间规立构聚丙烯的结晶度研究

Ｎａｔａ等用Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔａ催化剂首次合成了间规度为～５０％间规聚丙烯，并对其进行了表征，指出其具有（ＴＴＧＧ）２螺旋构象，正交晶系，Ｃ２２２１空间群［１，２］．近年来用茂金属催化剂合成的间规立构聚丙烯（ｓＰＰ）的间规度可达９３％以上，高间规...     

Ansa-茂锆催化剂对乙烯/1-辛烯共聚合研究

乙烯与α 烯烃共聚合可制得线性低密度聚乙烯等重要塑料产品．用茂金属催化剂与甲基铝氧烷（ＭＡＯ）助催化剂合成的乙烯／α 烯烃共聚物具有共单体分布均匀，分子量分布窄等特点，其性能比传统的Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ Ｎａｔａ催化剂体系所得共聚物优越．茂金属化合物的结构...     

碳笼烯-60对Ziegler-Nata催化剂催化苯乙烯聚合的影响

碳笼烯 ６０对Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ Ｎａｔａ催化剂催化苯乙烯聚合的影响洪瀚周锡煌李福绵（北京大学化学学院北京１００８７１）关键词碳笼烯 ６０（Ｃ６０），Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ Ｎａｔａ催化剂，配位聚合，等规聚苯乙烯Ｃ６０独特的球笼形空间结构和电子结构决定了其有许...     

本体共聚合制备丙烯/1-丁烯合金及表征

以球形高效负载的TiCl₄/MgCl₂/邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)为催化剂, 采用本体聚合方法进行丙烯与1-丁烯共聚合研究. 考察了共单体效应对共聚活性及聚合物立构规整性的影响; 表征了共聚物的结构. 结果表明, 随着1-丁烯/丙烯投料比的增加, 聚合活性呈先升高后降低的趋势, 在1-丁烯/丙烯摩尔投料比为0.26条件下聚合活性达到最高, 并随着共聚物中1-丁烯含量的增加, 共聚物的熔点明显下降, 分子量降低, 分子量分布变窄, 同时共聚物力学性能有明显提高, 透明度逐渐增加.     

一种提高茂金属载体催化剂催化性能的方法

茂金属配合物（Ｍｃ）是继Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔａ催化剂之后的最重要的新一代聚烯烃催化剂，尤其是１９８０年Ｋａｍｉｎｓｋｙ催化剂体系Ｃｐ２ＺｒＣｌ２／ＭＡＯ的诞生，是均相聚烯烃发展史上一次大革命。甲基铝氧烷（ＭＡＯ）作为助催化剂的催化剂体系相对于传统催...     

氨基硅烷外给电子体用于1-丁烯聚合的研究

合成了4种氨基硅烷类外给电子体,并用于MgCl2载体型Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化1-丁烯聚合,研究了不同外给电子体结构对催化效率和聚合物等规度、熔点、分子量及其分布的影响.结果表明,含二甲氧基的氨基硅烷类外给电子体更有助于聚(1-丁烯)等规度的提高,含二乙氧基的氨基硅烷类外给电子体可以使聚(1-丁烯)分子量分...     

1—丁烯齐聚反应（Ⅸ）—羧酸镍／乙基氯化铝催化体系反应机…

用乙酸镍、２－乙基己酸镍、二乙基氯化铝、倍半乙基氯化铝等组成Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔａ催化剂催化丁烯齐聚。测定了二聚物组成，讨论了活性物种的形成过程，推导了反应机理。     

