L-聚乳酸固相缩聚的工艺研究

以L-乳酸单体为原料,采用复合催化剂通过直接熔融法合成低聚左旋聚乳酸(PLLA),然后分段控温进行固相缩聚(SSP).对固相缩聚的工艺条件进行了详细的研究.采用粘度法和凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对固相缩聚产物PLLA的特性粘数([η])和分子量进行了表征.用差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了固相缩聚产物的熔融行为和结晶度.结果...     

由肉桂酸生物合成L-苯丙氨酸

本文评述了L一苯丙氨酸的各种合成路线、国内外的研究现状及工业化情况，重点讨论了由肉桂酸和氨生物合成L一苯丙氨酸约路线，提出了在国内进一步工作的建议。     

酶法拆分D,L-苯丙氨酸制备D-苯丙氨酸

在固定化青霉素酰化酶(IPA-750)存在下,通过N-苯乙酰-D,L-苯丙氨酸(2)的选择性水解完成了酶法拆分D,L-苯丙氨酸(1)制备D-苯丙氨酸(5)的过程。选择性水解的较适宜反应条件为:22.83g,m(2)∶m(IPA-750)=6∶1,pH7.0,于30℃反应5h,产物为N-苯乙酰-D-苯丙氨酸(4)和L-苯丙氨酸(3,收率63%,光学纯度99%)。4用6mol·L-1盐酸于120℃水解反应8h,经脱盐处理得5,收率67%,光学纯度91%。3在含醋酸酐的醋酸溶液中进行消旋化处理,得到100%消旋的1可继续进行下一轮酶法拆分。     

离子交换法提取L-苯丙氨酸的研究

本文介绍一种用离子交换树脂提取L-苯丙氨酸的方法,针对本研究体系得出的最佳工艺条件为：用001×7阳离子交换树脂吸附L-苯丙氨酸,以浓度为0．5％氨水进行洗脱,收集的流份经D354阴离子交换树脂脱色,浓缩结晶后得L苯丙氨酸成品,总提取收率为80％。     

L-苯丙氨酸脲类化合物的合成工艺改进

以L-苯丙氨酸为原料,经甲酯化反应制得中间体丙谷胺酸甲酯盐酸盐(1);以三乙胺为缚酸剂,1经固体光气活化制得苯丙氨酸异氰酸酯后,再分别与伯胺反应合成了4个苯丙氨酸脲类化合物(3a~3d),收率90.7%~94.2%,其结构经1H NMR,MS和X-衍射确证。     

液液萃取联合固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼肉中胆酸、脱氧胆酸和脱氢胆酸的残留量北大核心CSCD

鉴于韩国已对鱼肉中胆汁酸的残留量进行了相关规定,提出了题示方法。取鱼肉样品5.0 g,加入100μg·L^(-1)胆酸-d_(4)(胆酸内标物)、脱氧胆酸-d_(4)(脱氧胆酸及脱氢胆酸的内标物)混合内标溶液0.1 mL,乙腈20 mL,混匀后超声提取10 min,离心5 min,重复提取一次。合并上清液,旋干,残渣用50%(体积分数,下同)甲醇溶液1 mL超声溶解5 min,加入正己烷5 mL,离心5 min,弃掉正己烷层。保留相过活化好的HLB固相萃取柱,用3 mL水淋洗,抽干柱子,用3 mL甲醇洗脱。收集前5 mL洗脱液,于40℃氮吹至干,残渣用50%甲醇溶液1 mL复溶,过0.45μm滤膜,滤液按照优化的仪器工作条件测定。以Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的水和甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,分离后的目标物用串联质谱仪在电喷雾离子源负离子(ESI^(-))模式下电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,内标法定量。结果显示:胆酸、脱氧胆酸和脱氢胆酸标准曲线的线性范围均为10~500μg·L^(-1),检出限为0.003 mg·kg^(-1)。对阴性鱼肉样品进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率为82.2%~115%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.6%~14%。     

