Opinion Dynamics with Disagreement and Modulated Information

Opinion dynamics concerns social processes through which populations or groups of individuals agree or disagree on specific issues. As such, modelling opinion dynamics represents an important research area that has been progressively acquiring relevance in many different domains. Existing approaches have mostly represented opinions through discrete binary or continuous variables by exploring a whole panoply of cases: e.g. independence, noise, external effects, multiple issues. In most of these cases the crucial ingredient is an attractive dynamics through which similar or similar enough agents get closer. Only rarely the possibility of explicit disagreement has been taken into account (i.e., the possibility for a repulsive interaction among individuals’ opinions), and mostly for discrete or 1-dimensional opinions, through the introduction of additional model parameters. Here we introduce a new model of opinion formation, which focuses on the interplay between the possibility of explicit disagreement, modulated in a self-consistent way by the existing opinions’ overlaps between the interacting individuals, and the effect of external information on the system. Opinions are modelled as a vector of continuous variables related to multiple possible choices for an issue. Information can be modulated to account for promoting multiple possible choices. Numerical results show that extreme information results in segregation and has a limited effect on the population, while milder messages have better success and a cohesion effect. Additionally, the initial condition plays an important role, with the population forming one or multiple clusters based on the initial average similarity between individuals, with a transition point depending on the number of opinion choices.     

Strategic Interaction in Trend-Driven Dynamics

We propose a discrete-time stochastic dynamics for a system of many interacting agents. At each time step agents aim at maximizing their individual payoff, depending on their action, on the global trend of the system and on a random noise; frictions are also taken into account. The equilibrium of the resulting sequence of games gives rise to a stochastic evolution. In the limit of infinitely many agents, a law of large numbers is obtained; the limit dynamics consist in an implicit dynamical system, possibly multiple valued. For a special model, we determine the phase diagram for the long time behavior of these limit dynamics and we show the existence of a phase, where a locally stable fixed point coexists with a locally stable periodic orbit.     

夸克强相互作用动力学--量子色动力学简介

夸克是人类目前所知道的最基本的粒子．所有强子（包括构成原子核的质子、中子）都是由夸克组成的．夸克的运动变化遵守什么规律呢？它们之间的强相互作用有什么特点？物理学家用量子色动力学描写夸克之间的强相互作用．本文拟对量子色动力学作个扼要介绍．     

ITC研究达卡巴嗪与DNA反应动力学

利用等温滴定量热(ITC)、光谱、粘度测量等方法,研究了小牛胸腺DNA与抗癌药物达卡巴嗪的相互作用。结果表明:达卡巴嗪与DNA作用后,吸收光谱会出现增色、蓝移和粘度减小等现象。采用ITC法得到了结合常数以及结合位点数,发现达卡巴嗪与DNA以非经典嵌插式及表面作用两种方式结合。对于嵌插式,ΔH10,ΔS10,K1=5.63×10~4,结合位点数0.10;对于药物分子仅与DNA表面发生作用而并未嵌入到DNA分子的疏水部分的结合方式,ΔH_20,ΔS_20,K_2=1.00×10~3,结合位点数9.99。同时发现紫外法得到的结合常数是Ka=6.70×10~4,与ITC的嵌插式吻合。     

Opinion Dynamics and Unifying Principles: A Global Unifying Frame

I review and extend the set of unifying principles that allow comparing all models of opinion dynamics within one single frame. Within the Global Unifying Frame (GUF), any specific update rule chosen to study opinion dynamics for discrete individual choices is recast into a probabilistic update formula. The associated dynamics is deployed using a general probabilistic sequential process, which is iterated via the repeated reshuffling of agents between successive rounds of local updates. The related driving attractors and tipping points are obtained with non-conservative regimes featuring both threshold and threshold-less dynamics. Most stationary states are symmetry broken, but fifty–fifty coexistence may also occur. A practical procedure is exhibited for several versions of Galam and Sznajd models when restricted to the use of three agents for the local updates. Comparing these various models, some are found to be identical within the GUF. Possible discrepancies with numerical simulations are discussed together with the difference between the GUF procedure and a mean field approach.     

