Photochemical reactions of M(CO)5THF (M = Cr, Mo, W) with thio Schiff bases

The hitherto unknown complexes, [M₂(CO)₆(μ-CO)(μ-L)], [M = Cr; 1, Mo; 2, W; 3] and [M₂(CO)₆(μ-CO)(μ-L′)], [M = Cr; 4, Mo; 5, W; 6] have been synthesized by the photochemical reactions of photogenerated intermediate, M(CO)₅THF (M = Cr, Mo, W) with thio Schiff base ligands, N,N′-bis(2-aminothiophenol)-1,4-bis(2-carboxaldehydephenoxy)butane (H ₂ L) and N,N′-bis(2-aminothiophenol)-1,7-bis(2-formylphenyl)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane (H ₂ L′). The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, LC-mass spectrometry, magnetic studies, FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic studies show that H ₂ L and H ₂ L′ ligands are converted to benzothiazole derivatives, L and L′ after UV irradiation and coordinated to the central metal as bridging ligands via the central azomethine nitrogen and sulphur atoms in 1–6.     

Synthesis and characterization of new metal(II) complexes with formates and some nitrogen donor ligands

New mixed-ligands complexes with empirical formulae: M(2,4′-bpy)₂L₂·H₂O (M(II)Zn, Cd), Zn(2-bpy)₃L₂·4H₂O, Cd(2-bpy)₂L₂·3H₂O, M(phen)L₂·2H₂O (where M(II)=Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd; 2,4′-bpy=2,4′-bipyridine, 2-bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, L=HCOO⁻) were prepared in pure solid state. They were characterized by chemical, thermal and X-ray powder diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, molar conductance in MeOH, DMF and DMSO. Examinations of OCO⁻ absorption bands suggest versatile coordination behaviour of obtained complexes. The 2,4′-bpy acts as monodentate ligand; 2-bpy and phen as chelating ligands. Thermal studies were performed in static air atmosphere. When the temperature raised the dehydration processes started. The final decomposition products, namely MO (Ni, Zn, Cd) and Mn₃O₄, were identified by X-ray diffraction.     

Formation of polymeric chain assemblies of transition metal complexes with a multidentate Schiff-base

The new multidentate Schiff-base (E)-6,6′-((1E,1′E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-ylidene))bis(4-methyl-2-((E)(pyridine-2-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol) H₂L and its polymeric binuclear metal complexes with Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) are reported. The reaction of 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl-phenol with ethylenediamine in mole ratios of 2:1 gave the precursor 3,3′-(1E,1′E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde) W. Condensation of the precursor with 2-(amino-methyl)pyridine in mole ratios of 1:2 gave the new N₆O₂ multidentate Schiff-base ligand H₂L. Upon complex formation, the ligand behaves as a dibasic octadentate species with the involvement of the nitrogen atoms of the pyridine groups in coordination for all complexes. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determined through physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed octahedral geometries for Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of general formulae [Cr₂^III(L)Cl₂]Cl₂, [Ni₂^II(L)(H₂O)₂]Cl₂ and [M₂(L)Cl₂] and five co-ordinate Zn(II) complex of general formula [Zn₂^II(L)]Cl₂.     

Studies on Some Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes of Arylsalicyl-Aldimine and Other Ligands

Several new mixed ligand complexes of Ni(II) and Co(II) of p-tolylsalicylaldimine (Sal-TH) or p-anisylsalicylaldimine (Sal-AH) with 8-hydroxyquinoline (HOx), benzohydroxamic acid (BH₂) or α-picoline (α-pic) have been synthesized. The complexes have the general formulae: [M(Sal-T)L],[M(Sal-A)L]⋅H₂O or [Ni(Sal-T)₂(α-pic)₂]⋅H₂O where M=Ni(II) or Co(II), Sal-T=p-tolylsalicylaldiminate, Sal-A=p-anisylsalicylaldiminate, L=8-hydroxyquinolinate or benzohydroxamate and α-pic=α-picoline. Analytical, conductivity and spectral data support a square planar structure for Co(II) complexes and octahedral structure for Ni(II) complexes. The thermal behaviour of the complexes has been studied by TG and DTG techniques. It was proposed that the decomposition of the complexed Schiff base takes place via a radical mechanism while for 8-hydroxyquinolinate or benzohydroxamate via proton transfer. Kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition process have been computed by means of Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A potentiometric investigation of complex formation between some metal ions and biologically active quinazoline-4-3(H)-one Schiff’s base