用SN型催化剂合成苯乙烯一丙烯嵌段共聚物的研究──Ⅰ．聚合条件对共聚合反应的影响

用稀土化合物改性的钛系载体催化剂（ＳＮ催化剂）进行苯乙烯和丙烯顺序嵌段共聚合（Ｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｉａｌｂｌｏｃｋｃｏｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ）的研究．考察了苯乙烯预聚时间、单体比、外加给电子体（ＥＢ）、烷基铝浓度、催化剂浓度和聚合温度等条件对共聚合的影响．发现外加酯（ＥＢ）降低了共聚合反应催化活性，在ＥＢ／Ｔｉ摩尔比为５范围内，外酯有助于提高嵌段共聚物（ｉＰＳ—ｂ—ｉＰＰ）中ＰＳ段和ＰＰ段的等规度及增加苯乙烯链节含量．ＳＮ型催化剂对苯乙烯一丙烯嵌段共聚合有较高的催化活性，催化效率在１００ｇ聚合物／ｇ－Ｔｉ以上．共聚物通过溶剂革取分级除去均聚物后，所得嵌段共聚物中苯乙烯链节含量可在１５～８５ｍｏｌ％之间调节．其结构表征续见第ＩＩ报．     

Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2/MAO催化乙烯和ω-对甲苯基-α-烯烃共聚合的研究

使用Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO催化剂催化乙烯和3种ω-对甲苯基-α-烯烃(对甲苯基-1-丙烯,4-对甲苯基-1-丁烯,6-对甲苯基-1-己烯)共聚,主要研究了共单体加入量对催化剂活性和所得共聚物性能的影响.4-对甲苯基-1-丁烯表现出最好的共聚性能.使用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、GPC和DSC对共聚物进行了表征.     

丙烯/1-丁烯和丙烯/乙烯无规共聚物的表征及性能研究

采用摩尔含量接近的两个单体乙烯和1-丁烯分别无规共聚聚丙烯样品,用三氯苯进行室温可溶物和不溶物的分离,采用凝胶渗透色谱、13C核磁共振波谱及热分析等方法对两种共聚聚合物及其分离物进行表征,探讨了乙烯和1-丁烯作为共聚单体对聚丙烯树脂结构和性能的影响.结果表明,与乙烯相比,1-丁烯更趋向于共聚在较长的聚丙烯分子链上,其结果导致丙烯/1-丁烯无规共聚聚丙烯的可溶物含量更低.同时,对两种无规共聚物结晶性能的差异以及对光学性能和动态力学性能的影响研究表明,如果共聚单体含量接近,丙烯/1-丁烯无规共聚物结晶度更高;透明制品雾度相同时,丙烯/1-丁烯无规共聚物的刚性更高.     

L-丙交酯/ε-己内酯共聚物分子链结构非均匀性的研究

利用升温淋洗分级(TREF)和连续自成核退火热分级(SSA)等方法研究了L-丙交酯(LLA)和ε-己内酯(ε-CL)共聚物(PLC)分子链结构的非均匀性.合成了2种不同摩尔比的PLC共聚物,用TREF的方法,将同一个共聚物分级出3个级份.用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法对每个级份的分子结构进行了表征.结果表明,随着淋洗温度的升高,共聚物级份中的ε-CL单元的含量明显降低,而且级份的数均分子量增大,分子量分布指数降低.在SSA热分级研究中,发现PLC各级份间存在明显的分子链间和分子链内结构上的差异,这种链结构差异使得各个级份表现出不同的熔融行为.     

负载型催化剂制备的聚丙烯等规度分布

负载型Ziesler－Natta催化剂中存在许多活性中心［'3，为了解其本质，需对其各自产生的聚合物进行分离，以往采用的溶剂抽提法［'－'j只能将聚合物大致分级．最近，升温淋洗分级法（TREF）已被运用于聚丙烯的分级卜，'，其原理是根据聚合物的结晶度分级D'，影响聚丙烯结晶性的主要因素是等规度，而分子量到达一定程度后其影响较小，故通过TREF分级可得到聚丙烯的等规度分布．TREF法的淋洗温度可控，故分级效果较好．该法在分级前需对样品进行等温结晶处理，以消除抽提法由于样品未必充分结晶而带来的误差．本文用TREF法对不同催化…     

Correlation of the elution behavior in temperature rising elution fractionation and melting in the solid‐state and in the presence of a diluent of polyethylene copolymers

