All-optical pulse shaping for ultrawideband doublet pulses using nonlinear optical loop mirror with optical parametric amplification

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an alternative photonic scheme for the generation of ultrawideband (UWB) doublet pulses, which is based on an optical fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) incorporating the optical parametric amplification (OPA) effect. The proposed scheme uses both cross-phase modulation and OPA within an optical fiber-based NOLM to produce an ideal transfer function for the shaping of input soliton pulses into doublet pulses. Using the proposed scheme, a successful conversion of input soliton pulses into doublet pulses is readily demonstrated. The system performance of UWB doublet pulses is also assessed by propagating the 1.25?Gbit/s doublet pulses over a fiber link. Error-free UWB doublet signal transmission is demonstrated.     

Novel optical devices based on the tunable refractive index of magnetic fluid and their characteristics

As a new type of functional material, magnetic fluid (MF) is a stable colloid of magnetic nanoparticles, dressed with surfactant and dispersed in the carrier liquid uniformly. The MF has many unique optical properties, and the most important one is its tunable refractive index property. This paper summarizes the properties of the MF refractive index and the related optical devices. The refractive index can be easily controlled by external magnetic field, temperature, and so on. But the tunable refractive index of MF has a relaxation effect. As a result, the response time is more than milliseconds and the MF is only suitable for low speed environment. Compared with the traditional optical devices, the magnetic fluid based optical devices have the tuning ability. Compared with the tunable optical devices (the electro-optic devices (LiNbO₃) of more than 10 GHz modulation speed, acoustic-optic devices (Ge) of more than 20 MHz modulation speed), the speed of the magnetic fluid based optical devices is low. Now there are many applications of magnetic fluid based on the refractive index in the field of optical information communication and sensing technology, such as tunable beam splitter, optical-fiber modulator, tunable optical gratings, tunable optical filter, optical logic device, tunable interferometer, and electromagnetic sensor. With the development of the research and application of magnetic fluid,a new method, structure and material to improve the response time can be found, which will play an important role in the fields of optical information communication and sensing technology.     

Optical fiber modulator derivates from hollow optical fiber with suspended core

A fiber optic integrated modulation-depth-tunable modulator based on a type of hollow optical fiber with suspended core is proposed and investigated. We synthesized magnetic fluid containing superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and encapsulated it in the hollow optical fiber as the cladding layer of the suspended core by fusing the hollow optical fiber with the multimode optical fibers. The light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is coupled in and out of the modulating element by a tapering technique. Experimental results show that the light attenuation in the system can be greatly influenced by only 2.0×10(-2) μL of the magnetic fluid under different magnetic field strengths. The saturated modulation depth is 43% when the magnetic field strength is 489 Oe. The response time of the system is <120 ms. Significantly, this work presents information for the development of all-fiber modulators, including other integrated electro-optic devices, such as optical switch, optical fiber filter, and magnetic sensors utilizing the special structure of this hollow optical fiber with suspended core and superparamagnetic magnetic fluid.     

光纤数据链路模拟器设计

为分析光纤制导导弹飞行中光纤信道变化情况,满足导弹动静态仿真需求,设计了一种能够模拟光纤数据链路传输损耗特性的装置。研究内容包括建立系统传输损耗的动态、静态模型。利用光模拟器实现导弹飞行中可能遇到的信道干扰、数据延迟、动态损耗等情况。实验结果表明,光信号干扰的变化范围达到-50 dBm～-40 dBm,光信号的传输延迟范围为16.65 s～99.9 s,模拟器动态损耗调整范围为0 dBm～50 dBm,可用于验证导弹光纤传输系统的性能。     

Designing optical-fiber modulators by using magnetic fluids

To reduce interface loss between optical fibers and devices in telecommunication systems, the development of an optical-fiber-based device that can be fused directly with fibers is important. A novel optical modulator consisting of a bare fiber core surrounded by magnetic fluids instead of by a SiO2 cladding layer is proposed. Applying a magnetic field raises the refractive index of the magnetic fluid. Thus we can control the occurrence of total reflection at the interface between the fiber core and the magnetic fluid when light propagates along the fiber. As a result, the intensity of the outgoing light is modulated by variation in field strength. Details of the design, fabrication, and working properties of such a modulator are presented.     

分立式与分布式光纤传感关键技术研究进展

光纤传感技术已广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、电子电力、土木工程、生物医药等领域,其技术形式主要体现为分立式和分布式.分立式光纤传感技术利用光纤敏感器件作为传感器来感知被测参量的变化,光纤作为光信号的传输通道连接光纤传感器及后端的解调装置;分布式光纤传感系统基于光纤瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应,利用光纤本身作为传感器,可对沿途的光信号进行大范围、长距离传感.本文介绍了分立式与分布式光纤传感中主要关键技术的研究进展,并对未来的研究和发展方向进行了探讨.     

