On the delay time of the total signal from a set of transmitters

The time dependence of the total signal from a group of closely spaced acoustic or electromagnetic transmitters radiating the same (up to an amplitude factor) signals is considered. If the duration of the partial signal is sufficiently long, the time dependence of the signal from the set of transmitters turns out to be close to that of the signal from a single transmitter up to a delay time. This delay does not necessarily coincide with the time it takes for an optical (or acoustic) signal to pass from the transmitters to the observation point. At different points of the space, this delay time may exceed, or be shorter than, the light (sound) delay time and also may be positive or negative. This follows from the backward or forward extrapolation of the time dependence of the signal when variously delayed and attenuated copies of the same signal that are produced by different transmitters are added up (i.e., interfere). One result of such an extrapolation, which arises upon transmitting a signal with its leading or trailing edge cut off, is the reconstruction of its time dependence, i.e., the detection of the nontransmitted part of the signal.     

On the momentum of quasi-monochromatic waves in a plasma

The formulae for the momentum of quasi-monochromatic wave packets of transverse and longitudinal waves in a plasma without a magnetic field are derived including the terms of the second order in the amplitude of the electromagnetic field. The well-known increase of the momentum of the transverse wave penetrating into the plasma is given by the momentum (transported with the group velocity of the wave) of the averaged motion of the plasma. The laws of energy and momentum conservation lead simply to some results of the theory of the wave decay.Nademlýnská 600, Praha 9, Czechoslovakia.The authors thank K. Jungwirth for valuable discussions.     

多频带期望值最大声信号时延估计EI北大核心CSCD

通过分析复杂环境中不同频带声信号时延估计的差异,提出多频带期望值最大时延估计方法。为了使各频带之间无重叠,该方法采用独立分带划分声信号不同频带,然后计算各频带广义互相关函数,并对子带广义互相关函数建立最大似然模型,最后利用期望值最大算法将多维优化转为一维优化的迭代式,获得最优子带广义互相关函数,在此基础上估计声信号的时延信息。数据仿真和实际实验结果表明,多频带期望值最大化时延估计相较常规时延估计有效估计值的百分比提升了10%,并将最优频带互相关函数应用到该定位算法中,在网格间距为0.3 m时,得到的峰值区域汇聚更明显,定位效果更好。     

基于遗传算法的超声信号LMS自适应时延估计

为了克服ＬＭＳ自适应时延估计（ＬＭＳＴＤＥ）算法计算量大的问题,引进遗传算法进行ＬＭＳＴＤＥ的寻优规划,并采取了克服过早收敛的措施。对超声信号进行时延估计的实验表明,该方法大大减少了计算量,并有较高的时延估计精度。     

Characteristic signal extracted from a continuous time signal on the aspect of frequency domain

Extracting characteristic signal from a continuous signal can effectively reduce the difficulty of analyzing the running states of a single-variable nonlinear system.Whether the extracted characteristic signal can accurately reflect the running states of the system is very important.In this paper, a method called automatic sampling method(ASM) for extracting characteristic signals is investigated.The complete definition is described, the effectiveness is proved theoretically, and the general formulas of the extracted characteristic signals are derived for the first time.Furthermore, typical Chua's circuit is used to accomplish a lot of experimental research on the aspect of frequency domain.The experimental results show that ASM is feasible and practical, and can automatically generate a characteristic signal with the change of the original signal.     

Distribution of the delay time and the dwell time for wave reflection from a long random potential

We re-examine and correct an earlier derivation of the distribution of the Wigner phase delay time for wave reflection from a long one-dimensional disordered conductor treated in the continuum limit. We then numerically compare the distributions of the Wigner phase delay time and the dwell time, the latter being obtained by the use of an infinitesimal imaginary potential as a clock, and investigate the effects of strong disorder and a periodic (discrete) lattice background. We find that the two distributions coincide even for strong disorder, but only for energies well away from the band-edges. Received 11 June 2001 and Received in final form 30 July 2001     

基于二次相关的语音信号时延估计改进算法

目前语音信号的时延估计研究,大部分采用的是广义互相关算法。然而,广义互相关时延估计算法易受噪声和混响环境影响。为此,本文提出了一种基于二次相关的语音信号时延估计改进算法,该算法对语音信号进行二次互相关运算,并结合Hilbert变换,对二次互相关峰值进行进一步的锐化处理,使得反映时延的峰值点检测更为准确。实验结果表明,改进的时延估计方法在非平稳的语音信号中能够有效地抑制噪声干扰,且在不同混响条件下时延估计具有更好的性能。     

Recovery of delay time from time series based on the nearest neighbor method

We propose a method for the recovery of delay time from time series of time-delay systems. The method is based on the nearest neighbor analysis. The method allows one to reconstruct delays in various classes of time-delay systems including systems of high order, systems with several coexisting delays, and nonscalar time-delay systems. It can be applied to time series heavily corrupted by additive and dynamical noise.     

On effects of the parametric interaction of extremely short and quasi-monochromatic pulses

The effect of delay and transformation of the frequency of a weak optical pulse upon its nonlinear interaction with an intense extremely short pulse is studied. Reflection from solitons and breathers is considered, and the corresponding conditions for detuning the group velocities and parameters of a medium are formulated.     

