On coding for reliable communication over packet networks

We consider the use of random linear network coding in lossy packet networks. In particular, we consider the following simple strategy: nodes store the packets that they receive and, whenever they have a transmission opportunity, they send out coded packets formed from random linear combinations of stored packets. In such a strategy, intermediate nodes perform additional coding yet do not decode nor wait for a block of packets before sending out coded packets. Moreover, all coding and decoding operations have polynomial complexity.We show that, provided packet headers can be used to carry an amount of side-information that grows arbitrarily large (but independently of payload size), random linear network coding achieves packet-level capacity for both single unicast and single multicast connections and for both wireline and wireless networks. This result holds as long as packets received on links arrive according to processes that have average rates. Thus packet losses on links may exhibit correlations in time or with losses on other links. In the special case of Poisson traffic with i.i.d. losses, we give error exponents that quantify the rate of decay of the probability of error with coding delay. Our analysis of random linear network coding shows not only that it achieves packet-level capacity, but also that the propagation of packets carrying “innovative” information follows the propagation of jobs through a queueing network, thus implying that fluid flow models yield good approximations.     

基于网络编码的无人机数据链技术研究

为了提高无人机数据链网络的传输性能,针对其具有的高动态、多中继和大容量等显著特点,提出了对流链路网络编码策略。通过分析多无人机协同执行任务时形成的网络拓扑结构,利用网络仿真平台NS2建立了高动态多跳移动自组网模型,分别改变模型中节点的移动速度、跳数和数据包大小,观察其对网络吞吐率的影响。仿真结果表明,对流链路网络编码策略能够有效地改善仿真模型的传输性能,很好的应用在无人机数据链网络中。     

波长共享的WDM无源光网络

提出了波长共享的WDM无源光网络的系统结构及其媒质接入协议.这种方案结合了波长路由和功率分割,控制信道采用随机接入,并使用先到先服务的调度策略有效地分配上行带宽.分析了系统中的分组延时,数值计算表明系统具有良好的延时特性.     

PHY modulation/rate control for fountain codes in 802.11a/g WLANs

In this paper we consider the joint performance of fountain codes and 802.11a/g PHY modulation/coding. We consider optimality both in terms of maximizing goodput and minimizing energy, and results are presented for both theoretical and experimental channel models. In contrast to studies in cellular networks, we find that in 802.11a/g WLANs the cross-layer approach of a higher-layer fountain coding with a PHY layer modulation and FEC coding can yield very limited gains, and the PHY modulation/rate that optimizes the uncoded multicast performance is also close to that for fountain-coded multicast traffic over a wide-range of network conditions. This is potentially an important observation as it indicates that in 802.11a/g WLANs cross-layer design for multicast rate control would bring few benefits and PHY layer rate control can be carried out without regard to the use of fountain coding at higher layers.     

水下航行器网络控制系统仿真

传统控制系统的设计方法中忽略了通信网络中的时延和数据包丢失等问题,仅通过传统方法设计的控制器来降低其对控制系统产生的不利影响,严重影响了系统的稳定性。对于水下航行器等对系统性能要求较高的水下控制平台,突破传统使其在网络环境下能够稳定运行显得尤为重要。在此背景下,提出了网络控制系统的设计方案,以水下航行器为控制平台,进行系统建模,设计反馈控制器,使用MATLAB仿真工具TrueTime,研究分析了网络体系结构下时延和丢包对传统控制系统动静态性能的影响。仿真结果表明该设计方法优化了系统性能,为系统在发生网络诱导时延和数据包丢失时能够稳定运行,提供了可靠的参考依据。该设计结果具有普适性,也可以用于导弹、坦克等航行器。     

一种基于分层的量子分组传输方案及性能分析

大规模量子通信网络中,采用量子分组传输技术能有效提升发送节点的吞吐量,提高网络中链路的利用率,增强通信的抗干扰性能.然而量子分组的快速传输与路由器性能息息相关.路由器性能瓶颈将严重影响网络的可扩展性和链路的传输效率.本文提出一种量子通信网络分层结构,并根据量子密集编码和量子隐形传态理论,给出一种基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案,实现端到端的量子信息传输.该方案先将量子分组按照目的地址进行聚类,再按聚类后的地址进行传输.仿真结果表明,基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案能够有效减少量子分组信息在量子通信网络中的传输时间,并且所减少的时间与量子路由器性能与发送的量子分组数量有关.因此,本文提出的量子分组信息传输方案适用于大规模量子通信网络的构建.     

工业IEEE802.15.4a标准无线网络性能测试设计与实现

Based on IEEE 802.15.4, a short-range wireless transmission technology has been widely used in industry. To evaluate the performance of the industrial wireless networks, a wireless network performance test device is developed and the testing platform is set up. By testing for industrial wireless network control system, such the throughput, packet loss rate of the token cycle, control cycle, as performance indicators are obtained. It provides the powerful basis to improve the performance and evaluation industrial wireless network.     