Brillouin-based fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor with optical preamplification

Optical preamplification has been used in a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering and the use of direct detection, resulting in improved signal-to-noise ratios. The fiber-based optical preamplifier system comprises a three-port circulator, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier with a small-signal gain of 27 dB, and a fiber Bragg grating with 47-GHz bandwidth. An improvement of 17 dB in the optical signal-to-noise ratio for the Brillouin signal is demonstrated in a 23-km sensor. The limit to the signal-to-noise ratio is attributed to spontaneous-spontaneous beat noise generated at the photodetector by amplified spontaneous emission from the optical amplifier.     

Experimental investigation of the dilute magnetic fluid transparency in a permanent magnetic field

The variation of light transmission in a magnetite-like magnetic fluid diluted in kerosene under the action of a permanent magnetic field is studied. The change in the optical density versus the field strength for light directed normally and parallel to the field, as well as the dependence of this change versus the angle between the light and field directions, is found experimentally. The variation of the optical density is shown to be related to aggregates present in the magnetic fluid. The magnetic moment of the aggregate is calculated from the experimental data. The calculation results are supported by dynamic light scattering measurements.     

Demonstration of a directed optical encoder using microring-resonator-based optical switches

We propose and demonstrate a directed optical logic circuit that performs the encoding function from a 4 bit electrical signal to a 2 bit optical signal based on cascaded microring switches. The four logic input signals control the states of the switches, while the two logic outputs are given by the optical power at the output waveguides. For proof of concept, a thermo-optic switching effect is used with an operation speed of 10 kbps.     

All optical alternative approach of conducting NAND and NOR logic gates with phase encoding principle

All optical logic gates are the most important building blocks for conducting all optical digital and analog signal processing and computing. It has several uses in the high speed communication system. In last few years various non-linear properties of semiconductor optical amplifier have been utilized for realization of all optical logic gates exploiting different type's optical modulations. In such connection optical phase encoding technique drew more attention in last few years as it shows higher receiver sensitivity and extended tolerance limit in long-haul fiber transmission systems. In this communication the authors have proposed an alternative approach for conducting all optical logic gates with phase encoded inputs by the exploitation of the four wave mixing (FWM) property in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA).     

Dynamic rheological properties of viscoelastic magnetic fluids in uniform magnetic fields

The dynamic rheological properties of viscoelastic magnetic fluids in externally applied uniform magnetic fields are investigated by a laboratory-made cone-plate rheometer in this study. In particular, the effects of the magnetic field on the viscoelastic properties (the complex dynamic modulus) of the viscoelastic magnetic fluids are studied. In the investigation, three viscoelastic magnetic fluids are made by mixing a magnetic fluid and a viscoelastic fluid with different mass ratios. As a supplementation to the experimental investigation, a theoretical analysis is also presented. The present study shows that the viscosity and elasticity of the viscoelastic magnetic fluids are significantly influenced by the magnetic field and the concentrations of the magnetic particles in the test fluids. Theoretical analysis qualitatively explains the present findings.     

Optical-fiber-based Mueller optical coherence tomography

An optical-fiber-based multichannel polarization-sensitive Mueller optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was built to acquire the Jones or Mueller matrix of a scattering medium, such as biological tissue. For the first time to our knowledge, fiber-based polarization-sensitive OCT was dynamically calibrated to eliminate the polarization distortion caused by the single-mode optical fiber in the sample arm, thereby overcoming a key technical impediment to the application of optical fibers in this technology. The round-trip Jones matrix of the sampling fiber was acquired from the reflecting surface of the sample for each depth scan (A scan) with our OCT system. A new rigorous algorithm was then used to retrieve the calibrated polarization properties of the sample. This algorithm was validated with experimental data. The skin of a rat was imaged with this fiber-based system.     

Storage and long-distance distribution of telecommunications-band polarization entanglement generated in an optical fiber

We demonstrate storage of polarization-entangled photons for 125 micros, a record storage time to date, in a 25-km-long fiber spool, using a telecommunications-band fiber-based source of entanglement. With this source we also demonstrate distribution of polarization entanglement over 50 km by separating the two photons of an entangled pair and transmitting them individually over separate 25-km fibers. The measured two-photon fringe visibilities were 82% in the storage experiment and 86% in the distribution experiment. Preservation of polarization entanglement over such long-distance transmission demonstrates the viability of all-fiber sources for use in quantum memories and quantum logic gates.     

