基于风洞的设备健康管理与数据有效性判定平台研究

低速增压风洞是满足我国航空工业科技发展而建设的一座气动力重大基础试验设施。为了保障该设施的高效率和可靠地运行,以各机电设备、电气测控设备、机械装置为对象,根据其故障模式和故障特点选取合适的监测点,获取实时工作状态数据,再以数据为基础,进行状态监测、故障诊断、故障预测,实现预先性决策和针对性快速维修。基于OSA-CBM 体系构建的风洞健康管理系统,根据设备的运行状态,实现对试验数据的有效性进行实时判定,并实现了风洞装备由事后维修向视情维修转变;实现了装备从使用、维护、管理模式由分散式管理向集约式管理的转变;实现了装备系统故障诊、预测及判读从人工智能向机器智能的转变。     

基于CBM电子设备故障预测技术研究

为解决电子设备结构复杂,故障信息不足,故障预测困难,并且现有方法不能直接对电子设备进行状态预测等问题,本文提出了基于状态维修（CBM）的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)组合故障预测方法。首先采取灵敏度分析法确定电路中要可能发生变化的元件,通过改变元件参数来设置电路的不同退化状态;其次建立组合故障预测模型;最后对该电路进行状态预测。结果表明,本文提出的方法能够直接预测电路的不同状态,进而实现直接预测电子设备的故障状态,预测精度可以达到93.3%。     

基于遗传神经网络的伺服机构健康状态预测

为了及时把握伺服机构的健康状态,为装备的管理维护与任务执行提供必要的决策支持,从装备的自然退化趋势出发,提出了一种基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络的预测模型。利用BP神经网络优秀的非线性映射能力构造预测模型,将神经网络初始权值阈值编码,利用改进的自适应遗传算法确定最优解。将该模型应用到伺服机构的健康状态预测上,并与标准BP神经网络及径向基神经网络做比较。结果表明该模型有更好的预测精度及收敛速度,从而验证了模型的有效性。     

基于信息源特征的航空部附件故障预测研究

针对舰载机多机种一体化自主保障中机载设备的维修保障需求,提出了基于信息源特征分析的航空关键部附件故障预测方法。首先,从信息源数据特征、研究对象判定、用于预测的可用信息及不确定性四个角度对信息源特征的复杂性进行了分析;其次,根据航空部附件故障频率和平均停机维修时间采用四象限图实现航空关键部附件的判定;最后,基于信息源不同可用信息选择不同的故障预测方法,并介绍了智能融合的神经网络算法和能够消除不确定性的非线性滤波方法,提高了航空部附件故障预测方法的通用性和准确性。     

基于RBF神经网络的强流LIA故障诊断与性能评价技术

 用于流体动力学诊断的强流LIA是庞大而复杂的系统,其性能预测和评估是十分困难的。针对强流LIA大量的单次快脉冲非平稳信号,提出基于小波包分析与RBF神经网络技术相结合实现故障智能诊断和性能评价的方法。该方法以强流LIA高维信号的小波包结点能量提取的特征向量来表征信号平顶、脉宽以及暂态特性。在此基础上,建立了“神龙一号”加速器腔电压及注入器出口束流故障诊断与性能评价原型系统,该系统不仅可进行故障诊断和性能评价,还可探测到加速器运行参数的变化趋势,为加速器的精细维护提供预测信息。     

基于油液光谱Wiener过程的综合传动装置失效预测

原子发射光谱是分析油液中微小磨损颗粒元素浓度的重要方法。作为一种非直接测量方法,油液光谱数据是车辆综合传动装置可靠性评估中的系统性能劣化的重要监测指标,可用于系统失效评估与剩余寿命预测。针对油液光谱数据这类型的一元劣化失效,随机过程尤其是Wiener过程模型具有良好的计算分析性质,在基于性能劣化的可靠性分析中应用日趋广泛。通过对车辆综合传动装置运行中的实时采样,共取得50个油液光谱样本。采用其中三种指示元素的线性回归方程来计算综合传动装置运行中每个瞬时的特征值与均值。基于正漂移Wiener过程,建立了综合传动装置的劣化失效预测模型,并基于R语言环境进行了随机微分方程的仿真与求解。得到了油液光谱中的Fe,Cu和Mo元素含量增长趋势的预测结果以及三种指示元素各自的首中时间。经比较,劣化失效周期的预测值较之条件维护时间延长了27 Mh(15.9%)。维护时间的延长,能够有效的减少全寿命周期内的维护次数,并最终降低维护成本。研究结果表明,该方法适用于综合传动装置的磨损与失效预测、全寿命周期费用与维护计划的优化。同时,也可推广至其他复杂机械系统的失效预测与评价等相关领域。     

