La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3－α陶瓷的质子导电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3－a陶瓷样品, 用XRD, DSC-TGA, SEM, 交流阻抗谱, 气体浓差电池及气体电化学透过等方法对样品的结构和性质进行了表征和测试. 首次对该样品的质子导电性能进行了研究. 该陶瓷样品具有良好的微观结构, 相对密度达95.1%; 氢浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合, 离子迁移数为1; 在干燥的氧气气氛中是一个纯的氧离子导体; 氢的电化学透过速率的实测值与理论值吻合, 证明该样品在氢气气氛中几乎是一个纯的质子导体, 质子电导率在1000 ℃时高达0.14 S•cm^－1.     

Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-α的离子导电性

用高温固相反应法制备了Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α，X–射线衍射表明，该材料为单相钙钛矿型斜方晶结构。以该材料为固体电解质，多孔性铂为电极，用气体浓差电池方法和交流阻抗谱方法分别测定了材料在600 ~ 1000℃温度范围，潮湿氢气、干燥和潮湿的空气中的离子迁移数和电导率，研究了该材料的离子导电性，并与BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α作了比较。结果表明，在600 ~ 700 ℃、潮湿氢气中，Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α是纯的质子导体，质子迁移数为1；在800 ~ 1000 ℃，是质子和电子的混合导体，质子迁移数为0.97 ~ 0.93。而BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α在潮湿氢气中几乎是纯的质子导体，在600 ~ 900 ℃，质子迁移数为1；在1000 ℃，质子迁移数为为0.99。在600 ~ 1000℃温度范围内、干燥的空气中，它们都是氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体，氧离子迁移数分别为0.24 ~ 0.33和0.17 ~ 0.30；在潮湿的空气中，它们都是质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体，质子迁移数分别为0.11 ~ 0.00 和0.09 ~ 0.01，氧离子迁移数分别为0.41 ~ 0.33和0.27 ~ 0.30。在潮湿的氢气和空气中，在600 ~ 800 ℃温度范围内，Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α的质子电导率高于BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α，但在800 ~ 1000 ℃温度范围内，Ba_0.95Ce_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α的质子电导率则低于BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α。在600 ~ 1000 ℃温度范围内、潮湿和干燥的空气中，氧离子电导率总是高于BaCe_0.8Ho_0.2O_3-α。     

La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3－α陶瓷的质子导电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3－a陶瓷样品, 用XRD, DSC-TGA, SEM, 交流阻抗谱, 气体浓差电池及气体电化学透过等方法对样品的结构和性质进行了表征和测试. 首次对该样品的质子导电性能进行了研究. 该陶瓷样品具有良好的微观结构, 相对密度达95.1%; 氢浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合, 离子迁移数为1; 在干燥的氧气气氛中是一个纯的氧离子导体; 氢的电化学透过速率的实测值与理论值吻合, 证明该样品在氢气气氛中几乎是一个纯的质子导体, 质子电导率在1000 ℃时高达0.14 S•cm^－1.     

SrCe0.90Gd0.10O3固体电解质燃料电池性能研究

以固相反应方法制备了SrCe     

BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-α固体电解质的离子导电性及其燃料电池性能

用高温固相反应合成了BaCe08Y02O3-α固体电解质,用氢浓差电池和氧浓差电池方法研究了它的离子导电特性.以该氧化物为固体电解质,多孔性Pt为电极材料,组成氢-空气燃料电池,测定了该燃料电池的电流-电压特性.研究发现,BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-α在氢气中几乎是一个纯的质子导体,在氧气中是一个氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,其燃料电池的开路电压(OCV)接近于理论值,最大输出电流密度约为820mA@cm-2(1000℃),最大输出功率密度约为200mW@cm-2(1000℃),放电性能稳定,具有良好的电池性能.     

BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ柠檬酸盐法合成、表征及其在中温区的电导率

A precursor of BaCe_0.9Nd_0.1O_3-δ solid electrolyte was synthesized by the sol-gel method and sintered at 1400℃.The obtained gels and powder were characterized by differential and ther mogravimetric thermal analysis(TG-DTA),X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmissi on electron microscopy(TEM).Using the sintered samples as solid electrolyte and silver-palladium alloy as electrodes,electrical conductivities under different gas ambiences at intermediate temperature (400～600℃) were measured. In moist hydrogen atmosphere, the conduction is a little higher than that of dry hydrogen atmosphere. In hydrogen atmosphere, proton conduction may predominate, leading to an increase in conductivity and a decrease in activation energy.     

