高效液相色谱法测定植物叶片中乙醇酸及几种酮酸含量

植物组织中的乙醇酸经乙醇酸氧化酶催化生成乙醛酸,乙醛酸及其他酮酸类有机酸用苯肼衍生化反应生成苯腙。采用C18柱、324nm紫外检测,5％甲醇：95％磷酸缓冲液(13mmoL／L KH2PO4;1mmoL／L K2HPO4,pH6．0)为流动相,可有效分离几种酮酸的苯腙衍生物。利用该方法可定量测定植物组织中的乙醇酸、乙醛酸、草酰乙酸、羟基丙酮酸、α-酮戊二酸及丙酮酸。经多方面检验表明,此方法精确灵敏,回收率高,重复性好,并且成本低、操作简便。可应用于各种生物材料、食品、饮料等产品中的上述有机酸含量检测。     

SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化合成乙醛酸L-盖基酯

乙醛酸L-盖基酯是一种重要的手性试剂和手性中间体.本文以SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸作催化剂,由乙醛酸与L-薄荷醇酯化合成乙醛酸L-盖基酯,通过正交实验探讨了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比4个因素对该酯化反应的影响,得到优化工艺条件,收率达78.5%,并对L-薄荷醇的套用及SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的重复使用进行了研究.     

离子色谱法测定乙醛酸中的顺丁烯二酸和乙二酸

采用抑制电导离子色谱法测定高浓度乙醛酸基体中痕量的顺丁烯二酸和乙二酸。将乙醛酸样品稀释至1 000倍体积后,采用高浓度的淋洗液,以高容量色谱柱对样品进行分析。实验结果表明,顺丁烯二酸和乙二酸最低检出限分别为12.7,19.6μg/L,重现性(n=5)分别为1.13%,1.11%,回收率分别为97.9%,94.7%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度,适用于乙醛酸的例行检测。     

手性磷酸催化的吲哚与乙醛酸乙酯亚胺的不对称傅克烷基化反应

在20%手性磷酸催化下,吲哚及其衍生物与乙醛酸乙酯亚胺发生不对称傅克烷基反应,合成了9个吲哚取代的甘氨酸衍生物(其中两个为新化合物),其结构经1H NMR表征。     

可见光催化N-芳基乙醛酸亚胺脱羧烷基化合成非天然氨基酸衍生物

研究了可见光诱导乙醛酸亚胺的脱羧自由基烷基化反应制备α-烷基化的非天然氨基酸衍生物.四氯-N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(TCNHPI)活性酯在可见光照射下产生的多种烷基自由基以良好的收率与亚胺加成.金属铱配合物为光催化剂,汉斯酯(HE)为必不可少的氢转移试剂,氟硼酸(HBF4)作为添加剂可显著提高产率.反应条件温和,显示了广泛的底物适用范围.此外,简单有效的一锅合成法,包括乙醛酸乙酯、伯胺和TCNHPI活性酯的多组分反应也能够顺利进行,该方案为α-烷基化的非天然氨基酸衍生物的合成提供了一种新的方法.     

CuBr_2催化的三组分反应合成喹啉-2,4-二羧基衍生物

以廉价的CuBr2为催化剂,发展了一种通过芳胺、乙醛酸酯与丙酮酸酯三组分反应制得喹啉-2,4-二羧基衍生物的简便有效方法.该方法具有很好的原子经济性,使用了便宜的催化剂和易得的试剂,在温和的条件下解决了以往喹啉-2,4-二羧基衍生物合成条件苛刻、产率低等问题,在生物活性分子和药物分子合成上有潜在的应用价值.     

新显色剂偶氮胂DBM与轻稀土元素的显色反应及应用

作为稀土显色剂,含不对称胂(膦)酸基的变色酸双偶氮衍生物优于对称的同类化合物。为了进一步提高稀土显色剂的灵敏度和选择性,在不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物非胂酸基一侧的偶氮基对位上引入推电子基团,邻位引入卤素取代基,得到一系列新的不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物。其一般结构为:     

桦木酸及其衍生物的制备与抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

桦木酸是一种羽扇豆烷型的五环三萜类化合物,因具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗HIV病毒特性而受到人们关注。桦木酸存在于多种植物中,可以用提取法得到,但由于桦木酸在植物中含量低,其主要来源是由合成法得到。许多桦木酸衍生物也具有抗肿瘤活性。本文介绍了桦木酸的提取与合成等制备方法,以及几种桦木酸衍生物的合成路线,并对桦木酸及其衍生物的抗肿瘤途径和机理进行了概述。     

