基于矩阵变换的空间刚架内力图和位移图绘制

利用三维图形的矩阵变换原理,将单元内力和位移绘图数据进行伸缩、旋转和平移变换,在Matlab中实现了空间刚架内力图和位移图的绘制.本文提出的绘图方法可用于杆系结构有限元计算结果的图形显示.     

基于非线性梁理论的有限质点法

有限质点法是以向量式力学为基础,用有限数量的质点来模拟结构的变形行为,质点的运动由牛顿运动定律来计算。在有限质点法中,质点通过构件相连,构件约束着质点的运动,并且其内力由质点的运动变量来描述。基于向量式力学的基本思想和非线性梁理论,提出了一种新的有限质点法,该方法在共旋单元坐标系中描述梁的非线性变形。以空间梁系结构为例,推导了计算构件内力的非线性公式,并考虑了弯扭耦合变形。通过两个连续欧拉角的变换公式得到共旋坐标系的旋转矩阵。与传统的有限质点法相比,本文提出的方法避免了刚体虚转动分析。通过四个结构的数值求解,验证了本文方法在计算结构大变形响应时具有较高的精度。     

基于ANSYS二次开发的几何非线性平面梁单元

共旋坐标法(C.R法)具有在局部坐标系考虑材料非线性,通过局部坐标系与结构坐标系之间内力和切线刚度矩阵的转换矩阵来考虑几何非线性,从而实现两种非线性脱耦的优点,C.R法相对于其它非线性有限元列式而言较少运用于商业程序.本文利用ANSYS平台提供的单元二次开发工具——用户可编程特性(UPFs),开发了基于C.R法的几何非...     

弯矩图确定后轴力不能直接解算问题的探讨

某些超静定结构,当弯矩图确立后,应用静力平衡条件无法实现对整个结构的支座反力 及内力的完全解算. 通过对此类结构受力特征的分析,定义出现此类情况结构的基本特征, 并在结构力学范畴内,对比可以解决此类问题的计算方法,提出解决思路,给出简便的解算 公式.     

一种环形张拉整体结构找形与应用

提出了一种由多个4压杆、12拉杆单元环向均匀布置构成的环形张拉整体结构,并对其拓扑结构和找形方法进行了研究。找形分三步:先根据建筑要求建立环形张拉整体结构初始构形;再对初始构形的拉杆逐级施加初应变,进行几何非线性分析;根据位移-初应变曲线和拉力-初应变曲线折点位置确定张拉整体结构自平衡构形,完成结构找形。在初应变不足0.2%的前提下,结构达到内力自平衡状态,实现结构找形,并得到自平衡内力。本文提出的环形张拉整体结构找形过程直观、可控,收敛速度快。2019北京世界园艺博览会比利时馆采用了该环形张拉整体结构,本文以此工程为例,介绍了环形张拉整体结构的找形过程,分析了自平衡构形内力和结构自重下的内力与变形。     

剪力公式的论证与应用

在结构力学中对梁和刚架绘制内力图时一般是先绘制弯矩图,再绘制剪力图. 根据上述特点,寻求了一种应用弯矩图绘制剪力图的数值方法,即剪力公式. 该公式主要特点是：把剪力计算的平衡问题转化为几何问题. 并且通过例题的应用,叙述了剪力公式的使用方法.适用于静定结构和超静定结构.     

结构影响图的有限元方法

本文提出了一种计算任意结构位移和内力影响图的有限元算法。     

空间杆系结构实用几何非线性分析

从简单实用的角度论述了空间杆系结构的几何非线性分析方法。文中分析了非线性有限元方法的求解过程,特别强调决定几何非线性收敛结果的关键问题,即由节点位移增量计算单元的内力增量。通过引入转随转坐标系,论述了平面和空间梁单元小应变时单元内力增量的计算问题。针对杆系结构的大应变问题,从有限应变理论出发进行分析,提出了对该问题的有效处理方法,并且用实例进行了验证。计算结果表明,该实用几何非线性分析方法是可靠和有效的。     

结构影响图有限元方法

本提出了一种计算任意结构和内力影响图的有限元算法。     

公路桥梁内力包络图的仿真计算

移动荷载作用下的内力包络图的计算是一个典型的可以用计算机仿真解决的问题．用计算机模拟汽车荷载在公路桥梁上以小步长移动,每一步画出桥梁结构的内力图．当汽车荷载通过桥梁时,这些内力图将填充成一个区域．这个区域的上、下边界线就是桥梁结构的内力包络图．内力包络图的算法不依赖影响线的概念,在理论和实践上,简化了内力包络图的计算．     

Estimates for Some Functionals for Open Sets

We solve new extremal problems of nonoverlapping domains with free poles on rays. Similar results are obtained for open sets. __________ Translated from Neliniini Kolyvannya, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 147–153, April–June, 2005.     

Convexity conditions for strain-dependent energy functions for membranes

The forms that the convexity, polyconvexity, and rank-one convexity inequalities take when the strain energy is required to be a function of the strain G are studied. It is shown in particular that W(G) must be an increasing function of G, in the sense that W(G)W(G) if G – G is non-negative definite. Relatively simple sufficient conditions in terms of G alone are given. Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of G alone are found to be rather complex.     

Dimensions of attractors for discretizations for Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, we discretize the 2-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the periodic boundary condition by the finite difference method. We prove that with a shift for discretization, the global solutions exist. After proving some discrete Sobolev inequalities in the sense of finite differences, we prove the existence of the global attractors of the discretized system, and we estimate the upper bounds for the Hausdorff and the fractal dimensions of the attractors. These bounds are indepent of the mesh sizes and are considerably close to those of the continuous version.     