L-苯丙氨酸聚肽的酶催化合成

聚肽是由人工合成的氨基酸聚合物,具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。本文以菠萝蛋白酶为催化剂,在温和条件下于非水体系中从L-苯丙氨酸甲酯聚合得到齐聚L-苯丙氨酸。通过FT-IR、~1HNMR、MS和MALDI-TOF确定了齐聚L-苯丙氨酸的结构和聚合度。通过单因素考察了菠萝蛋白酶催化聚合反应的最优条件。结果表明,在40℃下用2.44U菠萝蛋白酶于15%DMSO的磷酸缓冲液(pH=8.0)中催化0.43g L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐聚合,反应3h后齐聚L-苯丙氨酸得率达到最大值,为35.67%。     

酶法生产L-苯丙氨酸体系的液相色谱-质谱联用分离分析

通过对高效液相色谱各主要分离条件以及质谱分析条件的优化,建立了一种有效的液质联用方法分析酶法生产L-苯丙氨酸体系中3种主要成分:L-天冬氨酸,丙酮酸和L-苯丙氨酸.该方法抗干扰能力强,简单、快速、准确、灵敏且重现性好,适用于定性及定量分析实际样品,为生产工艺优化和生产过程研究提供了依据.     

气浮络合萃取分离富集L-苯丙氨酸的研究

结合溶剂浮选和络合萃取,提出了气浮络合萃取(floatation complexation extraction)的概念,应用该方法实现了对L-苯丙氨酸的分离富集。在试液的pH为11、NaCl浓度为0.20 mol/L、有机相为80%P204的正己烷溶液、通气流速为40 mL/min、通气时间为60 min的条件下对水相中L-苯丙氨酸进行气浮络合萃取。在分离富集的基础上,用pH<1的HCl水溶液对L-苯丙氨酸进行反萃取,通过紫外和红外光谱分析,确认了分离产物为L-苯丙氨酸。     

由肉桂酸生物合成L-苯丙氨酸

本文评述了Ｌ－苯丙氮酸的各种合成路线、国内外的研究现状及工业化情况，重点讨论了由肉桂酸和氨生物合成Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的路线，提出了在国内进一步工作的建议。     

胆酸和脱氧胆酸分子的远红外与THz吸收光谱研究

胆酸和脱氧胆酸是胆汁酸中的主要成分, 是人体中重要的生物表面活性剂. 两种分子只相差一个羟基, 在远红外和太赫兹波段有不同的吸收光谱. 胆酸分子的太赫兹(THz)吸收光谱有1.26 THz(42 cm-1)和2.02 THz(67 cm-1)两个吸收峰, 脱氧胆酸分子的THz吸收光谱有1.13, 1.26, 1.69和2.17 THz(即38, 42, 56, 72 cm-1)等几个吸收峰. 两个分子的THz吸收光谱都包含有1.26 THz(42 cm-1) 峰, 反映出二者结构的相似性. 它们的远红外光谱都有部分频率相近的谱带, 但对比之下可以观察到峰位位移和相对峰强的改变. 指认了两种物质的某些可能与羧基振动有关的特征吸收峰. 为找出THz光谱隐含的信息, 利用Omnic程序采用二阶导数方法来处理THz光谱数据, 观察到多个子峰, 说明分子结构中可能存在更复杂的氢键状态. 实验结果表明, 远红外和THz吸收光谱是研究生物分子及鉴别生物分子结构的很好方法.     

Isotopic Shifts of the infrared Spectra of Cholic Acid and Sodium Cholate

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Molecular Recognition of Medium-size Lactones by Enclathration of Cholic Acid

Abstract

Molecular recognitions of medium size lactones by enclathration of cholic acid (CA) are described. Size and location of the substituents on the lactone rings play an important role for enclathration. Lactones within the limited steric dimensions are included in CA, and larger or smaller ones are not included to give guest-free crystals of CA. Moreover, CA partially separates one enantiomer from racemic lactones by recystallization. X-ray crystallographic studies reveal that all included lactones form the β-trans type bilayer structure having a pentagonal void channel with a side pocket. The cross-sections illustrate that the lactone rings are incorporated in the center of the channel and that the substituents of the guests are fixed in the side pockets. The asymmetric channel enables CA to discriminate size and chirality of medium size lactones.     