Feedback Loops in Opinion Dynamics of Agent-Based Models with Multiplicative Noise

We introduce an agent-based model for co-evolving opinions and social dynamics, under the influence of multiplicative noise. In this model, every agent is characterized by a position in a social space and a continuous opinion state variable. Agents’ movements are governed by the positions and opinions of other agents and similarly, the opinion dynamics are influenced by agents’ spatial proximity and their opinion similarity. Using numerical simulations and formal analyses, we study this feedback loop between opinion dynamics and the mobility of agents in a social space. We investigate the behaviour of this ABM in different regimes and explore the influence of various factors on the appearance of emerging phenomena such as group formation and opinion consensus. We study the empirical distribution, and, in the limit of infinite number of agents, we derive a corresponding reduced model given by a partial differential equation (PDE). Finally, using numerical examples, we show that a resulting PDE model is a good approximation of the original ABM.     

Dynamics of Incoherent Photovoltaic Spatial Solitons

Propagation properties of bright and dark incoherent beams are numerically studied in photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal by using coherent density approach for the first time. Numerical simulations not only exhibit that bright incoherent photovoltaic quasi-soliton, grey-like incoherent photovoltaic soliton, incoherent soliton doublet and triplet can be established under proper conditions, but also display that the spatial coherence properties of these incoherent beams can be significantly affected during propagation by the photovoltaic field.     

Dynamics of the Random Ising Model with Long-Range Interaction

Critical dynamics of the random Ising model with long-range interaction decaying as r-(d σ) where d is the dimensionality) is studied by the theoretic renormalization-group approach. The system is released to an evolution within a model A dynamics. Asymptotic scaling laws are studied in a frame of the expansion in = 2σ - d. In dimensions d ＜ 2σ. the dynamic exponent z is calculated to the second order in at the random fixed point.``     

The Role of Caretakers in Disease Dynamics

One of the key challenges in modeling the dynamics of contagion phenomena is to understand how the structure of social interactions shapes the time course of a disease. Complex network theory has provided significant advances in this context. However, awareness of an epidemic in a population typically yields behavioral changes that correspond to changes in the network structure on which the disease evolves. This feedback mechanism has not been investigated in depth. For example, one would intuitively expect susceptible individuals to avoid other infecteds. However, doctors treating patients or parents tending sick children may also increase the amount of contact made with an infecteds, in an effort to speed up recovery but also exposing themselves to higher risks of infection. We study the role of these caretaker links in an adaptive network models where individuals react to a disease by increasing or decreasing the amount of contact they make with infected individuals. We find that, for both homogeneous networks and networks possessing large topological variability, disease prevalence is decreased for low concentrations of caretakers whereas a high prevalence emerges if caretaker concentration passes a well defined critical value.     

空间非傍轴激光束在非线性克尔介质中的相互作用

对于非线性克尔介质中的非傍轴双脉冲激光束的传输,通过数值求解修正的非线性Schroödinger方程发现:当入射光强度在一定的能量阈值以上,入射光束的间隔达到一定值时,空间双脉冲激光束在传输过程中会发生相互作用.这种相互作用不同于一般傍轴激光束之间的相互作用,它的作用效果以一束很小的分束光的形式表现出来.文中对这种相互作用的效果进行了报道,并对此做出了理论的解释.     

基于空间滤波测速系统的分析和验证

光电测量技术由于具有抗干扰和非接触的特点,在工业生产中被广泛应用。介绍了一种基于空间滤波原理的非接触速度测量方法。该方法将传输光栅作为空间滤波器,对运动信号进行滤波,由光电检测器检测信号,处理后得到速度信息。通过仿真和实验证明该方法具有很高的测速精度,能够在实际应用中得到推广。     

The Accuracy of Finite-Difference Schemes Calculating the Interaction of Shock Waves

Doklady Physics - The accuracy with which the shock-capturing finite-difference schemes calculate the flows with interaction of shock waves is studied. It is shown that, in the domains between the...     