The proton dissociation constant of the ligand and the stability of the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Ba(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Th(IV), and UO₂(II) ions with 2-phenyl-3-(2′-hydroxy-5′-benzylidine)-quinazoline-4-(3H)-one [PBQ] were determined potentiometrically at 30 ± 0.1°C and ionic strengths of 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 M NaNO₃ in a 60:40 (v/v) ethanol-water medium. The proton-ligand and metal-ligand stability constants of the complexes were determined pH metrically by the Calvin-Bjerrum titration technique. The order of stability constants obeys the Irving-Rossotti rule. The negative values of ΔG° suggest that the reactions are spontaneous. The article is published in the original.     

Tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes with <Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N′</Emphasis>-bis(2- and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane Schiff base ligands: synthesis,spectroscopic and crystal structure studies

fac-[Re(CO)₃(2-nben)Cl] and fac-[Re(CO)₃(4-nbzen)Cl] complexes consisting of 2-nbzen = N,N′-bis(2-nitrobenzaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane and 4-nbzen = N,N′-bis(4-nitrobenzaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane were synthesized by the reaction of Re(CO)₅Cl with nbzen ligands. These complexes were characterized by physico-chemical, spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. The electrochemical behavior of the two complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. In the crystal structure of [Re(CO)₃(4-nbzen)Cl], the neighbouring molecules are linked together by intermolecular C–H···Cl interactions to form 1D extended chains along the b-axis. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Cobalt(II) complexes of various thiosemicarbazones of 4-aminoantipyrine: syntheses,spectral, thermal and antimicrobial studies

An interesting series of cobalt(II) complexes of the new ligands: 4[N-(benzalidene)amino]antipyrinethiosemicarbazone (BAAPTS), 4[N-(2′-hydroxy-benzalidene)amino]antipyrinethiosemicarbazone (HBAAPTS) and 4[N-(2′-hydroxy-1′-naphthalidene)amino]antipyrinethiosemicarbazone (HNAAPTS) were synthesized by reaction with Co(II) salts in ethanol. The general stoichiometry of the complexes was found to be [CoX₂(H₂O)(L)] and [Co(L)₂](ClO₄)₂, where X = Cl, NO₃, NCS or CH₃COO and L = BAAPTS, HBAAPTS or HNAAPTS. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurement, molecular weight determination, magnetic moments at room temperature, infrared and electronic spectra. All the thiosemicarbazones behave as neutral tridentate (N, N, S) donor ligands. The conductivity measurements in PhNO₂ solution indicated that the chloro, nitrato, thiocyanato and acetate complexes are essentially non-electrolytes, while the perchlorate complexes are 1:2 electrolytes. Thermogravimetric studies were performed for some representative complexes and the decomposition mechanism proposed. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of the ligands and their cobalt(II) complexes have also been examined and it has been observed that the complexes are more potent bactericides than the ligand.     

Synthesis, spectral and electrochemical behaviour of cytosinato bridged complexes of ruthenium(II) and platinum(II) with 1-alkyl-2-(arylazo)imidazoles

Dechlorination of M(RaaiR′) _n Cl₂ by AgNO₃ produced [M(RaaiR′) _n (MeCN)₂]⁺² [M = Ru(II), n = 2; Pt(II), n = 1; RaaiR′ = 1-alkyl-2-(arylazo)imidazole)] which upon reaction with the nucleobase cytosine (C) in MeCN solution gave cytosinato bridged dimeric compounds which were isolated as perchlorate salts [M₂(RaaiR′) _n (C)₂](ClO₄)₂ · H₂O. The products were characterized by IR, u.v.–vis., ¹H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. In MeCN solution the ruthenium complexes exhibit a strong MLCT band at 550–555 nm and two redox couples positive to SCE due to two metal-center oxidation along with ligand reduction, negative to SCE. The platinum complexes show a weak transition at 500–520 nm in MeCN and exhibit only ligand reduction in cyclic voltammetry. The coordination of the ligand was supported by ¹H-n.m.r. spectral data.     

