Na23(p,α)反应的两个很靠近的共振能级

在质子能量为1416千电子伏的附近,测量了Na²³(p,α)反应的α₀激发曲线。在这里过去认为只有一个共振能级,现在发现有两个能级存在:一个在质子能量为1416.8千电子伏处;另一个在1410.4千电子伏处,这个能级主要通过放出α粒子而衰变到Ne²⁰的基态。     

23Al的β+延发质子测量

利用TOF-ΔE和0°注入探测器的方法,鉴别并测量了²³Al β⁺延发质子衰变能谱,通过精密脉冲发生器和计数器测得²³Al的半衰期T_1/2=(476±45)ms.实验中重现了能量为0.216,0.278,0.438,0.479MeV的低能衰变质子.另外,还观察到了一个新的β⁺延发衰变能级E_x=8.916MeV,并给出了它们的相对强度.     

46.7MeV/u 12C诱发核反应中的双质子干涉研究

本文讨论了46.7MeV/u ¹²C+⁵⁸Ni,¹¹⁵In,¹⁹⁷An实验中双质子干涉的研究结果,研究了零寿命Koonin模型中核力、库仑力及费米统计对关联函数的影响,并从实验中提取了发射源的半径参数r₀,实验发现r₀随着靶核质量的增加而增加,实验中还研究了发射源的大小与两个关联粒子能量和E₁+M₂的关系,得出的r₀值随着E₁+E₂的增加而减少,反映了高能质子主要来源于反应的早期.     

中能8B和9C与Si反应总截面的测量

能量为75MeV/u的¹²C初级束轰击2mm厚的初级Be靶,并利用RIBLL从弹核碎片中分离出54.2MeV/u质子滴线核束8B和61.1MeV/u的⁹C,再轰击Si靶,用透射法测量了它们与Si的反应总截面σ_R.并应用Glauber模型进行理论计算,分析结果表明⁸B和⁹C都可能具有质子晕结构.     

核电荷半径的同位旋相关性及其微观诠释

原子核电荷半径R_c所有的实验数据都表明, R_c系统偏离A^1/3律, 即随A增大R_c/A^1/3系统地递减, 而R_c/Z^1/3则比较接近于一个常量. 原子核巨单极共振能量E_x ∝ R^－1的大量实验数据也支持这一结论. 根本原因在于A^1/3律与同位旋无关, 而Z^1/3律已部分反映了同位旋的影响. 基于壳模型, 给出了Z^1/3律的微观诠释. 壳模型中质子和中子谐振子势强度参数ω_p和ω_n的差异, 可以用Z^1/3律说明. 基于与Wigner的原子核同位旋多重态质量公式(IMME)相似的理论考虑, 提出了核电荷半径改进的Z^1/3律.     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(Ⅶ)中子星物质中质子和中子的1S0态超流性

利用Brueckner Hartree Fock和BCS理论方法,计算了β稳定中子星物质中处于¹S₀ 态的质子和中子的对关联能隙,着重研究和讨论了三体核力的影响.结果表明三体核力对β稳定中子星物质中¹S₀态中子超流性的影响相对较小,但对¹S₀态质子超流性具有重要影响,而且其效应随核子数密度增大而迅速增强.三体核力的主要作用是强烈地抑制了高密度β稳定中子星物质中的1S0态质子超流性.     

4-硝基联苯酚三重态质子化和去质子化过程中瞬态物种的指认

近年利用超快光谱技术对于4-硝基联苯酚(HO-Bp-NO₂)的研究发现,其在单重态和三重态时均会发生光致质子耦合电子转移(PCET)反应. 其瞬态吸收光谱450 nm处有一个独特的尖锐吸收带,但无羟基取代的对硝基联苯(Bp-NO₂)未观察到此现象. 本文利用酸性溶液作为外加可控质子供体,通过在强酸(∽10^-1 mol/L)和弱酸(∽10^-4 mol/L)溶液中的光谱和动力学结果,指认这个新吸收带为开壳层单重态O-Bp-NO₂H. 它是HO-Bp-NO₂的互变异构体,由三重态HO-Bp-NO₂中硝基氧得质子后羟基快速去质子产生. 动力学分析表明,非质子极性溶剂中三重态HO-Bp-NO₂与基态母体间还会发生PCET或先质子后电子转移生成自由基·O-Bp-NO₂. 这一反应与O-Bp-NO₂H竞争,导致其产率较低. 这些结果阐明了三重态HO-Bp-NO₂在非质子极性溶剂中的失活机制.     

