基态和亚稳态的Ca、Ba原子与CIO_2化学发光反应的动态学研究

在束-气装置上的单次碰撞条件下,利用低压直流放电选择性地激发碱土金属到亚稳态,观察了Ca(~1S)、Ca(~1S’~3P)、Ba(~1S)、Ba(~1S,~3D)+ClO_2。反应的化学发光.通过测量化学发光总包光强的空间分布,得到这些反应的总碰撞截面为:Ca(~1S)+ClO_2,97(A~2);Ca(~3P)+ClO_2,138(A~2);Ba(~1S)+ClO_2,136(A);Ba(~3D)+ClO_2,239(A~2),计算机模拟化学发光光谱,发现新生产物MO(M=Ca,Ba)的电子激发态A~1П态的相对振动布居分布是非玻尔兹曼分布的,求出反应Ba(~3D)+ClO_2和Ca(~3P)+ClO_2产生的MClC~П→X~2 ∑~+跃迁的化学发光截面分别为51(A~2)和31(A~2),计算光谱中不同成份的光强,得到了反应产生MO、MCl的产物分支比.最后,讨论了这类反应的机理。     

基态和亚稳态的Ca、Ba原子与ClO2化学发光反应的动态学研究

在束-气装置上的单次碰撞条件下, 利用低压直流放电选择性地激发碱土金属到亚稳态, 观察了Ca(~1S)、Ca(~1S’~3P)、Ba(~1S)、Ba(~1S, ~3D)+ClO_2。反应的化学发光. 通过测量化学发光总包光强的空间分布, 得到这些反应的总碰撞截面为: Ca(~1S)+ClO_2, 0.97 nm; Ca(~3P)+ClO_2, 1.38 nm; Ba(~1S)+ClO_2, 13.6 nm; Ba(~3D)+ClO_2, 2.39 nm, 计算机模拟化学发光光谱, 发现新生产物MO(M=Ca, Ba)的电子激发态A~1П态的相对振动布居分布是非玻尔兹曼分布的, 求出反应Ba(~3D)+ClO_2和Ca(~3P)+ClO_2产生的MClC~П→X~2 ∑~+跃迁的化学发光截面分别为0.51 nm和0.31 nm, 计算光谱中不同成份的光强, 得到了反应产生MO、MCl的产物分支比. 最后, 讨论了这类反应的机理。     

CH_2CH(~2A')自由基与臭氧反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学MP2（full）方法,在6－311+ +G~(**)基组水平上研究了CH_2CH (~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应的机理,全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过 渡态和产物的几何构型,在QCISD（T,full）/6-311+ +G~(**)水平上计算了它们的 能量,并对它们进行了振动分析,以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性,研究结果表明 ：CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应有两条可行的反应通道,分别为：CH_2CH (~2A~＇)+O_3→TS1→M1→TS2→O_2+OCH_2CH→TS4+O_2→O_2(~3∑_g)+CH_2CHO (~2A~＂)和CH_2CH(~2A~＇)+O_3→M2→TS3→O_2(~3∑_g)+CHO(~2A~＂),后一个反 应通道较容易发生,而且反应活化能小（2.97kJ/mol）,说明CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由 基与臭氧之间的反应活性很强。     

CH_2CH(~2A')自由基与臭氧反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学MP2（full）方法，在6－311+ +G~(**)基组水平上研究了CH_2CH (~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应的机理，全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过 渡态和产物的几何构型，在QCISD（T,full）/6-311+ +G~(**)水平上计算了它们的 能量，并对它们进行了振动分析，以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性，研究结果表明 ：CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由基与臭氧反应有两条可行的反应通道，分别为：CH_2CH (~2A~＇)+O_3→TS1→M1→TS2→O_2+OCH_2CH→TS4+O_2→O_2(~3∑_g)+CH_2CHO (~2A~＂)和CH_2CH(~2A~＇)+O_3→M2→TS3→O_2(~3∑_g)+CHO(~2A~＂),后一个反 应通道较容易发生，而且反应活化能小（2.97kJ/mol），说明CH_2CH(~2A~＇)自由 基与臭氧之间的反应活性很强。     