灰色极限学习机在滚动轴承故障预测中的应用

针对较强噪声环境下的滚动轴承故障预测问题,为提高轴承故障预测的精度,提出并研究了一种新的滚动轴承预测技术。采用将灰色模型和极限学习机（ELM）相结合的方法,针对轴承运行状态值的非线性特点,先将样本数据进行灰色处理,解决数据的随机性和波动性问题,然后代入学习速度快,泛化精度高的ELM神经网络进行训练。在训练完毕后,对未来的轴承运行状态数据进行分析,将其与轴承设备的理论诊断标准相比较以达到故障预测的目的。     

A Novel Method for Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery

When rotating machinery fails, the consequent vibration signal contains rich fault feature information. However, the vibration signal bears the characteristics of nonlinearity and nonstationarity, and is easily disturbed by noise, thus it may be difficult to accurately extract hidden fault features. To extract effective fault features from the collected vibration signals and improve the diagnostic accuracy of weak faults, a novel method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is proposed. The new method is based on Fast Iterative Filtering (FIF) and Parameter Adaptive Refined Composite Multiscale Fluctuation-based Dispersion Entropy (PARCMFDE). Firstly, the collected original vibration signal is decomposed by FIF to obtain a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and the IMFs with a large correlation coefficient are selected for reconstruction. Then, a PARCMFDE is proposed for fault feature extraction, where its embedding dimension and class number are determined by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Finally, the extracted fault features are input into Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) to classify different states of rotating machinery. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately extract weak fault features and realize reliable fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.     

Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis for Robot Joint Based on Deep CNN

This paper proposes a data-driven method-based fault diagnosis method using the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The DCNN is used to deal with sensor and actuator faults of robot joints, such as gain error, offset error, and malfunction for both sensors and actuators, and different fault types are diagnosed using the trained neural network. In order to achieve the above goal, the fused data of sensors and actuators are used, where both types of fault are described in one formulation. Then, the deep convolutional neural network is applied to learn characteristic features from the merged data to try to find discriminative information for each kind of fault. After that, the fully connected layer does prediction work based on learned features. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed deep convolutional neural network model, different fault diagnosis methods including support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), conventional neural network (CNN) using the LeNet-5 method, and long-term memory network (LTMN) are investigated and compared with DCNN method. The results show that the DCNN fault diagnosis method can realize high fault recognition accuracy while needing less model training time.     

变工况下旋转机械故障跟踪的相空间曲变方法

为实现在工况变化条件下对旋转机械的故障预测, 提出使用相空间曲变和平滑正交分解理论在变工况条件下跟踪旋转机械的故障演化过程. 首先在对目标系统的观测时间序列相空间重构的基础上, 通过量化相空间曲变构建信号损伤演化的跟踪函数, 为弥补累积模型误差和相空间点局部分布概率差异造成的误差, 将时间序列和相空间进行分割, 并以此构建跟踪矩阵; 再利用平滑正交分解方法将跟踪矩阵中分别由实际损伤劣化和工况变化造成的演化趋势进行分离, 根据平滑正交特征值提取出其中能够反映实际故障演化趋势的平滑正交分量; 最后以变转速情况下轴承外环故障退化的仿真信号为例验证算法的有效性. 计算结果表明: 本文提出的算法能够对旋转机械故障的演化趋势实现有效跟踪, 基本排除转速波动造成的工况变化影响. 关键词： 相空间曲变 平滑正交分解 变工况 故障跟踪     