An adaptive reservation scheme for optical network

In this paper, the various Optical Burst Switching (OBS) reservation schemes have been examined in order to reduce data loss caused by either channel scheduling or resources. A novel multi-service OBS edge node with synchronized bandwidth reservation mechanism (SRM) has been proposed, which enables high-speed network transport nodes to dynamically reserve bandwidth needed for active data burst flows. The performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated by means of NS-2 simulation. The results show that the packet delay is kept within the constraint for each traffic flow and the performance metrics such as burst loss rate, throughput and fairness are remarkably improved.     

Adaptive coding clustered routing protocol for energy efficient and reliable WSN

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the sensor nodes are expected to remain autonomous for a long time and the communication must be successful. So, energy efficiency and communication reliability are the main challenges for WSN. Routing protocols and, in particular, clustering is the key to energy constraints in WSNs. In a loss milieu, data shared between nodes is susceptible to corruption by errors caused by signal fading, random noise, and some other forces. For this reason, channel coding is necessary to assure efficient and reliable transmission. Therefore, energy efficiency and reliability of communications are the most crucial factors in the design of an efficient cluster-based routing protocol. In this context, to raise the reliability of the communication link and minimize the necessary transmission energy, a new adaptive coding routing protocol is proposed, which implements RS and LDPC codes to a routing protocol. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol improves energy consumption, network lifetime, stability, and throughput compared to LEACH and BRE-LEACH. In addition, it reaches a good BER performance and coding gain by using the LDPC code.     

基于分组交换的量子通信网络传输协议及性能分析

量子纠缠交换能够建立可靠的量子远程传输信道, 实现量子态的远程传输. 然而, 基于纠缠交换的量子信道要求网络高度稳定, 否则会浪费大量纠缠资源. 为节省纠缠资源, 本文根据隐形传态理论, 提出了一种基于分组交换的量子通信网络传输协议, 建立了发送量子态所需的纠缠数目与所经过的路由器数、链路错误率的定量关系, 并与纠缠交换传输协议进行了比较. 仿真结果表明, 在链路错误率为0.1% 时, 分组传输协议所使用的纠缠数目少于纠缠交换的数目, 另外, 随着错误率的升高, 分组传输协议所需的纠缠数比纠缠交换协议明显减少. 由此可见, 基于分组交换的量子通信网络传输协议在网络不稳定时, 能够节省大量纠缠资源, 适用于链路不稳定的量子通信网络.     

Assessing the impact of physical layer techniques on ad hoc network performance

This article provides an overview on the topic of ad hoc network performance analysis, mainly from a physical layer standpoint. The emphasis of the paper is on how the individual link and network performance can be evaluated in an analytically tractable manner, such that design insights can be obtained and optimization over key parameters is possible. Our model is that of a large random network, where the wireless channel comprises path-loss and fading. Various physical layer factors are taken into account: the multiple-access (MA) scheme, such as direct-sequence (DS) CDMA and frequency-hopping (FH) CDMA; error correction coding such as Reed–Solomon (RS) or convolutional coding; coherent or noncoherent detection; the use of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) techniques to enhance error protection or to increase the transmission rate. The performance of the network is evaluated and optimized in terms of useful metrics such as the network throughput, the information efficiency and the transmission capacity.     

一种牧场配料系统的设计与实现

提出了一种应用于移动Ad Hoc网络的分布式资源接纳控制机制,在目的节点和中间节点部署不同的资源接纳控制模块,能以接近通话或者分组传输的时间间隔适应网络的动态变化,为业务提供较好的QoS保障,并且能够支持多播及接收者异质性。仿真结果表明,添加资源接纳控制机制后,时延、抖动及丢包率分别降低了25.75%,51.76%和24.15%。     

Rate adaptation of convolutional coded optical CDMA systems for improved goodput

Rate adaptation is a technique that enables the selection of the most suitable error-correction coding rate according to the real-time channel quality, therefore increasing the overall throughput. We propose the use of rate adaptive convolutional codes for amplitude encoded, binary on–off keyed optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) systems. Conventional OCDMA systems have a bit error probability floor due to optical multiple-user interference (OMUI). A convolutional coded OCDMA system (CC-OCDMA) lowers the error floors with increased coding rates but at the expense of reduced goodput (throughput minus the redundancy bits or symbols). However, by exploiting the variation of OMUI with user number, it is shown here that rate adaptation offers larger and consistent goodput improvements compared to fixed coding rate CC-OCDMA systems for various traffic profiles. This advantage is also observed in comparisons with OCDMA systems using improved receiver designs and 2D wavelength/time signatures codes. Based on the analytical results obtained here and the commercial availability of convolutional coding chipsets, rate-adaptive convolutional coding for OCDMA systems is worth to be considered for practical implementation.     