手性臂脱氧胆酸分子裂缝受体的一锅法微波合成

以脱氧胆酸为隔离基,3位构建非手性单元,12位引入手性单元,微波辐射一锅法合成具有不同手性中心和裂穴的新型手性臂分子裂缝受体,结构均经1H NMR、IR、MS及元素分析所确证。     

胆酸印迹聚合物的制备及在含水介质中的结合性能

为了在含水介质中进行有效印迹,本研究中以双甲基丙烯酰-β-环糊精（BMA-β-CD）和2-(二乙基胺基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DEAEM)为功能单体制备了胆酸印迹聚合物MIP1,并用平衡结合实验研究了MIP1在含水介质中对模板分子的识别能力。结果表明,MIP1比单独以BMA-β-CD或DEAEM为功能单体制备的印迹聚合物MIP2和MIP3,显示出对模板分子更好的选择性结合能力。MIP1的特异性吸附量ΔCP为38.81μmol/g,印迹因子IF为2.46。研究表明,在含水介质中,利用模板分子与功能单体之间的疏水作用和离子作用是提高印迹聚合物分子识别能力的关键。研究还表明,在识别过程中,疏水作用在驱动分子进入印迹孔穴时起重要作用。     

Cholic acid-based fluorescent sensor for mercuric and methyl mercuric ion in aqueous solutions

Cholic acid-based fluorescent PET sensor probe 1, bearing a pair of dithiocarbamate pendants as the receptive site and anthracene moiety as the signal displaying unit, was designed and synthesized. The sensor probe not only shows high selectivity and sensitivity to Hg²⁺ in aqueous acetonitrile solution, but also responds moderately to MeHg⁺. A distinctive OFF-ON type signaling of up to 10-fold enhancement was observed for this new sensor probe toward Hg²⁺.     

Inclusion Compounds of Nitrosobenzenes with Cholic Acid and Deoxycholic Acid

The crystalline inclusion compounds of cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) with several nitrosobenzenes were prepared. The IR spectra and crystal structures of these compounds confirmed inclusion of the monomeric form of the C-nitroso compounds. The DCA compounds have 2 : 1 host:guest stoichiometry and P2₁ symmetry. Guest molecules are enclosed in channels and disordered. In the CA-nitrobenzene inclusion compound (1·CA) the host:guest stoichiometry is 1 : 1. The host molecules form typical CA bilayer aggregates and guest molecules are accommodated in helicoidal channels. The guest nitroso group is not coplanar with the phenyl ring; the torsion angle on the C–N bond is 8.6(8)°. The solid-state circular dichroism spectrum of 1·CA shows the negative Cotton effect at 780 nm corresponding to the n–^* electronic transition that can be associated with the P helicity of the guest molecule. The extremely weak magnitude of the Cotton effects exhibited by the DCA complexes points to a nearly planar arrangement of the NO group and the phenyl ring in the guest molecules.     

固体酸催化剂结构与催化反应机理的核磁共振研究

Solid acid catalysts have been widely used in advanced petrochemical processes because of their environmental friendliness, high product selectivity, and easy product separation. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established tool for structure determination and dynamic study of various functional materials. In this review, we focus mainly on our research using solid-state NMR to characterize the acid properties and elucidate the catalytic reaction mechanism of solid acid catalysts. The acid strength of solid acids can be quantitatively measured from the chemical shifts of adsorbed probe molecules such as pyridine, acetone, trialkylphosphine oxides, and trimethylphosphine. The spatial proximity and synergetic effect of various acid sites on solid acid catalysts can be ascertained by two-dimensional (2D) double-quantum magic angle spinning (DQ MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, in situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy can be used to explore heterogeneous catalytic reaction mechanisms by monitoring the evolution of the reactants, intermediates, and products.