质子的自旋危机问题

建立了质子自旋依赖的结构函数的第一矩与GDH求和规则之间的关系.根据这个求和规则和重子结构的[SU_sf(6)⊙O(3)]⊙SU_c(3)夸克模型,讨论了质子的自旋问题,并把理论的结果与EMC和SLAC的实验作了比较,结果相一致.发现在低动量转移区,P₃₃(1232)的光激发的贡献是最重要的,而且是负的.在高动量转移区,P₃₃的贡献是正的,而且随Q²的增加很快减小,可以略去,从负值到正值的转折点是在Q²=0.32GeV²附近.     

188TL的πh9/2×υi13/2扁椭球转动带的旋称反转研究

利用能量为170MeV的³⁵Cl束流, 通过¹⁵⁷Gd(³⁵Cl,4n)熔合蒸发反应研究了¹⁸⁸Tl的 高自旋态能级结构. 依据实验结果建立了¹⁸⁸Tl基于πh_9/2×υi_13/2组态的转动带. 根据双奇Tl核能级结构的相似性, 指定了¹⁸⁸Tlπh_9/2×υi_13/2扁椭球转动带的自旋值. 结果表明在¹⁸⁸Tl中, πh_9/2×υi_13/2扁椭球转动带在低自旋区具有旋称反转性质. 利用包含了质子-中子剩余相互作用的准粒子-转子模型, 定性地解释了πh_9/2×υi_13/2扁椭球转动带的低自旋区旋称反转现象.     

质子辐照空间级硅橡胶的正电子淹没寿命谱研究

 用正电子淹没寿命谱方法（PALS）研究了质子辐照对空间级硅橡胶KH-L-Y微观结构的影响。试验结果表明，PALS谱所揭示的最长寿命成分的t₃, I₃及自由体积分数Vf随辐照剂量的增加开始明显下降；而当辐照剂量大于10¹⁵cm^-2后，随剂量的增加平缓上升。辐照剂量小于10¹⁵cm^-2时，质子辐照使硅橡胶自由体积减小，分子链间堆砌紧密；辐照剂量大于10¹⁵cm^-2时，质子辐照使硅橡胶自由体积增大。交联密度及DMA测试结果同样表明，质子辐照在剂量较小时硅橡胶的交联密度及玻璃化转变温度增加，辐照以交联效应为主；而剂量较大时辐照降解占优势。     

Allowance for the shell structure of the 42100 Mo and 46110 Pd nuclei in the synthesis of 84200 Po, 88210 Ra, and 92220 U

The effect of the shell structure of colliding nuclei in calculating the entrance channel on the ensuing evolution of the product system is investigated. The entrance channel is calculated under the assumption of the nose-to-nose orientation of colliding nuclei. The following three reactions involving nuclei that are deformed in the ground state are considered: ₄₂¹⁰⁰Mo + ₄₂¹⁰⁰Mo → ₈₄¹⁰⁰Po, ₄₂¹⁰⁰Mo + ₄₆¹⁰⁰Pd → ₈₈²¹⁰Ra, and ₄₆¹¹⁰Pd + ₄₆¹¹⁰Pd → ₉₂²²⁰U. The state of the system at the point of touching is determined by the results obtained by calculating the entrance reaction channel. The shape of the system is specified by three collective coordinates (deformation parameters). The evolution of collective coordinates of the system is described in terms of Langevin equations. The potential energy of the system of colliding nuclei is calculated with allowance for their shell structure. It is shown that allowance for individual features of interacting nuclei in the entrance channel of the fusion-fission reactions makes it possible to obtain, for the reactions being considered, cross sections for evaporation-residue formation that are closer to available experimental data than their liquid-drop counterparts.     