固体电解质BaxCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α的导电性及其燃料电池性能

用高温固相反应法合成了BaxCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α(x=1.03,1,0.97)系列固体电解质,粉末XRD结果表明,各材料均为钙钛矿型斜方晶单相结构.用交流阻抗谱技术研究了材料在600-1000℃下、湿润氢气和湿润空气气氛中的导电性;研究了它们的氢-空气燃料电池性能:讨论了材料的非化学计量组成对其电性能的影响.结果表明,在600-1 000℃温度范围内、湿润氢气和湿润空气气氛中.该系列材料的电导率随温度和钡离子含量的变化均与以该系列材料为固体电解质的氢-空气燃料电池性能随温度和钡离子含量变化的次序一致,即:非化学计量组成材料BaxCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α(x=1.03,0.97)具有较化学计量组成材料BaxCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α(x=1)高的电导率和氢-空气燃料电池输出功率密度,其中BaxCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α有最高的电导率(1000℃时、在湿润的氢气气氛中:2.10×10-2 S·cm-1;在湿润的空气气氛中:3.46×10-2S·cm-1)和最大的氢-空气燃料电池输出功率密度(1 000℃时:122 mW·cm-2).     

SrCe0.9Yb0.1O3-α陶瓷的导电性

以高温固相反应法合成了质子导电性氧化物陶瓷SrCe0.9Yb0.1O3-α.粉末XRD结果表明,该陶瓷样品为单一斜方相钙钛矿型结构.以陶瓷样品为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极,采用交流阻抗谱技术和气体浓差电池方法分别测定了样品在600～1000 ℃下、干燥空气及湿润氢气中的电导率及离子迁移数,研究了样品的离子导电特性.结果表明,在600～1000 ℃下干燥空气中,陶瓷样品的最大电导率为0.026 S·cm-1,氧离子迁移数为0.03～0.2,是一个氧离子与空穴的混合导体;在湿润氢气中,陶瓷样品的最大电导率为0.015 S·cm-1. 600～800 ℃时,陶瓷样品的质子迁移数为1,是一个纯的质子导体,而在900～1000 ℃时,陶瓷样品的质子迁移数为0.91～0.97,是一个质子与电子的混合导体,质子电导占主导.     

La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-α的微乳液法合成及其质子导电性研究

采用微乳液法合成了La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-α的共沉淀前驱体，经初烧和烧结后制得La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-α陶瓷样品，TEM和SEM分析结果表明陶瓷样品具有良好的微观结构，XRD分析结果表明陶瓷样品已形成了单相的LaGaO₃钙钛     

质子导体BaCe0.8Lu0.2O3-α的电性能

采用高温固相法制备了BaCe_0.8Lu_0.2O_3-α质子导体。运用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对该材料的物相结构、微观形貌进行了表征。在500~900℃温度范围内,应用交流阻抗谱和气体浓差电池方法研究了材料在不同气体气氛中的离子导电性和氢-空气燃料电池性能。结果表明,BaCe_0.8Lu_0.2O_3-α材料为单一斜方晶结构,具有良好的致密性。在500~900℃温度范围内,干燥或湿润的氮气、空气和氧气中,材料的电导率随着氧分压增大稍有增大。在湿润的氢气中,材料表现为纯的质子导电性。在以该材料为固体电解质的氢-空气燃料电池条件下,材料表现为质子、氧离子和电子的混合导电性,其中离子导电性始终占主导;氢-空气燃料电池在900℃下的最大输出功率密度为92.2mW·cm^-2,高于我们以前报道的BaCe_0.8RE_0.2O_3-α（RE=Pr,Eu,Ho,Er,等）材料。     