Stochastic Dynamics on Hypergraphs and the Spatial Majority Rule Model

This article starts by introducing a new theoretical framework to model spatial systems which is obtained from the framework of interacting particle systems by replacing the traditional graphical structure that defines the network of interactions with a structure of hypergraph. This new perspective is more appropriate to define stochastic spatial processes in which large blocks of vertices may flip simultaneously, which is then applied to define a spatial version of the Galam’s majority rule model. In our spatial model, each vertex of the lattice has one of two possible competing opinions, say opinion 0 and opinion 1, as in the popular voter model. Hyperedges are updated at rate one, which results in all the vertices in the hyperedge changing simultaneously their opinion to the majority opinion of the hyperedge. In the case of a tie in hyperedges with even size, a bias is introduced in favor of type 1, which is motivated by the principle of social inertia. Our analytical results along with simulations and heuristic arguments suggest that, in any spatial dimensions and when the set of hyperedges consists of the collection of all n×?×n blocks of the lattice, opinion 1 wins when n is even while the system clusters when n is odd, which contrasts with results about the voter model in high dimensions for which opinions coexist. This is fully proved in one dimension while the rest of our analysis focuses on the cases when n=2 and n=3 in two dimensions.     

Temporal Dynamics of Mode Interaction in Submillimeter-Wave Second-Harmonic Gyrotron

Competition of the operating modes at the second cyclotron harmonic with spurious modes at fundamental is studied numerically for the cases of gyrotron and traveling opposite spurious modes in the gyrotron FU II. This competition limits significantly the output power at the second harmonic. The results are in good agreement with experiments.     

计及级联内缺陷空间关联的团簇动力学模拟

团簇动力学（CD）是一种快速模拟材料辐照损伤长时间动力学演化方法.基于平均场速率理论的CD不考虑级联内的缺陷空间关联效应.而实体动力学蒙特卡罗（OKMC）模型虽然考虑空间关联效应,但受到时间尺度和辐照剂量的限制.将模拟粒子初级辐照级联缺陷分布的Monte Carlo模型（IM3D）与OKMC基于常数时间退火方法进行耦合,有效计及级联内的缺陷空间关联性,作为CD模型的有效辐照产生项,建立计及空间关联效应的团簇动力学模型（CD-SC）.结果表明：CD-SC模拟的辐照损伤结果与长时间OKMC结果吻合.有助于提高典型辐照条件下核材料长时间辐照损伤的多尺度模型的准确度和效率.     

Replicator Dynamics and Mathematical Description of Multi-Agent Interaction in Complex Systems

Abstract

We consider the general properties of the replicator dynamical system from the standpoint of its evolution and stability. Vector field analysis as well as spectral properties of such system has been studied. A Lyaponuv function for the investigation of the evolution of the system has been proposed. The generalization of replicator dynamics to the case of multi-agent systems is introduced. We propose a new mathematical model to describe the multi-agent interaction in complex system.     

Dynamics of Spatial Dark Solitons Trapped in the Media with Gain and TPA

The propagation of dark solitons in nonlinear media that include gain and Joss described by a nonlinear Schroedinger equation is investigated. Based on the direct approach of perturbation theorv, the width, height and other related quantities of dark solitons are obtained. It is shown that stationarv propagation of dark solitons is found to be possible in the presence of both gain and absorption. The results obtained by means of our analytic method are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. Our results are helpful for the research into the optical soliton transmission system.     

激光等离子体相互作用中自生磁场及其空间演化

利用粒子模拟程序,模拟研究了超强激光与等离子体相互作用中的电子束流不稳定性的产生机制,得到了不稳定性所激发的自生磁场的线性增长率与各向异性参数之间的函数关系。观察到了激光与等离子体相互作用时产生的饱和自生磁场在表面领域上的演化过程,发现沿x方向出现的电流比较大时,饱和自生的磁场在z方向的发展比较快,临界面附近较大,但随着深度的增加,逐渐以指数形式减少。     

Dynamics of Entanglement in Qubit-Qutrit with x-Component of DM Interaction

In this present paper,we study the entanglement dynamics in qubit A-qutrit B pair under x component of Dzyaloshinshkii-Moriya interaction(D_x)by taking an auxiliary qubit C.Here,we consider an entangled qubit-qutrit pair initially prepared in two parameter qubit-qutrit states and one auxiliary qubit prepared in pure state interacts with the qutrit of the pair through DM interaction.We trace away the auxiliary qubit and calculate the reduced dynamics in qubit A-qutrit B pair to study the influence of the state of auxiliary qubit C and D_x on entanglement.We find that the state(probability amplitude)of auxiliary qubit does not influence the entanglement,only D_x influences the same.The phenomenon of entanglement sudden death(ESD)induced by D_x has also been observed.We also present the affected and unaffected two parameter qubit-qutrit states by D_x.