标定粉末照相指数的一个新图解法

本文叙述了标定德拜-谢乐照相指数的一个新图解法。利用三条低角度衍射线的sin²θ值和该晶体的密度,在A-C空间画一系列条件直线及等原子曲线。三条条件直线和一条等原子曲线的交点直接决定了晶胞的大小和晶胞内所含的原子数或位形单位数。这个方法可应用于四方晶系和六角晶系。 关键词：     

New optical absorption spectra of Cu2 molecules produced by the gas evaporation technique

A study was conducted on the optical absorption spectra ranging from 233 to 285 nm, which were taken in a region close to the source of evaporation of Cu, in low-pressure helium gas of 100 Torr. Eight band systems for Cu₂ dimers designated as system 1 through 8 were identified. The spectroscopic constants for the band origins were derived as follows: [vtilde] ≈ 42 200 cm^?1 for system 1, [vtilde]₀₀ = 41 604.74cm^?1 for system [vtilde]₀₀ = 39 606.70cm^?1 for system [vtilde]₀₀ = 38 124.32cm^?1 for system 4, [vtilde]₀₀ = 38 048.65 cm^?1 for system 5, 98, [vtilde]₀₀ = 36 834.22cm^?1 for system 6, [vtilde]₀₀ = 36 341.55 cm^?1 for system 7 and [vtilde]₀₀ = 36 174.99cm^?1 for system 8. For all cases in which vibrational constants of the lower state could be determined, it was found that the transition originated from the ground state of Cu₂.     

Positron annihilation from excited states of [X-e+] systems

The relative probabilities for the radiative de-excitation 2p₊ → ls₊ versus 2γ-annihilation for the hdot; ns²np⁶2p₊, ²P state of the [X^-e⁺] system with X = F, Cl, Br, and I are presented. It is shown that a positron captured into a 2p₊ orbital undergoes annihilation with electrons of the system instead of radiative transition to the ground state of the [X^-e⁺] system.     

Binding Energies and Scattering Observables in the 4He3 and 3He4He2 Three-Atomic Systems

The asymmetric ³He⁴He₂ three-atomic system is studied on the basis of a hard-core version of the Faddeev differential equations. Binding energy and scattering observables for this system are compared to previous results for the symmetric ⁴He₃ problem.     

Pressure shift and/or broadening of lines in the electronic spectra of Cl2, Br2, I2, O2, HD,AlH and H2CO

Line positions and widths of the B³Π_o⁺u?X¹Σ⁺_g electronic transitions of chlorine and bromine gases are measured in absorption as functions of pressure by means of a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer spectrometer (resolving power > 10⁶). No dependences on quantum numbers are detected. Deconvolutions of measured full-widths-at-half-maxima (FWHM) reveal collision broadening for pressures between 1 and 225 torr. The ratio of self-broadening to shift is always less than that expected for a van der Waals interaction in the impact approximation, namely -2.77. Accordingly, the Lennard-Jones potential is used to determine the effect of the electronic transitions on C₆ and C₁₂, and there are found 14 and 6% changes in C₆ for Cl₂ and Br₂, respectively. If, instead, one uses the self-broadening only, and a pure van der Waals interaction, the changes are 6 and 5%. Because the effects are in either model unexpectedly small, comparisons are made with less complete measurements (from the literature) for self-broadening in I₂, the B¹Σ⁺_g?X³Σ^-_g system of O₂ and the B^′Σ⁺_g?X¹Σ⁺_g system of HD, and for foreign-gas broadening in the A¹Π?X¹Σ system of A1H and the A̋¹A₂(π¹, n)?X̋¹A₁ system of H₂CO as well as the HD system.     