An optical multicast packet switching architecture shared with limited-range multi-wavelength converter and full-range wavelength converters

Optical packet switch with multicast capability can inspire a broad range of multipoint to multipoint applications in future optical networks. An optical multicast packet switching architecture, equipped with feedback shared small number of limited-range multi-wavelength converters (LMWCs) and output shared some full-range wavelength converters (FRWCs), is proposed for a wavelength-division multiplexed optical multicast network to improve multicast performance in the paper. The FRWCs are used to overcome the performance degradation in terms of packet loss probability due to only use LMWCs. In the architecture, the two converters are shared by all the multicast packets importing to the optical multicast switch node. A maximum bipartite matching with minimum edges weights strategy was designed to employ fewer wavelength converters and avoid useless degradation of optical signal quality for the architecture to improve the node performance. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture and its wavelength converter scheduling algorithm can reduce the multicast packet loss probability with relatively lesser wavelength conversion cost.     

光纤网络中的云数据并行调度

光纤网络的通信质量受到云数据调度均衡性影响很大,为了改善光纤网络通信质量,提高网络中云数据传输的吞吐量和保真率,通过云数据并行调度,实现云数据传输均衡,提出一种基于自适应判决反馈均衡的光纤网络云数据并行调度模型。构建光纤网络通信的传输信道模型,采用最小均方误差估计方法进行光纤网络的量化融合估计,运用匹配滤波检测器进行云数据中的干扰滤波处理,结合自适应判决反馈均衡方法进行信道均衡,在均衡的信道中对滤波输出的云数据进行并行调度和多线程输出调制。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行光纤网络中的云数据并行调度的均衡性较好,输出数据的保真率较高,误码率较低,改善了光纤网络的整体性能。     

A new burst assembly technique for supporting QoS in optical burst switching networks

This letter proposes a new burst assembly technique for supporting QoS in optical burst switching (OBS) networks. It consists of the adaptive-threshold burst assembly mechanism and QoS-based random offset-time scheme. The assembly mechanism, which is fit well to multi-class burst assembly, not only matches with IP QoS mechanism based on packet classification, and also utilizes fairly and efficiently assembly capacity. Based on token-bucket model and burst segment selective discard (BSSD), the offset-time scheme can smooth the traffic to support OBS QoS. The simulation results show that the technique can improve the performance in terms of packet loss probability (PLP).     

面向下一代航电系统的数据块填装性能

结合光分组交换(OPS)网络和光纤通道(FC)技术的优势, 提出一种下一代航电系统组网方案——基于光分组交换网络的光纤通道技术(FC over OPS)。建立了数学仿真模型, 研究了一种数据块填装算法与网络实时性之间的关系, 分析不同的参数如发送带宽、最低效率门限、发送定时的选取对网络实时性的影响。进一步完成硬件原型设计和仿真, 比较了软件仿真与硬件仿真的结果, 并分析该数据块填装算法的性能。     

基于飞行器网络控制系统的多速率控制器设计

为了减少网络环境中的时延和数据包丢失对飞行器网络控制器系统的影响,设计了一种具有多速率的保性能控制器设计方法;多速率是指在具有多通道数据传输的系统中,各通道所需控制输入的频率不完全相同;在存在时延和丢包的情况下,利用增广技术对飞行器控制系统在整个循环周期内建立离散模型,此时为了使多速率控制方法更加有效,先基于此模型在控制器输入端构造一个预测器,根据预测器的输出为整个系统设计一个具有多控制速率的动态输出反馈控制器;然后给出并证明保性能控制器的存在条件和求解方法;最后通过某飞行器网络控制系统的数值算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Directed Data-Processing Inequalities for Systems with Feedback

We present novel data-processing inequalities relating the mutual information and the directed information in systems with feedback. The internal deterministic blocks within such systems are restricted only to be causal mappings, but are allowed to be non-linear and time varying, and randomized by their own external random input, can yield any stochastic mapping. These randomized blocks can for example represent source encoders, decoders, or even communication channels. Moreover, the involved signals can be arbitrarily distributed. Our first main result relates mutual and directed information and can be interpreted as a law of conservation of information flow. Our second main result is a pair of data-processing inequalities (one the conditional version of the other) between nested pairs of random sequences entirely within the closed loop. Our third main result introduces and characterizes the notion of in-the-loop (ITL) transmission rate for channel coding scenarios in which the messages are internal to the loop. Interestingly, in this case the conventional notions of transmission rate associated with the entropy of the messages and of channel capacity based on maximizing the mutual information between the messages and the output turn out to be inadequate. Instead, as we show, the ITL transmission rate is the unique notion of rate for which a channel code attains zero error probability if and only if such an ITL rate does not exceed the corresponding directed information rate from messages to decoded messages. We apply our data-processing inequalities to show that the supremum of achievable (in the usual channel coding sense) ITL transmission rates is upper bounded by the supremum of the directed information rate across the communication channel. Moreover, we present an example in which this upper bound is attained. Finally, we further illustrate the applicability of our results by discussing how they make possible the generalization of two fundamental inequalities known in networked control literature.