Syntheses and structures of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>′-(4,4′-bithiazole-2,2′-diyl)diacetimidamide ligands: in vitro cytotoxicities and DNA-binding properties

Two complexes of general formula, [M(DABTA)]NO₃ [M = Cu^II (1) or Ni^II (2), DABTA = N,N′-(4,4′-bithiazole-2,2′-diyl)diacetimidamide], have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, IR and electronic spectra studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures show that the two complexes have similar molecular structures in which each metal atom has a square-planar coordination environment. Hydrogen bonding interactions link each complex into a 2-D infinite network. The DNA-binding properties and cytotoxicities of the complexes were investigated. The results suggest that the two complexes can interact with DNA by intercalation, with binding affinities following the order of 1 > 2, which is consistent with their in vitro cytotoxicities.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and characterization of two new copper(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from furfurylamine

Two new mononuclear complexes of copper(II), namely [CuL₂] (1) and [CuL′₂] (2) have been synthesized by reacting copper perchlorate with furfurylamine and salicylaldehyde or 2-hydroxyacetophenone, where L = (2-hydroxybenzyl-2-furylmethyl)imine and L′ = (2-hydroxymethylbenzyl-2-furylmethyl)imine, the respective asymmetric bidentate Schiff bases that are formed in situ to bind the Cu(II) ion. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Structural studies reveal that the mononuclear units of both the complexes (1) and (2) adopt square planar geometry supported by weak intermolecular C–H···π interactions.     

Cyclopalladated complexes of 2-phenylbenzothiazole with 4,4′-bipyridyl

Complexes [Pd(bt)(4,4′-bpy)OOCCH₃], [Pd(bt)NO₃]₂(m-4,4′-bpy), [Pd(bt)(m-4,4′-bpy)]₄(NO₃)₄ (bt⁻ is deprotonated form of 2-phenylbenzothiazole, bpy is 4,4′-bipyridyl) are prepared and characterized by ¹H NMR, electron absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as by voltammetry. The upfield shift of the signal of proton in the ortho-position to the donor carbon atom of the cyclopalladated ligand in the complexes [(Δδ = −(1.1–1.5) ppm] is assigned to the anisotropic effect of the ring current of the pyridine rings of the 4,4′-bipyridyl moiety, which are orthogonal to the coordination plane. Characteristic longwave absorption bands λ = (387±4) nm and the low-temperature phosphorescence bands λ = (512±3) nm in the complexes are assigned to the chromophore {Pd(bt)} metal complex fragment. The reduction waves in the complexes [E _1/2 = −(1.54±0.04) and E _p = −(1.83±0.03) V] are assigned to the ligand-centered processes of the successive electron transfer to the π* orbitals localized predominantly on the coordinated pyridine components of the 4,4′-bipyridyl moiety.     

Two novel sandwich copper(II) complexes [CuLCl]<Subscript>2</Subscript>[CuCL<Subscript>4</Subscript>] and [CuLBr]<Subscript>2</Subscript>[CuBr<Subscript>4</Subscript>] (L = N,N′-bis(furaldehyde)diethylenetriamine)

The novel trinuclear copper(II) complexes [CuLCl]₂[CuCl₄](I) and [CuLBr]₂[CuBr₄] (II) (where L = N,N′-bis(furaldehyde) diethylenetriamine) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. They consist of sandwich units. Both I and II crystallize isomorphously in the monoclinic space group P2/n and feature cation/anion/cation geometry. The novel trinuclear copper(II) complexes I and II shown to be stabilized by a number of weak hydrogen bonds and intermolecular π-π stacking interactions. The article is published in the original.     