CH与H2分子反应动力学及选态反应的理论研究

次甲基作为化学反应源曾引起广泛的兴趣.Schaefer 及其合作者于1977年对反应CH(~4Σ~-)+H_2→CH_2(~3B_1)+H 进行过量子化学研究,但是计算中限制了一些自由度.近年来,由于能量梯度方法的发展,反应途径哈密顿理论和变分过渡态理论的提出,有可能进一步对该反应进行分子反应动力学性质的研究.本文用从头算UHF/6-31G 方法和能量梯度方法首先优化出上述反应(原子编号为CH_a+H_bH_c→H_bCH_a+H_c)的过渡态;再用     

CH(^4∑^-)+H2O→CH2(^3B1)+OH的直接动态学研究

用从头算方法计算了反应CH(^4∑^-)+H2O→CH2(^3B1)+OH的反应途径。在此基础上, 计算沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数, 并进行隧道效应校正。结果表明, 电子相关能对反应活化位垒影响较大; 反应存在返回效应和隧道效应, 用正则变分过渡态方法和小曲率近似的隧道校正是有效的。     

光敏作用形成臭氧的量子产率和反应机构

(1)汞共振辐射的2537.5线,能经激发汞原子而发生光敏作用,间接形成臭氧。至于1849.6线,则可同时发生光化和光敏作用产生臭氧。(2)2537.5线汞光敏作用形成臭氧的反应机构可能为:Hg(~1S_0)+2537.5→Hg(~3P_1~0)Hg(~3P_1~0)+O_2(~3Σ_g~-)→HgO_2HgO_2+O_2(~3Σ_g~-)→HgO+O_3量子总产率应近于1,实测的最大值为0.51。1849.6线汞光敏作用形成臭氧的反应机构可能为:Hg(~1S_0)+1849.6→Hg(~1P_1~0)Hg(~1P_1~0)+O_2(~3Σ_g~-)→Hg(~1S_0)+2O(~3P)O_2(~3Σ_g~-)+O(~3P)+M→O_3+M量子总产率应小于2,实测的最大值为1.15。(3)量子总产率随气体流速的增加而增加,每一汞原子所生臭氧的分子数随气体流速的增加而减少。(4)量子总产率和每一汞原子形成臭氧的分子数均随汞的蒸气压的减低而增加。每一汞原子在经过反应管吸收辐射形成臭氧的过程中,能发生极大次数的循环。     

磷酸二甲酯阴离子(DMP~-)与一价、二价金属离子 相互作用的理论研究

在B3LYP、HF和MP2水平上运用全电子从头算(AE)和相对论有效实势(RECP)及6-311+G**和LanL2DZ基组计算Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa和Ⅱb族金属离子与磷酸二甲酯阴离子(DMP-)的相互作用。 RECP用于除Li+、Be2+外所有的金属离子。 对Na+、K+、Cu+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+用AE和RECP 2种方法处理。 结果表明:RECP能可靠地用于重金属离子络合物; 二价金属离子络合物(DMP-—M2+)比一价金属离子络合物 (DMP-—M+)稳定;二价金属离子(M2+)可能比一价金属离子(M+)更易使多核苷酸折叠。     

汞共振辐射形成臭氧的适宜条件和量子产率

(1)在一大气压下,汞共振辐射中仅1849.6线能直接形成臭氧,2537.5线则不能。(2)氧中有 O_4或(O_2)_2分子时,对光化作用形成臭氧的效果并无影响。(3)根据本实验结果,可以推知2530线确如 Briner 等所指出,不能发生光化形成臭氧作用,Wulf.Herzberg.Rollefson 和 Burton 关于2530线形成臭氧的解释,也跟着失去了事实依据。在 Warburg 实验中可能实际起作用的为2138线并非2530线。(4)1849.6线形成臭氧的反应机构可能为:O_2(~3Σ_g~-)+1849.6→2O(~3P)O_2(~3Σ_g~-)+O(~3P)+M→O_3+M反应的量子总产率应略小于2,实测值为1.87。(5)在本实验情况下,形成臭氧的量子总产率随氧的流速的减小而有显著的减小,随温度的升高而稍减低,受氮冲淡的影响甚微。     

CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径及动态理论研究

用从头算的UHF/6-31G方法,反应途径哈密顿理论以及变分过渡态理论, 计算了反应CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径.沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数,用变分过渡态方法处理效果明显;较低温度下考虑隧道效应更重要,而用小曲率近似的校正是有效的;H~2 分子的振动激发对反应速率常数有较大增进.     

Total synthesis of the aglycone of the 8-methyl benzonaphthopyrone antibiotics,gilvocarcin M,virenomycin M,and albacarcin M

A short, convergent synthesis of the aglycone 5a of the 8-methyl benzonaphthopyrone antibiotics is described which utilizes as a key step a Suzuki biaryl coupling.     

Zintl-Verbindungen mit Gold: M3AuSn4 mit M = K,Rb, Cs und M3AuPb4 mit M = Rb,Cs

Zintl-Compounds with Gold: M₃AuSn₄ with M = K, Rb, Cs and M₃AuPb₄ with M = Rb, Cs Silver coloured, brittle single crystals of the compounds M₃AuSn₄ with M = K, Rb, Cs and M₃AuPb₄ with M = Rb, Cs were synthesized by reactions of alkali metal azides (MN₃) with gold sponge and tin (lead) powder at T = 923 K. The structures of the isotypic compounds (space group Pmmn, Z = 2) were determined from X-ray single-crystal diffractometry data (see ‘‘Inhaltsübersicht”︁”︁). The Zintl-compounds M₃AuE(14)₄ with E(14) = Sn, Pb contain [AuE(14)₄]-chains with P₄-analogous E(14)₄-tetrahedra which are connected by μ₂-bridging gold atoms.     

Relativistic-consistent electron densities of the coinage metal clusters M2, M4, M4(2-), and M4Na2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au): a QTAIM study

We employ second-order M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory level in combination with recently developed pseudopotential-based correlation consistent basis sets to obtain accurate relativistic-consistent electron densities for small coinage metal clusters. Using calculated electron densities, we employ Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) to gain insights into the nature of metal-metal bonding in the clusters M(2), M(4), M(4)(2-), and M(4)Na(2) (M = Cu, Ag, Au). For the simplest case of the metal dimer, M(2), we correlate the strength of the metal-metal bond with the value of the electron density at the bond critical point, the total energy density at the bond critical point, the sharing (delocalization) index, and the values of the two principle negative curvatures. We then consider changes to the metal-metal bonding and charge density distribution upon the addition of two metal atoms to form the metal tetramer, M(4), and then followed by the addition of an electron pair to form M(4)(2-) and finally followed by the addition of two alkali metal (sodium) ions to form M(4)Na(2). Using topological properties of the electron density, we present evidence for the existence of σ-aromaticity in Au(4)(2-). We also report the existence of two non-nuclear attractors in the molecular graph of Cu(4)(2-) and large negative charge accumulation in the nonbonded Cu basins of this cluster.     

Ti-48Al-2M~1-2M~2(M~1=Nb,V;M~2=Mn,Cr,V)合金电子结构

用紧束缚能带计算方法(EHT)研究了标题多元合金的能带及电子结构。发现少量的多种元素在γ-TiAl中掺杂,对合金中电荷分布的影响,具有单种元素掺杂的叠加性;选择适当的合金元素就能达到多种掺杂的性能互补。多种元素掺杂能更有效地使成键电子云趋势于球形化,Peierls力均称为化,有利于增加γ-TiAl合金的塑性和变形性。     

Heterocyclic compounds M1M2E1E2H8 (M1, M2 = Al,Ga, In; E1, E2 = N,P, As): A quantum chemical study

Structural and thermodynamic characteristics of heteroelement inorganic heterocycles M¹M²E¹E²H₈ (M¹, M² = Al, Ga, In; E¹, E² = N, P, As) were calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP/LANL2DZ(d,p) method. It was shown that energetic characteristics of heterocycle dissociation processes can be calculated by simple a additive scheme with the use of the average M-E bond energy. Dissociation of heteroelement heterocycles into monomeric H₂MEH₂ molecules proceeds according to the hardsoft acid-base (HSAB) concept.     