Ba1.03Ce0.8 Ho0.2O3-α固体电解质的制备和电性能

采用高温固相反应法制备了非化学计量组成的Ba1.03Ce0.8 Ho0.2O3-α 固体电解质,用XRD和SEM对其相组成和表面及断面形貌进行了表征。用气体浓差电池方法测定了材料在600～1000 ℃温度范围内,干燥空气、湿润空气和湿润氢气气氛中的离子迁移数;用交流阻抗谱技术测定了它们在各实验气氛中的电导率。研究了材料的离子导电特性,并与BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α 和Ba0.97Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-α 的性能进行了比较。结果表明：该材料为单相钙钛矿型斜方晶结构。在600～1000 ℃温度范围内、干燥空气中,是氧离子与电子空穴的混合导体,氧离子迁移数为0.10～0.36;在湿润空气中,是质子、氧离子与电子空穴的混合导体,质子迁移数为0.11～0.01,氧离子迁移数为0.34～0.30;在湿润氢气气氛中,是纯质子导体,质子迁移数为1。在600～1000 ℃温度范围内,干燥空气、湿润空气和湿润氢气气氛中,非化学计量组成材料(x = 1.03,0.97)的电导率高于化学计量组成材料(x = 1)的电导率,其中,Ba1.03Ce0.8 Ho0.2O3-α的电导率最高 (1000 ℃时、在干燥空气气氛中：3.92×10-2 S·cm-1;在湿润空气气氛中：3.46×10-2 S·cm-1;在湿润氢气气氛中：2.10×10-2 S·cm-1)。Ba1.03Ce0.8 Ho0.2O3-α材料的离子导电性优于BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-α 和Ba0.97Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-α。     

Ionic Conduction and Application of Ba1.03Ce0.8Tm0.2O3−α Ceramic

Ba_1.03Ce_0.8Tm_0.2O_3?α ceramic with orthorhombic perovskite structure was prepared by conventional solid‐state reaction. The conductivity and ionic transport number of Ba_1.03Ce_0.8Tm_0.2O_3?α were measured by ac impedance spectroscopy and gas concentration cell methods in the temperature range of 500–900°C in wet hydrogen and wet air. Using the ceramic as solid electrolyte and porous platinum as electrodes, the hydrogen‐air fuel cell was constructed, and the cell performance was examined at 500–900°C. The results indicate that the specimen is a pure ionic conductor with the ionic transport number of 1 at 500–900°C in wet hydrogen. In wet air, the specimen is a mixed conductor of proton, oxide ion and electron hole. The protonic transport numbers are 0.071–0.018, and the oxide ionic transport numbers are 0.273–0.365. The conductivities of Ba_1.03Ce_0.8Tm_0.2O_3?α under wet hydrogen, wet air or fuel cell atmosphere are higher than those of Ba_1.03Ce_0.8RE_0.2O_3?α (RE?Y, Eu, Ho) reported previously by us. The fuel cell can work stably. At 900°C, the maximum power output density is 122.7 mW·cm^?2, which is higher than that of our previous cell using Ba_1.03Ce_0.8RE_0.2O_3?α (RE?Y, Eu, Ho) as electrolyte.     

Ionic Conduction in Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-α

Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-a was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction （XRD） pattern showed that the material was of a single perovskite-type orthorhombic phase. Using the material as solid electrolyte and porous platinum as electrodes, the measurements of ionic transport number and conductivity of Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-a were performed by gas concentration cell and ac impedance spectroscopy methods in the temperature range of 600---1000 ℃in wet hydrogen, dry and wet air respectively. Ionic conduction of the material was investigated and compared with that of BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-a. The results indicated that Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-a was a pure protonic conductor with the protonic transport number of 1 during 600---700℃ in wet hydrogen, a mixed conductor of protons and electrons with the protonic transport number of 0.97--0.93 in 800---1000 ℃. But BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-a was almost a pure protonic conductor with the protonic transport number of 1 in 600---900 ℃ and 0.99 at 1000 ℃ in wet hydrogen. In dry air and in the temperature range of 600---1000 ℃, they were both mixed conductors of oxide ions and electronic holes, and the oxide-ionic transport numbers were 0.24--0.33 and 0.17--0.30 respectively. In wet air and in the temperature range of 600---1000 ℃, they were both mixed conductors of protons, oxide ions and electronic holes, the protonic transport numbers were 0.11--0.00 and 0.09--0.01 respectively, and the oxide-ionic transport numbers were 0.41--0.33 and 0.27--0.30 respectively. Protonic conductivity of Ba0.95Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-a in both wet hydrogen and wet air was higher than that of BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-a in 600--- 800 ℃, but lower in 900--1000 ℃. Oxide-ionic conductivity of the material was higher than that of BaCe0.8Ho0.2O3-a in both dry air and wet air in 600---1000 ℃.     