几种吡啶衍生物在Y型分子筛上置换吸附的红外光谱研究

沸石分子筛是一类固体酸催化剂,常用吡啶及其衍生物这类碱性物质来测定其酸中心的类型和酸度.近年来,有些作者利用空间位阻胺在酸中心上的选择吸附性质,来进行固体酸催化剂表面的Bronsted酸和Lewis酸的测定.实验发现,同一种吡啶衍生物在不同的沸石分子筛上的吸附稳定性不同,不同的吡啶衍生物在同一种固体酸催化剂上的吸附稳定性也不相同.利用这一性质,我们曾用脉冲色谱法和红外光谱法研究了吡啶对于2,6-二甲     

新的不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物的合成及其结构对稀土、钍、铋显色反应的影响

新的不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物的合成及其结构对稀土、钍、铋显色反应的影响张华山,张军锋,黎心懿（武汉大学化学系,武汉,４３００７２）关键词变色酸双芳基偶氮衍生物,稀土,钍,铋,分光光度法变色酸双偶氮衍生物是光度法测定稀土、钍等金属的重要显色剂。其中多卤...     

Synthesis of 3-(2-Oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>]furan-3-ylidenehydrazono)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>]furan-2-one

Reactions of benzophenone and fluoren-9-one hydrazones with (2-hydroxyphenyl)oxoacetic acid gave [carboxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazono](2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid which underwent intramolecular cyclization with formation of 3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[bfuran-3-ylidenehydrazono)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-2-one. The symmetric azine was also obtained by reactions of (2-hydroxyphenyl)oxoacetic acid with triphenylphosphoranylidenehydrazones derived from benzophenones, fluoren-9-one, and 1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2,3-dione.     

Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic activity and constituents-activity relationships of the leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae)

The leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae) have been refluxed successively with chloroform and alcohol to get chloroform extract and alcoholic extract. Both the extracts have been assayed for cytotoxicity against human colorectal tumour cells. The chloroform extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC(50) 31?μg mL(-1) (p??200?μg mL(-1). The chloroform extract has been further proceeded for chemical analysis by GC-TOFMS and 178 components were identified including acids, amines, amides, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, benzene derivatives, bicyclic compounds, terpenes, hydrocarbons, naphthalene derivatives, furan derivatives, azulenes, etc. Nine components representing 51.73% of the total chloroform extract were detected as major components. Caryophyllene (14.41%) and Eicosanoic acid ethyl ester (12.17%) are the most prominent components of the chloroform extract. β-Caryophyllene (14.41%) as most abundant compound supports potent cytotoxicity as shown by chloroform extract.     

Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Related Substances of Vardenafil,an Erectile Dysfunction Drug

Abstract

Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate (Levitra) is used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) enzyme. It maintains higher levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), relaxes smooth muscles, promotes penile blood flow, and enhances erectile function. During the bulk drug synthesis of vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate, six related substances (impurities), vardenafil dimer, vardenafil N-oxide, vardenafil glycene, vardenafil oxopiperazine, vardenafil oxoacetic acid, and phenyl vardenafil were identified, and these are reported herein for the first time. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of these impurities.     

Synthesis and properties of fluorosilicon compounds for protection of cultural monuments from harmful environmental exposure

Methods for the synthesis of perfluorocarboxylic acid derivatives with reactive trialkoxysilyl groups soluble in organic and organofluorine (1,1,2-trichlorotrif1uoroethane, etc.) solvents have been developed. The contact angles of water and decalin, water absorption, resistance to freezing, and salt-resistance of limestone and plaster samples treated with these compounds were determined. Fluorosilicon organic compounds impart more hydro- and oleophobic properties to the protected surfaces than known organosilicon agents and reliably protect sculptures and architectural monuments from mold and algae deposition.     

Design and synthesis of novel chiral dendritic species derived from bile acids

Bile acids have been used for the first time as the building block for the construction of dendritic units. Orthogonally functionalized 7-deoxycholic and cholic acid derivatives were synthesized. The construction of a bile acid heptamer, a nonamer, and a decamer using the convergent strategy are described in detail. Chromatographic, spectral, and optical properties of these molecules have been investigated. Molecular modeling suggests that these molecules have globular shapes with nanometric dimensions.     

