东方超环上低杂波驱动等离子体环向旋转实验研究

旋转和旋转剪切能抑制磁流体不稳定性和增强等离子体约束.低杂波电流驱动作为未来聚变堆上可能的旋转驱动手段,探索低杂波在现有托卡马克装置上驱动等离子体旋转的驱动机制,可以为未来的聚变堆上旋转预测提供重要参考.在东方超环托卡马克装置上,早期发现了2.45 GHz的低杂波能有效驱动等离子体旋转的现象,认为是边界旋转的改变导致芯部旋转的同电流方向的增加造成的.更高频率下4.6 GHz低杂波电流驱动可以更有效地驱动同电流方向的等离子体旋转.本论文分析在欧姆背景等离子体下,不同功率的低杂波对等离子体环向旋转的影响,研究安全因子剖面变化对环向旋转的关系,利用功率调制获得了低杂波驱动旋转实验中的环向动量输运系数变化情况,发现环向动量扩散系数(χφ)、环向动量箍缩系数(Vpinch)的数值大小趋势是从芯部向靠外的区域逐渐变大.这与低杂波驱动环向旋转时,环向旋转速度由靠外的区域向芯部传递的特性吻合.     

托卡马克高场侧低杂波电流驱动模拟研究

利用GENRAY/CQL3D程序研究了EAST装置双零位形下高场侧和低场侧发射低杂波的电流驱动情况.模拟发现,电子密度较小时,高场侧低杂波电流驱动效果不如低场侧.随着电子密度的增加,高场侧低杂波电流驱动的优势逐渐显现,从高场侧发射的低杂波可以将能量沉积在更加靠近等离子体中心的位置.提高环向磁场强度有利于低杂波在高密度条...     

低杂波电流驱动中径向扩散效应的数值模拟

应用改进后的程序详细计算了不同径向扩散系数对低杂波电流驱动剖面分布的影响。通过计算发现:考虑径向扩散效应后,驱动电流分布变平展宽,电流驱动的分布随着扩散系数的增大逐渐向外层移动,由局域性分布演化成非局域性分布;驱动电流的大小和效率随着扩散系数的增大而降低。     

HL-2A装置的LHCD运行区域与驱动电流分布控制

讨论了低杂波电流驱动（LHCD）实验中电流驱动效率、电流分布控制与等离子体参数和入射波谱的关系,以及波的可近性对确定功率沉积分布的作用。讨论了控制电流密度分布的方法及在HL－2A装置上实现中心负剪切位形的可能性。     

低杂波电流驱动中径向扩散效应的数值模拟

应用改进后的程序详细计算了不同径向扩散系数对低杂波电流驱动剖面分布的影响。通过计算发现:考虑径向扩散效应后，驱动电流分布变平展宽，电流驱动的分布随着扩散系数的增大逐渐向外层移动，由局域性分布演化成非局域性分布；驱动电流的大小和效率随着扩散系数的增大而降低。     

电子温度对HL－1托卡马克低杂波电流驱动的影响

本文利用较简单的计算模型计算低杂波沿射线轨迹的能量沉积和电流分布。结果表明，当等离子体中心电于温度不太高（Ｔｅ＜１ｋｅＶ）时，边缘冷等离子体区电子－离子碰撞吸收的能量占相当大的比例，因此电流驱动效率较低。提高中心和边缘电子温度，将较大幅度地增加低杂波电流驱动效率，从而可解释为什么在小托卡马克中低杂波电流驱动效率比在大、中型托卡马克中小得多。     

Observation of zero current density in the core of jet discharges with lower hybrid heating and current drive

Simultaneous current ramping and application of lower hybrid heating and current drive (LHCD) have produced a region with zero current density within measurement errors in the core ( r/a< or =0.2) of JET tokamak optimized shear discharges. The reduction of core current density is consistent with a simple physical explanation and numerical simulations of radial current diffusion including the effects of LHCD. However, the core current density is clamped at zero, indicating the existence of a physical mechanism which prevents it from becoming negative.     

Complete suppression of neoclassical tearing modes with current drive at the electron-cyclotron-resonance frequency in ASDEX upgrade tokamak

Noninductive current drive has been performed in the tokamak ASDEX upgrade by injection of radiofrequency waves at the second harmonic of the electron-cyclotron frequency in order to suppress unwanted disturbances of the magnetic-field configuration. The current has been driven parallel [co-electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD)] and antiparallel (counter-ECCD) to the plasma current to compare the effect of heating with direct current drive in the magnetic island. For the first time it has been shown experimentally that total stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes is possible with co-ECCD. The experiments verify the role of direct current drive as opposed to local heating.     

托卡马克等离子体LHCD与ECCD的协同作用

本文通过求解Fokker-Planck方程和射线追踪技术,详细研究了托卡马克等离子体中,低混杂波电流驱动(LHCD)与电子回旋波电流驱动(ECCD)的协同作用,结果表明,这种协同作用有利于用EC波驱动电流;捕获电子效应对电流驱动有一定影响,特别是O波弱场注入时,影响更为明显;驱动的电流对平衡磁场很敏感,磁场的大小也影响驱动电流的剖面。     

Hot electrical conductivity in lower hybrid current drive plasmas in the HT-7 tokamak

The interaction between the hot electrical conductivity and the residual electric field have been investigated in lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments with non-zero loop voltage in the HT-7 tokamak. It has been found that the hot electrical conductivity contribute significantly to the current drive in partial non-inductively sustained plasmas. The hot electrical conductivities under different lower hybrid power levels and different parallel refractive indexes have been obtained. It is comparable to the Spitzer conductivity in high power LHCD experiments.     