Chemical Stability,Ionic Conductivity of BaCe0.9−xZrxSm0.10O3−α and Its Application to Ammonia Synthesis at Atmospheric Pressure

Dense ceramic samples BaCe_0.9?xZr_xSm_0.10O_3?α (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30) were obtained by heat‐treating the precursors prepared from a coprecipitation route. The phase structure, chemical stability and conduction behaviors of the ceramic samples have been investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction and alternating current impedance spectroscopy methods. All the ceramic samples displayed a single phase of orthorhombic perovskite. The samples with x≧0.20 were relatively stable after exposed to the flowing mixed gases: CO₂ +H₂O+N₂ at 873 K for 12 h. Among the samples tested, the sample with x=0.20 exhibited both adequate conductivity and better chemical stability. The contribution of different charged species for x=0.20 sample to the conduction in wet hydrogen atmosphere was investigated by means of gas concentration cells. It was found that the sample of x=0.20 was almost a pure ionic conductor, and the ionic conduction was contributed mainly by proton and partially by oxide ion in wet hydrogen atmosphere at 773–1073 K. The ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure in an electrolytic cell based on the sample of x=0.20 was successfully conducted and the peak ammonia formation rate achieved 2.67×10^?9 mol·s^?1·cm^?2 with direct current of 0.80 mA at 773 K.     

Chemical Stability and Electrical Property of BaCe0.7Zr0.2Nd0.1O3-α Ceramic

BaCe_0.7Zr_0.2Nd_0.1O_3?α ceramic was prepared by solid state reaction. Phase composition, surface and fracture morphologies of the material were characterized by using XRD and SEM, respectively. Chemical stability against carbon dioxide and water steam at the high temperature was tested. The conductivity and ionic transport number of the material were measured by ac impedance spectroscopy and gas concentration cell methods in the temperature range of 500–900°C in wet hydrogen and wet air, respectively. Using the ceramic as solid electrolyte and porous platinum as electrodes, the hydrogen‐air fuel cell was constructed, and the cell performance at the temperature from 500 to 900°C was examined. The results indicate that BaCe_0.7Zr_0.2Nd_0.1O_3?α was a single phase perovskite‐type orthorhombic system, with high density and good chemical stability in carbon dioxide and water steam atmospheres at the high temperature. The conductivity of the material in wet hydrogen and wet air was increased as the temperature rises. In wet hydrogen, the material was a pure protonic conductor with the protonic transport number of 1 from 500 to 600°C, a mixed conductor of proton and electron with the protonic transport number of 0.973–0.955 from 700 to 900°C. In wet air, the material was a mixed conductor of proton, oxide ion and electron hole. The protonic transport numbers were 0.002–0.003, and the oxide ionic transport numbers were 0.124–0.179. The fuel cell could work stably. At 900°C, the maximum short‐circuit current density and power output density were 156 mA·cm^?2 and 40 mW·cm^?2, respectively.     

La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8的电化学性质及其在SOFC中的应用

采用凝胶浇注法制备具有较高氧离子电导率的固体电解质La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8粉料.X射线衍射结果表明,于1400℃焙烧后即形成了钙钛矿结构,无杂相存在.探讨了粉料压制坯体的致密化和导电性能在1450℃下与烧结时间的关系,发现烧结时间为18h时其相对密度达98.3%,而在24h的情况下,样品具有最佳的氧离子导电性.采用Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9作为阳极,La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.6Ni0.4O2.7作为阴极,组装了平板型固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC).阳极和阴极分别通入含3%H2O的氢气和空气,750℃时的开路电压为1.04V,最大输出功率密度(P)达252mW/cm2(U=0.48V,J=525mA/cm2).     

制备方法对 LaMn0.8Mg0.2O3 钙钛矿型氧化物催化甲烷燃烧反应性能的影响

 分别采用甘氨酸硝酸盐法、溶胶凝胶法、共沉淀法、燃烧法以及水热法制备了钙钛矿型 LaMn0.8Mg0.2O3 复合氧化物, 用 X 射线衍射、红外光谱、H2 程序升温还原和低温 N2 吸附对其进行了表征, 并考察了其对甲烷燃烧的催化活性. 结果表明, 制备方法和焙烧温度对 LaMn0.8Mg0.2O3 钙钛矿型催化剂的结构、晶粒大小和不同类型的氧物种影响很大. 以甘氨酸硝酸盐法制备的钙钛矿型催化剂经 700 °C 焙烧后表现出最高的催化活性, T50 (甲烷转化率达到 50% 时的温度) 仅为 440 °C. 这归结于它较小的晶粒尺寸 (12.4 nm) 和较大的比表面积 (18.6 m2/g), 以及催化剂表面富集的 Mn4+, 从而使表面氧物种更容易移动和/或更具有反应活性.     