Compositionally homogeneous poly(ethylene‐α‐olefin) random copolymers with 1‐butene and 1‐hexene comonomers have been studied. The melting of solution‐crystallized specimens of these copolymers in the presence of trichlorobenzene as a diluent with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is well correlated with analytical temperature rising elution fractionation (A‐TREF) elution temperature profiles. This indicates that the A‐TREF experiment is essentially a diluent melting experiment. Furthermore, the correction of the corresponding solid‐state melting endotherms of these copolymers with Flory's diluent melting equation yields curves that also correlate very well with the DSC diluent melting curves and the A‐TREF elution temperature profiles. Values of χ, the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, are determined for these copolymers in trichlorobenzene. χ decreases as short‐chain branching increases. The A‐TREF elution temperature profiles of one of these copolymers are the same, within experimental error, for dilute‐solution crystallizations of the copolymer performed over an extremely broad time schedule (10 s to 3 days). This indicates the profound effect of the branches, as limiting points of the ethylene sequences, in controlling the crystal thickness distribution, which in turn controls the melting point in the presence of the diluent, or the elution temperature from the A‐TREF. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2819–2832, 2001     

Use of FT-IR Spectrometry for On-Line Detection in Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation

Summary: Temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) has become a popular analytical technique that is able to determine the chemical composition distribution (CCD) of an ethylene/α-olefin copolymer. An infrared (IR) detector is commonly used in TREF detection to measure the concentration of the polymer solution exiting the column as a function of elution temperature. The chemical composition of the eluting polymer at a given elution temperature can be predicted from the relationship between comonomer content and TREF elution temperature pre-established through ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of TREF fractions. In this article, a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer has been coupled with a TREF instrument to provide a more powerful tool for characterizing complex olefin copolymers. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique is used when analyzing the FT-IR spectra of the eluting polymer solutions. The power of on-line FT-IR detection in TREF is demonstrated using a few complex copolymer systems, such as ethylene-octene copolymer, polystyrene grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer.     

SUPPORTED CATALYST WITHOUT EXTERNAL ELECTRON DONOR FOR PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION Ⅱ. TACTICITY DISTRIBUTION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF POLYPROPYLENE*

Propylene was polymerized with a novel supported Ziegler-Natta catalystcontaining 2,2-di-iso-butyl-1,3-dimethoxy-propane (DIBDMP) as internal donor and in theabsence of external donor. The tacticity distribution of polypropylene was obtained by usingtemperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) technique and microstructure of fractionswas studied with ~(13)C-NMR. Compared with the catalyst without electron donor, this cat-alyst gives a considerably narrower tacticity distribution. Fractionation data demonstratethat DIBDMP shows better performance than aromatic diester DNBP (di-n-butyl phtha-late). Chemically inverted propylene units and less stereoblockiness are found in the firstfraction. Possible reasons for these were presented.     

Block Index for Characterizing Olefin Block Copolymers

Summary: Olefin block copolymers produced by chain shuttling catalysis exhibit crystallinity characteristics that are distinct from what would be expected for typical random olefin copolymers with comparable monomer compositions produced from either ‘single-site’ or heterogeneous catalysis. Olefin block copolymers produced by chain shuttling catalysis have a statistical multiblock architecture. A unique structural feature of olefin-based block copolymers is that the intra-chain distribution of comonomer is segmented (statistically non-random). Fractionating an olefin block copolymer by preparative temperature rising elution fractionation, TREF, results in fractions that have much higher comonomer content than comparable fractions of a random copolymer collected at an equivalent TREF elution temperature. We have developed a “block index” methodology which quantifies the deviation from the expected monomer composition versus the analytical temperature rising elution fractionation, ATREF, elution temperature. When interpreted properly, this index indicates the degree to which the intra-chain comonomer distribution is segmented or blocked. The unique crystallization behavior of block copolymers determine the magnitude of the block index values because the highly crystalline segments along an otherwise non-crystalline chain tend to dominate the ATREF (and DSC) temperature distributions.     