基于退化数据和DBN算法的IGBT健康参数预测方法

绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)等电子元器件被广泛用于运输和能源部门,其健康状态对于设备安全和有效至关重要;在对IGBT的结构和损伤机制分析基础上,结合NASA艾姆斯中心开展的IGBT加速退化试验,选择集电极-发射极关断峰值电压作为失效特征参数,提出了一种基于深度信念网络的预测模型对其进行分析和预测;以Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法模型作为对比,实验结果显示文章提出的三隐藏层DBN模型相比于LM模型有更好的预测性能和更高的预测精度。     

Failure strength prediction of glass/epoxy composite laminates from acoustic emission parameters using artificial neural network

The ageing effect of glass/epoxy composite laminates exposed to seawater environment for different periods of time was investigated using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The mass gain ratio and flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite laminates were examined after the seawater treatment. The flexural strength of the seawater treated GFRP specimens showed a decreasing trend with increasing exposure time. The degradation effects of seawater are studied based on the changes in AE signal parameters for various periods of time. The significant AE parameters like counts, energy, signal strength, absolute energy and hits were considered as training data input. The input data were taken from 40% to 70% of failure loads for developing the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and generalised regression neural network (GRNN) models. RBFNN model was able to predict the ultimate failure strength and could be validated with the experimental results with the percentage error well within 0.5–7.2% tolerance, whereas GRNN model was able to predict the ultimate failure strength with the percentage error well within 0.5–4.4% tolerance. The prediction accuracy of GRNN model is found to be better than RBFNN model.     

Development of an on-line diagnosis system for rotor vibration via model-based intelligent inference

An on-line fault detection and isolation technique is proposed for the diagnosis of rotating machinery. The architecture of the system consists of a feature generation module and a fault inference module. Lateral vibration data are used for calculating the system features. Both continuous-time and discrete-time parameter estimation algorithms are employed for generating the features. A neural fuzzy network is exploited for intelligent inference of faults based on the extracted features. The proposed method is implemented on a digital signal processor. Experiments carried out for a rotor kit and a centrifugal fan indicate the potential of the proposed techniques in predictive maintenance.     

某型飞机发动机故障诊断专家系统设计

针对某型飞机发动机故障诊断困难以及视情维修对维修技术提出的更高要求,利用专家系统人工智能技术设计了该型飞机发动机故障诊断专家系统。该系统利用自动检测技术获得发动机状态参数,通过智能诊断实现故障定位。系统利用模块化设计思想进行了人机交互界面设计、故障知识数据库建立、推理机制设计、获取知识程序设计、解释程序设计,实现了发动机故障的快速定位,提高了发动机诊断维修的时效性,保证了发动机的完好率。     

Suitable features selection for monitoring thermal condition of electrical equipment using infrared thermography

Monitoring the thermal condition of electrical equipment is necessary for maintaining the reliability of electrical system. The degradation of electrical equipment can cause excessive overheating, which can lead to the eventual failure of the equipment. Additionally, failure of equipment requires a lot of maintenance cost, manpower and can also be catastrophic- causing injuries or even deaths. Therefore, the recognition processof equipment conditions as normal and defective is an essential step towards maintaining reliability and stability of the system. The study introduces infrared thermography based condition monitoring of electrical equipment. Manual analysis of thermal image for detecting defects and classifying the status of equipment take a lot of time, efforts and can also lead to incorrect diagnosis results. An intelligent system that can separate the equipment automatically could help to overcome these problems. This paper discusses an intelligent classification system for the conditions of equipment using neural networks. Three sets of features namely first order histogram based statistical, grey level co-occurrence matrix and component based intensity features are extracted by image analysis, which are used as input data for the neural networks. The multilayered perceptron networks are trained using four different training algorithms namely Resilient back propagation, Bayesian Regulazation, Levenberg–Marquardt and Scale conjugate gradient. The experimental results show that the component based intensity features perform better compared to other two sets of features. Finally, after selecting the best features, multilayered perceptron network trained using Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm achieved the best results to classify the conditions of electrical equipment.     

Misalignment Fault Prediction of Wind Turbines Based on Improved Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm

A misalignment fault is a kind of potential fault in double-fed wind turbines. The reasonable and effective fault prediction models are used to predict its development trend before serious faults occur, which can take measures to repair in advance and reduce human and material losses. In this paper, the Least Squares Support Vector Machine optimized by the Improved Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm is used to predict the misalignment index of the experiment platform. The mixed features of time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain indexes of vibration or stator current signals are the inputs of the Least Squares Support Vector Machine. The kurtosis of the same signals is the output of the model, and the 3σ principle of the normal distribution is adopted to set the warning line of misalignment fault. Compared with other optimization algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed prediction model can predict the development trend of the misalignment index with the least prediction error.     