Synthesis,Spectra and Electrochemistry of Dinitro-bis-{1-alkyl-2-(arylazo) imidazole} Ruthenium(II). Nitro-nitroso Derivatives and Reactivity of the Electrophilic {Ru-NO}<Superscript>6</Superscript>System

Ag⁺ assisted aquation of blue cis-trans-cis-RuCl₂(RaaiR′)₂ (4–6) leads to the synthesis of solvento species, blue-violet cis-trans-cis-[Ru(OH₂)₂(RaaiR′)₂](ClO₄)₂ [Raai R′=p-R-C₆H₄ N=N–C₃H₂–NN–1–R′, (1–3), abbreviated as N,N′-chelator, where N(imidazole) and N(azo) represent N and N′, respectively; R = H (a), OMe (b), NO₂ (c) and R′ = Me (1/4/7/10), CH₂CH₃ (2/5/8/11), CH₂Ph (3/6/9/12)] that have been reacted with NO₂⁻in warm EtOH resulting in violet dinitro complexes of the type, Ru(NO₂)₂(RaaiR′)₂ (7–9). The nitrite complexes are useful synthons of electrophilic nitrosyls, and on triturating the compounds, (7b–9b) with conc. HClO₄ nitro-nitrosyl derivatives, [Ru(NO₂)(NO)(OMeaaiR′)₂](ClO₄)₂ (10b–12b) are isolated. The solution structure and stereoretentive transformation in each step have been established from ¹H n.m.r. results. All the complexes exhibit strong MLCT transitions in the visible region. They are redox active and display one metal-centred oxidation and successive ligand-based reductions. The redox potentials of Ru(III)/Ru(II) (E_1/2^M) of (10b–12b) are anodically shifted by ∼ ∼0.2 V as compared to those of dinitro precursors, (7b–9b). The ν(NO) >1900 cm⁻¹ strongly suggests the presence of linear Ru–NO bonding. The electrophilic behaviour of metal bound nitrosyl has been proved in one case (12b) by reacting with a bicyclic ketone, camphor, containing an active methylene group and an arylhydrazone with an active methine group, and the heteroleptic tris chelates thus formed have been characterised.     

Complexes of 2-(2-hydroxyacetophenone)imino-5-(p-anisyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole with some bivalent metals ions

Summary The metal complexes of the type [M(SB)₂(H₂O)₂] and [M(SB)₂][where M = Mn^II, Co^II, Ni^II or Cu^II, M = Zn^II Cd^II, Hg^II and Pb^II and SBH = 2-(2-hydroxyacetophenone)imino-5-(p-anisyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole] have been prepared and characterised by elemental analyses, thermal analyses, magnetic measurements, electronic and infrared spectral studies. The complexes [M(SB)₂(H₂O)₂] possess octahedral structures, whereas complexes [M(SB)₂] are tetrahedral. The crystal field parameters of the Co^II and Ni^II complexes are also calculated.     

Biologically important compounds as ligands: Binary and ternary complexes of 5-amino-7-hydroxy-triazolo[4,5—d]pyrimidine (“8-azaguanine”) in solution

Metal complexation equilibria in the binary complexing systems of the typeM–L [M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and UO₂(VI);L=AZN=8-azaguanine] have been examined potentiometrically. The work has further been extended to investigating the ternary complexing systems of the typeM–A–L [A=2,2-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline or nitrilotriacetic acid]. Measurements were done at 25°C and at an ionic strength of 0.1M (NaClO₄) in 50% (v/v) aqueous ethanol medium. Stabilities of the ternary complexes as compared to those of the corresponding binary complexes ofAZN are also discussed.

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Biologisch relevante Verbindungen als Liganden: Binäre und ternäre Komplexe von 5-Amino-7-hydroxy-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin (8-Azaguanin) in Lösung

Zusammenfassung Es wurden Komplexierungsgleichgewichte vom binären TypM–L [M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) und UO₂(VI);L=AZN=8-Azaguanin] potentiometrisch untersucht. Die Untersuchungen wurden auf ternäre Systeme vom TypM–A–L ausgedehnt [A=2,2-Bipyridin, 1,10-Phenanthrolin oder Nitrilotriessigsäure]. Die Messungen wurden bei 25°C bei Ionenstärken von 0,1M (NaClO₄) in 50% wäßr. Ethanol durchgeführt. Die Stabilität der ternären Komplexe im Vergleich zu den entsprechenden binären wird diskutiert.