Optically controllable variable fiber optical attenuator integrated in conventional optical fiber

New type of optically controllable variable fiber optical attenuator based on thermo-optical effect in liquid cladding of optical fiber is described. The thermo-optical effect in liquid cladding optical fiber causes refractive index contrast changes in core–cladding interface, what enables to change the propagating optical signal power with temperature. The temperature change is achieved by fiber based heating element using laser radiation. Attenuation up to −12 dB was achieved in static dependence and dynamic response confirmed rise time up to 24 ms.     

A fiber-based single-unit dual-mode optical Imaging system: Swept source optical coherence tomography and fluorescence spectroscopy

We propose a fiber optic single-unit but dual-mode optical imaging system that can provide fast cross-sectional imaging capabilities of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and functional capabilities of fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). By adopting a fiber optic FS system into a fiber-based SS-OCT system, a compact and effective multimodal single-unit SSOCT-FS system is achieved. Here, the key element of the proposed multimodal imaging system is a specially designed fiber coupler based on double-clad fiber (DCF), which has only cladding-mode coupling capability. The DCF couplers are fabricated with home-drawn DCF by several fabrication methods; a twisting method, a side-polishing method and a fused biconical tapered (FBT) method. Experimentally, the FBT method provides rather flat cladding mode coupling efficiency over 40% in a wide wavelength range. With this specially designed DCF coupler, the OCT signal and the fluorescence signal is measured independently but with a single-unit system. The performance of the SSOCT-FS system is confirmed by measuring the cross-sectional image and the fluorescence signal of a photosensitizer chlorin e6 injected in-vivo rat tumor model.     

Optical-fiber-based powerful tools for living cell manipulation [Invited]

By using a specialty optical fiber, a series of powerful microparticle manipulation tools, including optical tweezers, a micro-optical hand, and an optical gun, are developed and demonstrated. In this paper,a review of our research activities on the optical manipulation of microparticles is presented. In particular,we will describe a kind of specialty optical fiber designed and fabricated for building optical trapping and manipulating tools. The performances of annular core fiber-based optical tweezers, a multicore fiber-based micro-optical hand, and a coaxial dual waveguide fiber-based optical gun are demonstrated as examples of applications and discussed in detail. The fiber can be used in cell manipulation in life science and drug response in medicine.     

Absolute fast axis determination using non-polarization-maintaining fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

We report on a new calibration technique that permits the accurate extraction of sample Jones matrix and hence fast-axis orientation by using fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) that is completely based on non-polarization-maintaining fiber such as SMF-28. In this technique, two quarter-wave plates (QWPs) are used to completely specify the parameters of the system fibers in the sample arm so that the Jones matrix of the sample can be determined directly. The device was validated on measurements of a QWP and an equine tendon sample by a single-mode fiber-based swept-source PS-OCT system.     

混沌信号在光纤传输过程中的非线性演化

对光纤混沌传输理论及混沌信号与光纤传输媒介相互作用的物理机制进行了理论研究. 通过耦合激光混沌系统和光纤传输信道，提出光纤混沌信号传输的非线性演化物理模型. 着重分析光纤自相位调制对激光混沌信号传输与演化的作用. 结果表明：自相位调制不影响混沌信号脉冲的形状，但能产生非线性相移使混沌信号频谱展宽；自相位调制不影响混沌信号脉冲的功率分布和场强分布，但能影响混沌信号脉冲的功率频谱分布，影响混沌信号光场以及慢变场的变化. 提出混沌信号在光纤传输中的非线性演化频率啁啾和形式，数值模拟了混沌信号在光纤传输过程中的相位、频谱、场以及场的慢变部分的相空间等演化形式和特点. 关键词： 混沌 光纤 传输 演化     

高灵敏度光纤弱磁传感器

本文报道了一种磁场检测灵敏度为10~(-5)Oe量级的光纤弱磁传感器。文中提供了传感头与检测系统的设计理论和方法。     

基于FPGA技术的加速器切束控制系统设计

针对加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)中强流质子直线加速器,即ADS注入器Ⅱ,设计了采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)切束技术的加速器快保护控制系统。当系统检测到束流异常故障信号时能快速切断束流,并上传故障信息,方便故障排查和后期数据分析。该控制器基于FPGA设计,可实现光纤通信、串口通信、逻辑电平信号输出等功能。其中,光纤通信功能用于控制斩波器电源快速切断束流;串口通信用于实时传输设备状态信息;逻辑电平信号输出用于控制继电器产生开关量信号去远程控制保护设备,以防止运行设备的损害。通过现场运行测试,切束响应时间在10 s之内,达到安全设计要求。