Gauge invariant actions of free closed superstring field theories

A gauge invariant action of free N=1 closed superstring field theory is presented using BRS charges. This action is shown to take a similar form to that of open superstring. The N=2 closed superstring is also discussed.     

The Quantum Consistency of the Ten-Dimensional Heterotic String Effective Action

The finiteness of superstring theory at each order in perturbation theory is considered with respect to the ten-dimensional effective action. The quantum consistency of the ten-dimensional superstring effective action is confirmed with an analysis of the perturbative expansion of the quartic sector. It is found to be compatible with the finiteness of reduced four-dimensional theory.Furthermore, implications for the validity of superstring perturbation theoryat lower energies is considered.     

Conformal field theory representation and background-independent action for superstring field theory

The two-dimensional conformal field theory representation of Witten's open superstring field theory is discussed. We argue that the previously suggested cubic action for the superstring is actually dependent on the spacetime background, and suggest a modification which formally removes this dependence. The transformation from the new version of the superstring cubic action to Witten's action for open string states is discussed. A class of linearized solutions to the equations of motion of the open superstring cubic action are exhibited. These solutions are in one-to-one correspondence with the physical excitations (both massless and massive) of the open and closed type I superstrings.     

Superstring thermodynamics and its application to cosmology

The thermodynamics of superstring theories (SST-I, SST-II and heterotic string theory) and its application to the cosmology are studied. The free energy of superstring gas is calculated in the one-loop approximation and the stability of the extra torus dimensions is discussed. Assuming that the Einstein equation dictates the evolution of the universe, we show that matter dominated universe filled with massive particles would never be realized at the beginning of the universe, contrary to the naive expectation in the superstring cosmology.     

Non-commutative superstring worldsheet

In this paper we consider the worldsheet of the superstring as a non-commutative space. Some additional terms can be added to the superstring action, such that for an ordinary worldsheet they are zero. The expansion of this extended action up to the first order of the non-commutativity parameter leads to the new supersymmetric action for the string. For the closed superstring, we obtain the boundary state that describes a brane. From the open string point of view, the new boundary conditions on the worldsheet bosons generalize the non-commutativity of spacetime. Finally, we suggest some definitions for the non-commutativity parameter of the superstring worldsheet. Received: 19 April 2002 / Published online: 18 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a" e-mail: kamani@theory.ipm.ac.ir     

Superstring effects on D=4, N=1 supergravity

We give a lagrangian and supersymmetry transformation rules for the four-dimensional N=1 supergravity sector of superstring theories with their O(α′) corrections, obtained by the dimensional reduction á la Witten of the effective action of the ten-dimensional heterotic superstring. We also give general forms of O(α′ ″) corrections to supersymmetry transformation rules which arise through an axial vector superfield. Since our system is based on the ten-dimensional superstring without any auxiliary fields, our four-dimensional N=1 supergravity is free of auxiliary fields. Our point-field theory lagrangian is supposed to describe the mass-less fields in the untwisted sector of the ten-dimensional heterotic superstring propagating on orbifolds.     

Target extraction from blurred trace infrared images with a superstring galaxy template algorithm

Accurate and efficient targets extraction from blurred trace infrared images has very important meaning for latent trace evidence collection in crime scene. Based on the superstring theory, a superstring galaxy template extraction algorithm for infrared trace target is presented. First, all of the pixels are divided into three classes: target pixels, background pixels and blurred pixels. Next, the superstring template characteristics for every pixel in a blurred infrared image are calculated as the features of each pixel. Finally, a galaxy covering algorithm is proposed, target pixels and background pixels are used for training the galaxy covering domain of every galaxy classifiers, and these classifiers will divide each blurred pixel into two classes: a target pixel or a background pixel. Experimental results indicate that the superstring galaxy template algorithm can improve the target extraction rate and reduce the extraction error rate.     

New D = 10, N = 1 superspace supergravity and local symmetries of superstrings

The superspace formulation of new D = 10, N = 1 supergravity is developed. It is shown that the background superspace of the new theory can be coupled to a test superstring in such a way that the local symmetries of the superstring are intact. This formulation necessarily makes use of the Vainberg construction so the action is analogous to the effective action for QCD with the WZW term. The results suggest that the ambiguity between the massless two-form and six-form in the SO(32) or E₈ × E₈ superstring theories can only be resolved by a gauge invariant, Lorentz-covariant formulation of superstring field theory.     