     

Temperature-dependent synthesis, crystal structures, characterizations, and DFT calculations of two new copper(II) complexes with p-fluorobenzoic acid and 2,2′-bipyridine ligands

Two new copper(II) complexes, [Cu(p-FBA)₂(2,2′-bpy)]·(H₂O) (1) and [Cu(p-FBA)(2,2′-bpy)₂]·(p-FBA)₂ (2) {p-FBA = p-fluorobenzoic acid, 2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine} have been obtained from an identical starting mixture using temperature as the only independent variable and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction as well as with infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results reveal that 1 has 1D infinite chain structure formed by O–H···O hydrogen bonds, while 2 features a 0D structure. Additionally, there exist C–H···O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions in 1, forming 2D supramolecular structure. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structures, stabilities, orbital energies, composition characteristics of some frontier molecular orbitals and Mulliken charge distributions of the [Cu(p-FBA)₂(2,2′-bpy)] of 1 and [Cu(p-FBA)(2,2′-bpy)₂]⁺ cation of 2 were performed by means of Gaussian 03W package and taking B3LYP/lanl2dz basis set.     

Synthesis,crystal structures,and magnetic properties of three isomorphous helical coordination polymers

Three isomorphous coordination polymers of general formula {[M(H₂bna)·(DMF)₂·(H₂O)₂]·DMF}_n (M = Co for 1, Mn for 2, Ni for 3, respectively, where H₄bna = 2,2′-dihydroxy-[1,1′]-binaphthalene-3,3′-dicarboxylate) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by FTIR, single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray power diffraction analysis. All three polymers crystallize in the same monoclinic space group P2₁/n. The complexes are assembled into 1D helical chains, and each adjacent helical chain of the same chirality is further connected to form a chiral layer by hydrogen bond interactions. The layers are packed in alternating left-(M) and right-handed (P) chirality arrays. Magnetic studies reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic coupling interactions in complexes 1 and 2.     

DNA interactions of ruthenium(II) complexes with a polypyridyl ligand: 2-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-imidazo[4,5-<Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis>]1,10-phenanthroline

This article describes the synthesis of a polypyridyl ligand, namely 2-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (DMPIP) and its Ru(II) complexes, namely [Ru(bipy)₂DMPIP]²⁺ (1), [Ru(dmb)₂DMPIP]²⁺ (2) and [Ru(phen)₂DMPIP]²⁺ (3) ((bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, plus IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C [¹H]-NMR spectra. The interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA were investigated. The results indicate that the three complexes can intercalate into DNA. Under irradiation at 365 nm, all three complexes promote the photocleavage of plasmid pBR 322 DNA. Inhibitor studies suggest that singlet oxygen plays a significant role in the cleavage mechanism for the complexes.     

Reversible M−M Bonding by Alkaline Earth Metals (Mg,Ca, Sr,Ba) in Graphite Intercalation Compounds

The alkaline earth metals (M=Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) exhibit a +2 oxidation state in nearly all known stable compounds, but M^I dimeric complexes with M−M bonding, [M₂(en)₂]²⁺, (en=ethylenediamine) of all these metals can be stabilized within the galleries of donor-type graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). These metals can also form GICs with more conventional metal (II) ion complexes, [M(en)₂]²⁺. Here, the facile interconversion between dimeric-M^I and monomeric-M^II intercalates upon the addition/removal of en are reported. Thermogravimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and pair distribution function analysis of total scattering data support the presence of either [M₂(en)₂]²⁺ or [M(en)₂]²⁺ guests. This phase conversion requires coupling graphene and metal redox centers, with associated reversible M−M bond formation within graphene galleries. This chemistry allows the facile isolation of unusual oxidation states, reveals M⁰→M²⁺ reaction pathways, and present new opportunities in the design of hybrid conversion/intercalation materials for applications such as charge storage.     

Mixed Ligand Complexes of 5-arylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline and α-amino Acids with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)

Ten mixed ligand complexes of the type [M(X-QA)(aa)] and [Ni(X-QA)₂(Haa)(H₂O)],where X-HQA=5-arylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, M=Co(II) orCu(II) and Haa=glycine (gly), alanine (ala) or methionine (met), have been prepared. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and electron spectra and thermal analysis. A tetrahedral structure has been proposed for the cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes with bidentate coordination of amino acids. The nickel(II) complexes have been assigned an octahedral structure with the amino acids acting as monodentate ligands. The thermal behaviour of the complexes has been studied before and after γ-irradiation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.