Diffusionstheoretische Beschreibung der Dissoziation und des Ionenhaushaltes im schwachionisierten Säulenplasma der Wasserstoffentladung. I. Reaktionsmechanismen — Bilanzgleichungssystem und Lösungsmethode

After the discussion of the main reaction mechanisms as ionization, dissociation, dissociative recombination, ion-molecule-reactions and chemical reactions between neutral particles a system of balance equations for the ions H⁺, H₂⁺, H₃⁺, and H₅⁺, for the atoms, for the mixture of neutral particles, for charge neutrality and the discharge current is given in the framework of the diffusion theory. The numerical method for the solution of this system is explained. In the following parts of this paper detailed results of the numerical calculation will be dicussed in comparison with some experimental investigations.     

LiF-LiCl-B2O3系统非晶态快离子导体结构的研究

本文通过对¹¹B核磁共振(¹¹B-NMR)、红外光谱等实验方法,研究了LiF-LiCl-B₂O₃三元系统玻璃的结构和离子导电性,着重于F^-离子在玻璃网络中所起的作用,以及F^-,Cl^-和Li⁺离子对导电率的影响。LiF-LiCl-B₂O₃三元系统玻璃,随LiF含量的增加,B由三角体向四面体变化,从而F^-离子进入网络,使玻璃结构由[B₂O₃]三角体层状结构向三维空间延展,形成了含有[BO₃F]基团的三维空间网络,Cl^-离子以游离的离子存在于网络中,起着松散网络的作用,对提高电导率有利,而Li⁺离子作为传导离子,对电导率的贡献是主要的。本系统玻璃的电导率是随LiF,LiCl含量的增加而增大,在300℃时测得电导率σ=6.12×10^-4Ω^-1·cm^-1。 关键词：     

Comparison of the Kinetics of the Exchange Mechanism of the Thallium Ion with 18C6 and with Pentaglyme in Acetonitrile Solutions

Abstract

In acetonitrile solutions, the exchange reaction is bimolecular in the Tl⁺ + 18C6 system, while in the Tl⁺ + pentaglyme system the associative-dissociative and the bimolecular mechanisms coexist at room temperature and the bimolecular exchange reaction dominates at 263° K. For the bimolecular mechanism in the case of Tl⁺ + 18C6 and the associative-dissociative mechanism in the case of Tl⁺ + pentaglyme, the activation energies of the exchange reactions change with temperature. At 298° K, in the Tl⁺ + 18C6 system the activation energy for the bimolecular exchange reaction is ≈ 2 kcal.mol^?1 and exchange rate constant (k₁) is (4.1 ± 0.1) × 10⁷ s^?1mol^?1; in the Tl⁺ + pentaglyme system, the activation energy for the associative-dissociative exchange reaction is ≈ 5 kcal mol^?1 and the decomplexation rate constant (k_?2) is (2.2 ± 0.4) X 10⁵ s^?1. The activation energy for the bimolecular exchange in the Tl⁺ + pentaglyme system was determined to be 3.00 ± 0.05 kcal.mol_?1 and the exchange rate constant (3.0 ± 0.1) X 10⁸ s^?1 mol^?1.     

Studies of R.F. discharges at moderate pressures and chemical applications—II. Nitrogen-hydrogen,nitrogen-methane and nitrogen-methane-hydrogen mixtures

Simultaneous vibro-rotational analyses have been carried out for the second positive system (SPS) of N₂ (C³П_u ? B³П_g), for the violet system (VS) of CN (B²Σ ? X²Σ) and for the Swan system (SS) of C₂ (d³П_g ? a³П_u), emitted by 35 MHz electrical discharges, containing N₂, H₂ and CH₄ flowing mixture s, in the 5–40 torr pressure range and at 1–10 Wcm^-3 power densities. The results are consistent with a Boltzman distribution for the rotational levels, but they show a deviation from this law for upper vibrational levels of CN and C₂.