Toroidal rotation induced by 4.6 GHz lower hybrid current drive on EAST tokamak

Using a tangentially viewing x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, substantial co-current rotation driven by lower hybrid current drive(LHCD) at 4.6 GHz is observed on EAST tokamak. This study presents plasma rotation behaviors with 4.6 GHz LHCD injection. Typically, the 10-20 km/s co-current rotation change and the transport of rotation velocity from edge to core are observed. The relationship between plasma parameters and rotation is also investigated, indicating that rotation decreases with increasing internal inductance(l_i) and increases with increasing safety factor(q_0). Hysteresis between rotation and T_e plasma stored energy is observed, suggesting different response times between the electron heating and rotation acceleration by LHCD. A comparison between the rotations driven by 4.6 G LHCD and 2.45 G LHCD on EAST is also presented, in which higher frequency LHCD could induce more rotation changes.     

低混杂波电流驱动中原副边回路相互作用

本文用速度空间二维高速电子Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程和原、副边回路方程组成的方程组描述托卡马克装置低浊经杂民流驱动宏观参数，研究了低混杂波电流驱动中的电场效应和原、副边回路相互作用应用该程序，初步模拟了ＨＬ－１装置的ＬＨＣＤ实验。     

Study of Density Behavior During LHCD and IBW Heating in the HT-7 Superconducting Tokamak

A new method using special shape parameters has been introduced to study density behavior with synergy of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) and ion Bernstein wave (IBW) heating in the HT-7 superconducting tokamak. During the synergy of the LHCD and IBW heating an improved confinement plasma was achieved, and the electron density was increased and peaked.     

Effects of trapped electrons on off-axis lower hybrid current drive in tokamaks

The effects of trapped electrons on off-axis lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in tokamaks are studied, A computer code for solving the Fokker-Planck equation in a toroidal geometry is developed and employed. The code is suitable for various auxiliary heating and current drive schemes in tokamak plasmas. The influence of the resonance regime on the current drive efficiency as well as the influence of trapped particle fraction on the current drive efficiency are emphasized. It is shown that, as an electrostatic force, the lower hybrid wave causes some of the trapped electrons to be untrapped and lose their energy, which can cut the LHCD efficiency by about 30%. The ITER scaling law is also used to estimate the trapped electron effects.[第一段]     

电流驱动对磁岛的稳定化

大破裂限定了托卡马克的运行。实验指出，撕裂模或者说磁岛的发展是这种大破裂的主要原因。考虑到无感电流驱动效应，我们重新推导了电阻撕裂模的三维非线性方程组?数值计算表明，跟随磁岛旋转的ＲＦ波电流驱动有效地抑制磁岛的发展。     

俘获电子效应对低杂波电流驱动的影响

利用的程序是基于FASTFP开发的RFP准线性Fokker-Planck程序，该程序适用于各种辅助加热和电流驱动的动力学计算.利用开发的编码对低杂波在托卡马克等离子体中的吸收和驱动效率进行了Fokker-Planck计算，考查了环形托卡马克装置的纵横比对波功率沉积和电流驱动效率产生的作用.研究表明，俘获电子效应对低杂波电流驱动的影响与波驱动的功率谱结构有关.俘获电子的平行速度较低，优化的功率谱可以在共振的电子数和俘获电子之间取得折中.俘获电子效应可以使低杂波电流驱动效率减小30%. 关键词： Fokker-Planck方程 俘获电子效应 低杂波电流驱动     

HL－1M感应与低杂波组合电流驱动研究

本文结合ＨＬ－１Ｍ的基本参数，利用准线性的低杂波电流驱动理论和等离子体的电回路方程．研究了在控制等离子体总电流不变情形下欧姆感应和低杂波注入组合驱动电流的问题。结果表明，这一组合驱动方案对ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置的运行是可行的，其驱动电流分布可以通过改变低杂波注入功率、波谱形状、等离子体电子温度、密度以及总等离子体电流等加以控制。组合驱动的电流分布将优于欧姆驱动的电流分布，并可能抑制诸如锯齿振荡等一些ＭＨＤ不稳定性。     

HT-7托卡马克大功率低混杂波电流驱动的实验研究

在HT-7超导托卡马克成功进行了大功率（P_LHW=100—800 kW,f=2.45 GHz）低混杂波电流驱动实验.研究了不同入射功率和等离子体密度下的低混杂波电流驱动效率.获得了以平均电子密度增加、氘阿尔法（D_α）线辐射减少为特征的粒子约束改善;粒子约束时间τ_p增加了约1.5倍.仔细研究了能量约束时间与等离子体密度和低混杂波功率的关系. 关键词： 托卡马克 低混杂波 约束改善 电流驱动效率     

Stabilization of tearing mode by current drive

The major disruption limits the operation of present tokamaks. Experimental evidences point out that the growth of tearing modes or the magnetic islands is primarily responsible for the occurrence. Taking the non-inductive current drive effects into account, a set of 3D nonlinear equation is derived. It is shown from simulation that the growth of the magnetic island is suppressed effectively by RF current drive. It is consistent with recent experiments on the HL-1 tokamak in which the plasma is stabilized by an RF current drive.     

低杂波电流驱动的数值模拟

通过求解二维FokkerPlanck方程,得到了HT7托卡马克低杂波驱动电流随时间的演化关系及其空间分布,理论值与实验结果基本符合,为HT7托卡马克实验提供了理论依据.通过解电流扩散方程,考虑了快电子的径向扩散效应对驱动电流的影响 关键词： 低杂波电流驱动 数值模拟 径向扩散