Self‐assembly of Renewable Nano‐sized Triterpenoids

Studies on plant metabolites have gained renewed interest in recent years because these can serve as renewable chemicals for the development of a sustainable society. Among various plant secondary metabolites, terpenoids constitute the major component and triterpenoids are the 30C subset of it. In recent years, triterpenoids have drawn the attention of scientific community due to many of its potential and realized applications in medicine, drug delivery, thermochromic materials, pollutant capture, catalysis, liquid crystals, etc. In this personal review, we have discussed our computational results carried out on sixty representative naturally occurring triterpenoids demonstrating that all the triterpenoids are renewable functional nano‐entities. Study of the self‐assembly of several triterpenoids such as betulin, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid and arjunolic acid and their derivatives in different liquids have also been discussed. Moreover, the utilization of the resulting supramolecular architectures such as vesicles, spheres, flowers and fibrillar networks of nano‐ to micrometer dimensions and gels have also been discussed in the perspective of green, renewable and nanos.     

On the role of the functional group in determining the strength of hydrophobic interactions in aqueous solutions of α-amino acid derivatives

Calorimetric measurements were carried out at 25°C on binary aqueous solutions containing N-acetyl derivatives of the following -amino acids: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, norleucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, histidine, serine. The N-acetyl derivative of the -amino acid proline was also studied. The results obtained have been used to calculate the pairwise enthalpic interaction coefficients and these are compared with results reported in the literature concerning free -amino acids, and their acetylamide derivatives. The coefficients largely increase passing from free amino acids to N-acetyl derivatives. The derivatives of -amino acids bearing unsubstituted alkyl chains present an increased cooperativity of hydrophobic interactions.     

Direct access to 4-carboxy-1,8-naphthyridines and related compounds through Pfitzinger-type chemistry

The 4-carboxy-1,8-naphthyrid-2-yl moiety is a useful ligand component in that it promotes lower energy electronic absorption in its metal complexes and also provides a useful tether for anchoring the ligand to a semiconductor surface. The synthon [2-(pivaloylamino)pyrid-3-yl]oxoacetic acid ethyl ester can be easily obtained in two steps from 2-aminopyridine. The Pfitzinger-type condensation of this molecule with a 2-acetylazaaromatic species in ethanolic KOH, after acidification, directly provides bi- and tridentate ligands containing the 4-carboxy-1,8-naphthyrid-2-yl moiety.     

A study on synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 4-acyl-pyrazoles

4-Acyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids (1) were synthesized via the reaction of 4-acyl-2,3-furandiones (F) with hydrazone (1-benzylidene-2-(2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-hydrazine) by heating under solid phase and their acid chlorides (2) were obtained. Then these derivatives were easily converted into the corresponding derivatives such as ester, amide, ureide, pyrazolo-pyridazine, etc. Totally 62 new compounds were synthesized. The structures of these new synthesized compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods and the in vitro antibacterial activity of newly synthesized compounds were carried out against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by well diffusion method (zone inhibition). Our results have showed that these new synthesized compounds have much potent of antibacterial activity owing to containing of pyrazole and/or pyridazine, chromone, oxazine, furane, and pyrrole rings. Some of the new pyrazole derivatives exhibited higher activities than reference drugs against the representative bacteria.     

Utility of the Pfitzinger Reaction in the Synthesis of Novel Quinoline Derivatives and Related Heterocycles

2‐(2‐Amino‐3,5‐dinitrophenyl)‐2‐oxoacetic acid ( 2 ) was obtained from hydrolysis of 5,7‐dinitroisatin ( 1 ) in alkaline media. A novel quinoxaline derivative ( 3 ) was synthesized from the reaction of the same compound ( 1 ) with o‐phenylenediamine. Reacting 2 with ethyl 3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanoate yields 6,8‐dinitro‐2‐phenylquinoline‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid ( 4 ). Then, 4 was converted into new quinoline‐diacylchloride, quinoline‐ester, quinoline‐dicarboxamide, pyridazine, and pyrroledione derivatives ( 5 , 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 7a , 7b , 7c , 7d , 8 , 9 , 10a , 10b , 10c , 10d , 11a , 11b , 12 ) with SOCl₂, alcohols, amines, and hydrazines, respectively. The structures of synthesized compounds were clarified by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, mass and elemental analysis methods.