Crystallization Elution Fractionation and Thermal Gradient Interaction Chromatography. Techniques Comparison

Summary: The chemical composition distribution has been shown to be the most critical and discriminating parameter in understanding the performance of industrial polyolefins with non homogeneous comonomer incorporation. The chemical composition distribution is being analyzed by well known techniques such as temperature rising elution fractionation, TREF, crystallization analysis fractionation, CRYSTAF and crystallization elution fractionation, CEF. These techniques separate according to crystallizability and provide a powerful and predictable separation of components based on the presence of branches, irregularities or tacticity differences, independently of the molar mass. TREF, CRYSTAF and CEF can not be used, however, for the separation of more amorphous resins, and may not always provide the best solution for complex multi-component resins due to the existence of some co-crystallization. The application of high temperature interactive HPLC to polyolefins opened a new route to characterize these types of polymers. The use of solvent gradient HPLC for separation of polyethylene and polypropylene and the developments in HPLC on carbon based columns extended further the application of high temperature HPLC in polyolefins. A new approach has been developed recently using the carbon based column but replacing solvent gradient by a thermal gradient which facilitates the analysis of polyethylene copolymers and provides a powerful tool for the analysis of elastomers. Thermal gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) is being compared with TREF and CEF with the analysis of model samples. The advantages/disadvantages of each technique are being investigated and discussed. The combination of TGIC and TREF/CEF provides an extended range of separation of polyolefins.     

Characterization of impact polypropylene copolymers by solvent fractionation

The compositional heterogeneity of two impact polypropylene copolymers(IPCs) was studied by a combinatory investigation of temperature rising elution fractionation(TREF) and solvent fractionation.The chain structures and composition of fractions obtained from solvent fractionation were examined in detail.The TREF results shows that there are much more E-P segmented copolymer and more uniform distribution of ethylene sequence in IPC-1,which is responsible for its better comprehensive mechanical performance.The fractions from hexane and heptane are ethylene-propylene rubber phase and E-P block copolymers respectively.The result of solvent fractionation method also shows that custom hexane or heptane extractions can not extract the E-P copolymer completely.     

等规聚丙烯/聚丁烯-1釜内合金的结构与性能

高分子材料的组成、 组分分布及链结构与宏观性能紧密相关. 因此, 分析多组分釜内合金材料的链结构特点与性能之间的关系至关重要. 采用升温淋洗分级的方法对两种采用序贯两段聚合原位合成的等规聚丙烯/聚丁烯-1(iPP/iPB)釜内合金在-30 ℃~140 ℃温度范围进行分级, 采用核磁共振波谱仪、 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、 差示扫描量热仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪等表征了级分的链结构及序列分布、 热行为、 分子量(M_w)及分子量分布(M_w/M_n)等. 结果表明iPP/iPB合金主要由5种级分组成, 高等规聚丁烯(iPB)为主要组分, 同时含有少量的丁烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物(PB-b-PP)和等规聚丙烯(iPP)等. 随淋洗温度升高, PB-b-PP级分中PP嵌段长度逐渐增加, PB嵌段长度逐渐减小; 在相同的淋洗温度, 合金B的嵌段共聚物级分中PP嵌段较长且结晶较完善; 合金B中iPB组分及嵌段共聚物组分含量较高, 使得合金B具有较高的拉伸强度、 弯曲强度、 优异的抗冲击性能、 较高的维卡软化温度及较快的晶型转变速率.     

Temperature rising elution fractionation of PP/PE alloy and thermal behavior of the fractions

In this paper, a PP/PE alloy prepared by sequential polymerization of ethylene and propylene was fractionated with temperature rising elution fractionation and a variety of fractions were obtained. Thermal analysis was conducted to probe the microstructures of fractions. Four types of fraction with different melting behaviors were identified: random copolymer with no melting peak, multiple-block ethylene-propylene copolymer exhibiting plural melting peaks, ethylene-predominant copolymer with single melting peak and ethylene-propylene block copolymer with double melting peaks. The production of these components was also discussed in terms of polymerization process and the nature of active sites in the catalyst.