时滞与噪声影响 Notch信号通路动力学的模型化研究

本文基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程,建立理论模型研究时滞与噪声影响Notch信号通路动力学.研究发现,her1、her7基因转录的时滞性在很大程度上调控着Notch信号通路的动力学行为.由于时滞性的调控,Notch系统动力学经历Hopf分岔,由稳态转变为周期演化特性.通过考察Notch信号通路的噪声效应,我们发现,由于噪声的扰动,Notch系统周期振荡动力学改变.在较小噪声幅值条件下,Notch信号通路中改变的周期节律性可以通过时滞得以平衡恢复,由此表明了her1、her7转录的时滞性促进了Notch信号通路的周期振荡.对于较强噪声环境,时滞效应很难改变Notch信号的巨大突变,其信号通路动力学行为被噪声影响.理论结果符合实验,并揭示了时滞与噪声对Notch信号通路动力学的一种调控机制,可为设计阻止Notch功能异常导致的多种疾病和癌症的通路治疗方案提供理论依据.     

Time development of a wave packet and the time delay

A one-dimensional scattering problem off a δ-shaped potential is solved analytically and the time development of a wave packet is derived from the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The exact and explicit expression of the scattered wave packet supplies us with interesting information about the “time delay” by potential scattering in the asymptotic region. It is demonstrated that a wave packet scattered by a spin-flipping potential can give us quite a different value for the delay times from that obtained without spin-degrees of freedom.     

Influences of noise correlation and time delay on stochastic resonance induced by multiplicative signal in a cancer growth system

This paper investigates the stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon induced by the multiplicative periodic signal in a cancer growth system with the cross-correlated noises and time delay. To describe the periodic change of the birth rate due to the periodic treatment, a multiplicative periodic signal is added to the system. Under the condition of small delay time, the analytical expression of the signal-to-noise ratio R_{\rm SNR} is derived in the adiabatic limit. By numerical calculation, the effects of the cross-correlation strength \lambda and the delay time \tau on R_{\rm SNR} are respectively discussed. The existence of a peak in the curves of R_{\rm SNR} as a function of the noise intensities indicates the occurrence of the SR phenomenon. It is found that \lambda and \tau play opposite role on the SR phenomenon, i.e., the SR is suppressed by increasing \lambda whereas it is enhanced with the increase of \tau, which is different from the case where the periodic signal is additive.     

Scalar observations from a class of high-dimensional chaotic systems: Limitations of the time delay embedding

The time delay embedding for the reconstruction of a state space from scalar data introduces strong folding of the smooth manifold in which a chaotic attractor is embedded, which is absent in some more natural state space. In order to observe the deterministic nature of data, the typical length scale related to this folding has to be resolved. Above this length scale the data appear to be random. For a particular model class we prove these statements and we derive analytically the dependence of this length scale on the complexity of the system. We show that the number of scalar observations required to observe determinism increases exponentially in the product of the system's entropy and dimension. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.     

On the reality of supraluminal group velocity and negative delay time for a wave packet in a dispersion medium

It is shown that, in the case of the supraluminal group velocity of a wave packet in a dispersion medium, a wave packet with a smooth (analytical) envelope does propagate with a supraluminal velocity. In the case of a negative group velocity, the signal maximum does arrive at the detector earlier than at the transmitter. These facts are consistent with both the finiteness of the velocity of light in free space for information transfer (in the case of supraluminal propagation velocity) and the principle of causality (in the case of negative delay time). Basically, the effect of negative delay time may be employed for predicting an observable effect.     

Network reconstruction from binary-state time series in presence of time delay and hidden nodes

Complex networks with binary-state dynamics represent many meaningful behaviors in a variety of contexts. Reconstruction of networked systems hosting delayed binary processes with hidden nodes becomes an outstanding challenge in this field. To address this issue, we extend the statistical inference method to complex networked systems with distinct binary-state dynamics in presence of time delay and missing data. By exploiting the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, we implement the statistical inference based approach to different (i.e., random, small world, and scale-free) networks hosting delayed-binary processes. Our framework is completely data driven, and does not require any a prior knowledge about the detailed dynamical process on the network; especially, our method can independently infer each physical connectivity and estimate the time delay solely from the data of a pair of nodes in this link. We provide a physical understanding of the underlying mechanism; and extensive numerical simulations validate the robustness, efficiency, and accuracy of our method.     

On the unique reconstruction of a signal from its unthresholded recurrence plot

We address the information content of unthresholded recurrence plots, generated by the time-delay embedding method from scalar signals admitting a Fourier series representation (including periodic and sampled signals). This is important for making valid inferences from unthresholded recurrence plots. A graph theoretic framework is developed to give a complete analysis of the impact of the choice of time-delay and embedding dimension on information content. A distance measure for unthresholded recurrence plots is introduced to approach signal reconstruction and approximation by minimization, robust to inaccuracies and noise. Examples and an application from EEG analysis clarify the theoretical results and demonstrate their practical potential.