Ceramic Filter Balls Loaded with α-Fe2O3 and Their Application to NH3-N Wastewater Treatment

Hydrolysis reaction of Fe(NO₃)₃ at a high temperature in the presence of urea as the homogeneous precipitant was studied. With the prepared ceramic filter balls loaded with α-Fe₂O₃ after high temperature calcination, the loading of α-Fe₂O₃ on the porous ceramic filter balls from Fe(NO₃)₃ solutions of different concentrations and mechanical stability of the loaded α-Fe₂O₃ were studied. The product was characterized using XRD and SEM. Adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the product in adsorbing NH₃-N. It turned out that the specific surface area of the ceramic filter balls loaded with α-Fe₂O₃ had increased to 36.5387 m²/g from original 4.6127 m²/g. When the concentration of Fe(NO₃)₃ was 0.40 mol/L, the loading of α-Fe₂O₃ on the ceramic filter balls accounted for 8.4% of the total mass of the adsorbent and α-Fe₂O₃ was adsorbed on the filter balls very well. The adsorption isotherm of NH₃-N on the ceramic filter ball adsorbent loaded with α-Fe₂O₃ was of Langmuir type. The saturated adsorption capacity was 3.33 mg/L, and the adsorption constant K was 0.1873. NH₃-N was adsorbed by α-Fe₂O₃ more easily, which was a kind of specific adsorption.     

胆甾-4α-甲基-8-烯-3β，7α-二醇二乙酸酯的结构与性质研究

Lophenol, cholest-4α-methyl-7-en-3β-ol (1), obtained from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen, was structurally modified. It was acetylated to protect 3β-hydroxyl group, and then oxidised by selenium dioxide in acetic acid to give cholest-4a-methyl-8-en-3β, Ta-diol diacetate (3). This compound 3 is unstable in chloroform solution or when heated and easily converted to a diene compound, cholest-4a-methyl-7,14-dien-3β-ol acetate (4). The structures of 3 and 4 were elucidated by means of IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and MS, and the absolute configuration of 3 was established by X-ray crystallography. The property of 3 was also discussed in this paper. Both 3 and 4 are new compounds and were reported for the first time.     

Structure and redox properties of CexPr1−xO2−δ mixed oxides and their catalytic activities for CO, CH3OH and CH4 combustion

A series of Ce_xPr_1−xO_2−δ mixed oxides were synthesized by a sol–gel method and characterized by Raman, XRD and TPR techniques. The oxidation activity for CO, CH₃OH and CH₄ on these mixed oxides was investigated. When the value x was changed from 1.0 to 0.8, only a cubic phase CeO₂ was observed. The samples were greatly crystallized in the range of the value x from 0.99 to 0.80, which is due to the formation of solid solutions caused by the complete insertion of Pr into the CeO₂ crystal lattices. Raman bands at 465 and 1150 cm⁻¹ in Ce_xPr_1−xO_2−δ samples are attributed to the Raman active F_2g mode of CeO₂. The broad band at around 570 cm⁻¹ in the region of 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.99 can be linked to oxygen vacancies. The new band at 195 cm⁻¹ may be ascribed to the asymmetric vibration caused by the formation of oxygen vacancies. The TPR profile of Pr₆O₁₁ shows two reduction peaks and the reduction process is followed: . The reduction temperature of Ce_xPr_1−xO_2−δ mixed oxides is lower than those of Pr₆O₁₁ or CeO₂. TPR results indicate that Ce_xPr_1−xO_2−δ mixed oxides have higher redox properties because of the formation of Ce_xPr_1−xO_2−δ solid solutions. The presence of the oxygen vacancies favors CO and CH₃OH oxidation, while the activity of CH₄ oxidation is mostly related to reduction temperatures and redox properties.