Essay: Chaos in Superstring Cosmology

We show that the general solution of the Einstein-Dilaton-antisymmetric-tensors field equations of all superstring theories exhibits a chaotic oscillatory behaviour of the Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz type near a cosmological singularity. This result indicates that superstring cosmology is much more complex than is assumed in the scenarios presently discussed in the literature.     

N=2 superstrings in more than two dimensions?

For a string propagating in a Parisi-Sourlas superspace the critical dimension equals the difference in the number of positive-and negative-dimensional coordinates. In this way the dimension of the Minkowski subspace can be increased. Here we apply this to the N=2 superstring, with D_c=2 and find anomaly-free N=2 superstrings in all positive even dimensions. Nontrivial theories can be constructed from these N=2 theories by truncation: In a Parisi-Sourlas superspace with a ten-dimensional Minkowski subspace we find the N=1 NSR superstring, and with a four-dimensional Minkowski subspace we find an N=1 superstring, classically related to the D=10 NSR superstring by a canonical transformation.     

Open Superstring Star as a Continuous Moyal Product with B Field

In this paper, we recast the matter part of the open superstring star in the present ofa constant B field. Byusing a different coordinate representation the matter part of the open superstring star is identified with the continuousMoyal product of functions of anti-commuting variables. Fortunately we find it does not depend on the value of the Bfield.     

Superstring loop corrections to σ-model ß-functions

We present an algorithm for string one-loop corrections to σ-model ß-functions in closed superstring theories, by identifying the massless poles in string one-loop amplitudes with the ultraviolet divergences in the corresponding two-dimensional σ-model. The string one-loop corrected ß-functions for the type-II superstring are given.     

Superstring theory

Dual string theories, initially developed as phenomenological models of hadrons, now appear more promising as candidates for a unified theory of fundamental interactions. Type I superstring theory (SST I), is a ten-dimensional theory of interacting open and closed strings, with one supersymmetry, that is free from ghosts and tachyons. It requires that an SO(n) or Sp(2n) gauge group be used. A light-cone-gauge string action with space-time supersymmetry automatically incorporates the superstring restrictions and leads to the discovery of type II superstring theory (SST II). SST II is an interacting theory of closed strings only, with two D = 10 supersymmetries, that is also free from ghosts and tachyons. By taking six of the spatial dimensions to form a compact space, it becomes possible to reconcile the models with our four-dimensional perception of spacetime and to define low-energy limits in which SST I reduces to N = 4, D = 4 super Yang-Mills theory and SST II reduces to N = 8, D = 4 supergravity theory. The superstring theories can be described by a light-cone-gauge action principle based on fields that are functionals of string coordinates. With this formalism any physical quantity should be calculable. There is some evidence that, unlike any conventional field theory, the superstring theories provide perturbatively renormalizable (SST I) or finite (SST II) unifications of gravity with other interactions.     

Off-shell conformal methods for the superstring

Superconformal field theory is used to compute off-shell amplitudes for the superstring. Off-shell three- and four-point functions in Witten's superstring field theory are obtained. The problem of gauge invariance due to the associativity anomaly in the bosonic sector is resolved to order g².     

The inflationary universe in the gauged N=8 supergravity induced from a superstring

N=8 supergravity can contain a large negative cosmological constant. If this supergravity was induced on a four-dimensional space-time submanifold of a ten-dimensional space by a superstring moving in the latter manifold then there exists the possibility of a mutual cancellation of the constant mentioned and a positive one arising on the given submanifold due to quantum effects from the superstring. After this the evolution of the submanifold will depend essentially on its topological properties.     

Calculation of multiloop amplitudes in the theory of closed oriented superstrings

Multiloop superstring amplitudes are obtained upon integrating local amplitudes with respect to modular parameters of the Schottky supergroup and with respect to vertex coordinates in the nonsplit (1|1) complex supermanifold. Ambiguities in this integration are removed by the condition requiring that the local symmetries of the amplitudes under discussion be conserved. Local superstring amplitudes are calculated by summing local fermion-string amplitudes. The resulting superstring amplitudes are free from divergencies. The vacuum amplitude is zero, in just the same way as the one-, two-, and three-point massless-boson amplitudes are. The amplitudes in question vanish after integration of corresponding local amplitudes with respect to interaction-vertex coordinates and with respect to the limiting points of the Schottky supergroup, with the exception of those (3|2) points that are fixed by SL(2) symmetry.