石墨炉原子吸收法加基体改进剂测定海带中铅

采用NH4NO3-PdCl2-Mg(NO3):基体改进荆,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定海带中的铅,克服了海带中高盐份的干扰.通过比较了几种不同改进荆消除基体干扰的效果,确定采用NH4NO3-PdCl2-Mg(NO3)2基体改进剂,灰化温度为1200 ℃和原子化温度为1800℃的实验条件.实验表明:可以消除海带中高盐份的干扰,回收率87%～110%.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定黑花生中的硒

该文以转基因食品黑花生为研究对象,针对硒易挥发的特点,建立了高压密闭消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定黑花生中总硒含量的测定方法.研究表明,HNO3-H2O2可使样品达到最佳消解,以Pd(NO3)2+Mg(NO3)2为基体改进剂,最佳灰化温度和原子化温度分别为500 ℃和2 000 ℃.在优化实验条件下,该方法测定硒的线性...     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定壳聚糖中的痕量镉

采用石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定了壳聚糖中的痕量镉，以HF-HClO4体系消化试样，用Pd(NO3)2作基本改进剂，灰化温度1000℃：，原子化温度2200℃。本法相对标准偏差为2．8％，回收率在97．0％-106．3％之间，快速，简便，准确。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定甲壳素中的砷

采用石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定甲壳素中的砷。以HF－HClO4溶解消化试样,用Mg(NO3)2作基体改进剂,灰化温度为1000℃,原子化温度为2300℃。该法相对标准偏差为1．02％,回收率在97．2％－105．8％之间,方法快速、简便,结果准确。     

不同基体改进剂对石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤和沉积物中铊的影响

应用Pd(NO3)2-抗坏血酸(Vc)基体改进剂,建立了石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAA法)测定土壤和沉积物样品中铊。针对土壤和沉积物复杂基体,GFAA法测定铊元素主要受到氯离子的干扰,文中研究了常见基体改进剂(包括NH4NO3,(NH4)2SO4,La(NO3)3,Mg(NO3)2,Vc,Pd(NO3)2,Pd(NO3)2-Vc)对氯离子的抑制效果。通过研究不同基体改进剂测定含氯铊标准溶液的吸收曲线,探讨出基体改进剂测定铊的作用机理。以土壤或沉积物标准物质为研究对象,优化了应用Pd(NO3)2-Vc测定铊的灰化温度、基改剂浓度以及原子化温度。在最佳实验条件下,通过比较有无基体改进剂条件下,采用GFAA法测定不同土壤和沉积物中铊的精密度和准确度,实验结果表明,应用Pd(NO3)2-VC基体改进剂,测定土壤和沉积物标准物质中铊的测定结果都在标准值范围之内,6次平行测定的相对标准偏差范围为2.8%~8.4%,用于测定实际土壤和沉积物样品加标回收率为128.0%和92.9%。     

正交试验优化石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定海水中的总铬

建立了测定海水中总铬的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。利用抗坏血酸作为基体改进剂,针对灰化温度、灰化时间、原子化温度、基体改进剂加入量4种因素,利用正交试验优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定海水中总铬的实验条件。结果表明:原子化温度对测试过程的影响最大,正交试验的最优测试条件:灰化温度1 300℃,灰化时间20 s,原子化温度2 400℃,抗坏血酸质量分数为5%。在优化条件下,校正曲线的相关系数为0.999 8,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.80%(n=12),样品加标回收率在98.2%~109.2%之间。该法适用于测试大洋海水中的总铬含量。     

灰化法磷测定中不同灰化助剂的效果比较

以磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠与脱氧腺苷三磷酸（dATP)的混合溶液为磷标样,比较了MgSO4,Mg(NO3)2和MgCl2等灰化助剂的作用效果。结果发现,磷标样中加入MgSO4经500℃灼烧后用0.2mol/L HCl于80℃浸提残渣0.5h不能使磷全部回收;而MgCl2、Mg(NO3)2、MgAc2、CaCl2等助剂,却都能使灼烧后的磷完全回收。在采用MgSO4高温灰化法分析海水中的颗粒磷和总磷或有机体中的磷时,应当用MgCl2作为灰化助剂取代MgSO4。尽管Mg(NO3)2也是高效的灰化辅助剂,但其应用的危险性有较多的手工操作限制了它的广泛应用。     

氢化物发生新体系-原子荧光法同时测定铅和镉

报道了Pb和Cd同时氢化物发生的K3Fe(CN)6-(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6-NaBH4-HCl新体系,并探讨了相关反应机理。(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6作为氧化剂将Pb(Ⅱ)氧化为Pb(Ⅳ),Fe(CN)63-与Pb(Ⅳ)络合促进了Pb的氢化物发生。同时,体系中的(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6作为Cd氢化物发生过程中的增敏剂使荧光信号显著增强。在该体系中,Pb和Cd的氢化物发生不产生相互干扰。本实验据此建立了顺序注射-氢化物发生-双道原子荧光同时测定Pb和Cd的方法。所采用的实验条件包括NaBH4、HCl、K3Fe(CN)6和(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6的浓度分别为2%、3%、0.6%和0.3%。以125μL/s进样500μL,得到的线性范围分别为0.4~15μg/L(Pb)和0.5~20μg/L(Cd);对应的检出限分别为0.09μg/L(Pb)和0.17μg/L(Cd);方法的精密度为0.5%(6.0μg/L Pb,n=9)和1.0%(6.0μg/L Cd,n=9)。将本法应用于国家标准样品GBW08608中Pb和Cd的检测,检测值与标准值相符;对河水及海水中Pb和Cd进行了同时测定,加标回收率合格。     

固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中重金属

采用直接固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收分析技术,研究了基体改性剂、灰化温度和原子化温度对土壤中As,Cd,Zn,Sn,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu和Mn 9种重金属含量分析的影响。当As,Cd,Zn,Sn和Hg等元素使用Pd(NO3)2+M g(NO3)2作为基体改进剂时有利于吸光度的增加,而NH4H2PO4作为基体改进剂有利于Pb,Cr,Cu和M n吸光度的增加。方法应用于国家标准物质,结果与推荐值相吻合,方法 RSD优于7.0%,各种重金属方法检出限均低于0.1223 ng。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定电子级二乙二醇甲醚中铅

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,直接测定了电子级二乙二醇甲醚(DGME)中的Pb含量。对吸收谱线、基体改进剂、仪器分析条件如灰化温度、原子化温度等进行了研究。分析线选择283.3 nm,以25 g/L草酸加10 g/L NH4H2PO4溶液作复合基体改进剂,灰化温度800℃,原子化温度1400℃,线性方程为y=0.0066ρ(μg/L)+0.0715,相关系数R=0.9961。方法相对标准偏差3.7%,检出限为0.144 ng/m L。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.