Heterodinuclear M1M2 Complexes (M1=Ni,Pd, Pt; M2=Rh,Ir) Supported by a Tetradentate Phosphine Ligand and Their Application for Hydrosilylation

A new series of cationic heterodinuclear complexes, [M¹M²Cl₂(meso-dpmppp)(RNC)₂]PF₆ (M¹=Ni, M²=Rh, R=^tBu ( 1 a ); M¹=Pd, M²=Rh, R=^tBu ( 2 a ), Xyl ( 2 b ); M¹=Pt, M²=Rh, R=^tBu ( 3 a ), Xyl ( 3 b ); M¹=Pd, M²=Ir, R=^tBu ( 4 a )), supported by a tetradentate phosphine ligand, meso-Ph₂PCH₂P(Ph)(CH₂)₃P(Ph)CH₂PPh₂ (meso-dpmppp), were synthesized by stepwise reactions of meso-dpmppp with NiCl₂ ⋅ 6H₂O or MCl₂(cod) (M=Pd, Pt), forming mononuclear metalloligands of [M¹Cl₂(meso-dpmppp)], and with [M²Cl(cod)]₂ (M²=Rh, Ir) and RNC (R=^tBu, Xyl) in the presence of [NH₄][PF₆]. The related neutral PdRh complex, [PdRhCl₃(meso-dpmppp)(XylNC)] ( 5 ), was also prepared. The structures of 1 – 5 were determined by X-ray analyses to contain two square planar d⁸ metal centers with face-to-face arrangement, where meso-dpmppp supports M¹ and M² metal ions in cis/trans-P,P coordination mode, combining cis-{M¹P₂Cl₂} and trans-{M²P₂(CNR)₂} units. Complexes 1 – 4 showed an intence characteristic absorption around 422–464 nm derived from Rh^I→RNC MLCT transition (HOMO→LUMO+1), which are influenced by changing M¹ (Ni^II, Pd^II, Pt^II) metal ions since HOMO composed of dσ* orbitals appreciably destabilized by changing M¹ from Ni to Pd, and Pt. The electronic structures of 1 a – 4 a were investigated on the basis of DFT calculations and NBO analyses to show weak but noticeable d⁸–d⁸ metallophilic interaction as empirical dispersion energy of 0.9–1.5 kcal/mol without M¹–M² covalent bonding interaction. In addition, 1 – 5 were utilized as catalysts for hydrosilylation of styrene, and the NiRh complex 1 a was found to show higher activity and chemo- and regioselectivity compared with 2 – 5 .     

Electronic Structure of TiAl-2M(M=V,Nb,Ta,Cr,Mo,W,Mn) Alloy

1INTRODUCTIONTitaniumaluminidesbasedonY-TiAlarereceivingconsiderableattentionaspo-tentialcandidatesformaterialsinhightemperatureaerospaceapplication.Theirlowdensity,hightemperaturescreepresistance,highoxidationresistanceandstrengthmakesthemexcellentpotentialenginematerials.Howevertheirlowductilityandlowfracturetoughnessatroom'temperaturesaremajorhindrancestotheirpracticaluti-lization.TheTiAlalloymayhaveanelongationabout2%t'},furtherimprovementisnecessarybeforethesematerialscouldbeusedin…     

ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism and Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Np2M12M2 (M1: Co,Ni, Ru,Rh, Pd,Ir, Pt; M2: In,Sn) Compounds Derived from Density Functional Calculations.

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