PSO优化LS-SVM在模拟电路故障预测中的应用

针对模拟电路故障预测的特点,提出一种基于PSO优化LS-SVM惩罚因子和核参数的模拟电路故障预测方法。利用小波包分解重构构造能量特征向量,通过计算PPMCC和欧氏距离来表征电路中元件的健康程度,定义为健康度,由此推导出电路发生故障时该元件的故障阈值。应用PSO优化的LS-SVM模型来实现模拟电路的故障预测,预测各个时间点的健康度变化轨迹并估计模拟电路的剩余寿命。通过仿真实验得知,该方法简单便捷,能够有效实现模拟电路的故障预测,具有较好的实用性。     

商用车维修服务链关键技术研究

作为构建商用车维修服务链的关键设备,设计了一种基于J1939协议的车载商用车故障诊断系统。该系统扩展了传统车载故障诊断系统,利用无线通讯技术将采集到的J1939车辆故障信息和GPS定位信息实时上传至车辆监控中心。目标是实现商用车车辆动态监控、故障诊断和预警以及车辆维修保养服务的网络协同管理。系统以Cortex-A8为主控制器和嵌入式Linux为平台,包括故障采集与分析模块,利用Qt设计用户界面。经多次测试实验,故障诊断快速准确,无线传输数据实时性强,丢包率低。     

基于油液光谱分析的综合传动视情维护研究

综合传动装置磨损产生的金属颗粒在润滑油液中均匀混合,导致装置工作环境的恶化并最终导致装置磨损失效事故的发生。因此,实现综合传动装置磨损劣化状态的准确监测和视情维护策略的合理制定对提高装置的可靠性与可维护性具有重要意义。携带着磨损部位与磨损状态信息的油液光谱与综合传动装置寿命的相互关系反映了装置磨损劣化的分布特征,使实现基于油液光谱数据的装置劣化建模和维护决策成为可能。现有综合传动装置视情维护研究是通过油液光谱数据趋势分析结合经验阈值实现的,没有考虑维护成本、装备可用度等因素的影响。鉴于此,提出基于油液光谱数据的综合传动装置视情维护决策方法。首先,针对综合传动装置的历史故障油液光谱数据,考虑装备寿命与各劣化变量间的相互关系及各劣化变量对装备劣化的贡献程度,采用Weibull比例风险回归建立了装置的工作寿命模型。然后,针对综合传动装置训练演习和执行任务两种使用工况,分别以最少维护成本、最大可用度为目标建立了装置的维护决策模型。与传统的综合传动装置维护决策方法相比,该方法考虑了维护成本因素和装备可用度因素的影响,能够根据维护目标有效的制定装置最优维护时间,为装置的视情维护决策提供了一个客观的量化方法。最后,通过对Ch系列综合传动装置历史故障油液光谱数据的实例分析证明了该方法的有效性,它能够实现综合传动装置视情维护策略的合理制定,也为其他装备的视情维护决策提供了有益的参考。     

A New Universal Domain Adaptive Method for Diagnosing Unknown Bearing Faults

The domain adaptation problem in transfer learning has received extensive attention in recent years. The existing transfer model for solving domain alignment always assumes that the label space is completely shared between domains. However, this assumption is untrue in the actual industry and limits the application scope of the transfer model. Therefore, a universal domain method is proposed, which not only effectively reduces the problem of network failure caused by unknown fault types in the target domain but also breaks the premise of sharing the label space. The proposed framework takes into account the discrepancy of the fault features shown by different fault types and forms the feature center for fault diagnosis by extracting the features of samples of each fault type. Three optimization functions are added to solve the negative transfer problem when the model solves samples of unknown fault types. This study verifies the performance advantages of the framework for variable speed through experiments of multiple datasets. It can be seen from the experimental results that the proposed method has better fault diagnosis performance than related transfer methods for solving unknown mechanical faults.