A method for deriving hydrodynamic equations for complicated systems

A general algorithm is proposed for constructing a uniformly valid asymptotic solution of the kinetic equations under conditions when the number of slowly varying macroscopic variables is greater than the number of integral invariants of the collision operator. The case of a chemically reacting gas mixture is considered, and a method for constructing the asymptotic solution for this case is described. The hydrodynamic equations for reacting and relaxing gas mixtures are described in general form and it is noted that consistent allowance for the disequilibrium of the reaction and relaxation processes leads to the appearance in the hydrodynamic equations of a number of additional terms, which describe the dependence of the rates of these processes on the spatial derivatives of the hydrodynamic variables.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 96–105, May–June, 1981.     

理想桁架计算模式的精确性分析

通过对典型钢桁架因结点刚性所产生的次应力的计算,分析了理想桁架计算模式的精确程度,据此提出了钢桁架焊接设计的改进建议,并将其应用到教学实践中.     

A new algorithm for workspace analysis for robot manipulators

Summary A new algorithm to determine the workspace of a robot manipulator is presented in this paper. The method is based on the concept of dividing the robot structure into a regional structure and an orientational structure and is much more efficient than many methods currently available. Another advantage is that the method is expedient to plot the contours of the workspace of a robot manipulator on an arbitrarily defined plane or determine the extreme points along a general direction. The problem of determining subspaces of different joint configurations is also addressed and a method to compute them is proposed. Since for an ordinary industrial robot the regional structure is usually solvable to the first three joint variables, the method proposed is efficient computationally. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by some numeric examples.

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Sommario Nel lavoro viene presentato un nuovo algoritmo per determinare il campo di lavoro di un manipolatore robotico. Il metodo utilizza il concetto di dividere la struttura del manipolatore ad una struttura regionale ed una struttura orientamentale ed è molto più efficace di molti metodi esistenti. Un altro vantaggio del metodo è che esso è conveniente per disegnare i contorni del campo di lavoro su un piano specificato arbitrariamente oppure per determinare i punti estremi lungo una direzione generale. Nel lavoro è studiato anche il problema di determinare i sottospazi di configurazioni diverse dei giunti e viene presentato un metodo per calcolarli. Siccome per un robot industriale la struttura regionale è normalmente risolubile per le prime tre variabili dei giunti, il metodo presentato è molto efficace computazionalmente. L'applicabilità del metodo è dimostrata da qualche esempio numerico.

     

Discrete-layer models for multilayered shells accounting for interlayer continuity

Based on adiscrete-layer approach, in a recent series of papers, the first author has developed the equations governing the elastodynamic behaviour of moderately thick multilayered anisotropic plates by making use of a displacement field which allows a non-linear variation of the in-plane displacements through the laminate thickness and fulfilsa priori the static and geometric continuity conditions at the interfaces between two adjacent layers. Based on this approach, in the present paper we derive the equations of motion and variationally consistent boundary conditions of moderately multilayered anisotropic shells. To show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach, closed-form solutions are given and compared with results from three-dimensional elasticity and other approximate bi-dimensional models with and without continuous interlayer stresses. Based on this numerical investigation, the proposed approach appears to work very well.

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Sommario Facendo uso di un approccio del tipodiscrete-layer, in una recente serie di lavori, il primo autore ha rieavato le equazioni del moto indefinite e le condizioni al contorno per piastre anisotrope multistrato, moderatamente spesse. L'approccio si basa sull'assunzione di una legge di variazione degli spostamenti secondo il piano tangente alla superficie media, ottenuta sovrapponendo una legge cubica ad una legge continua lineare a tratti; in tal modo risultano soddisfatte le condizioni di continuitá degli spostamenti e delle tensioni tangenziali all'interfaccia tra due strati. Nel presente lavoro, tale approccio viene esteso al caso di gusci multistrato anisotropi, moderatamente spessi. La validitá dell'approccio proposto viene suffragata mediante confronti numerici con risultati, reperiti in letteratura, ottenuti utilizzando o la teoria dell'elasticitá tridimensionale o altri modelli bidimensionali piú o meno sofisticati.

     

离散元数值模拟中查找邻居元关系的改进算法

离散元方法是近年发展起来的有前途的新概念数值模拟方法,然而查找邻居元关系耗费大量机时和内存。本文引入一种改进算法-“区域法”,并对其原理、算法、运行时间和空间进行了分析。和原算法中的“窗口法”的比较结果表明,新算法在运行时间和空间方面均明显优于原算法。     

A new approach for failure criterion for sheet metals

The interpretation of sheet forming simulations relies on failure criteria to define the limits of metal deformation. The common requirements for these criteria across a broad range of application areas have not yet been satisfied or fully identified, and a single criterion to satisfy all needs has not been developed. Areas where existing criteria appear to be lacking are in the comprehension of the effects of non-proportional loading, general non-planar and triaxial stress loading, and process and material mechanisms that differentiate between necking and fracture. This study was mainly motivated to provide an efficient method for the analysis of necking and fracture limits for sheet metals. In this paper, a model for the necking limit is combined with a model for the fracture limit in the principal stress space by employing a stress-based forming limit curve (FLC) and the maximum shear stress (MSS) criterion. A new metal failure criterion for in-plane isotropic metals is described, based on and validated by a set of critical experiments. This criterion also takes into consideration of the stress distribution through the thickness of the sheet metal to identify the mode of failure, including localized necking prior to fracture, surface cracking, and through-thickness fracture, with or without a preceding neck. The fracture model is also applied to the openability of a food can for AA 5182. The predicted results show very good agreement with the experimentally observed data.