钯银膜无电解镀共沉积的探讨

无电解镀共沉积钯银合金膜是纯化氢同位素最有发展前途的方法之一 .膜的制备技术有物理气相沉积法 [1 ]、化学气相沉积法 [2 ]、电镀 [3]和无电解镀法 [4]等 .无电解镀法使用设备简单、易于操作 ,而且可以均匀地沉积在形状复杂、硬度不同的基体上 .国内对电镀钯及有关钯银合金膜的研究 [5]较多 ,但无电解镀的研究甚少 .本文用无电解镀法制备含银量在摩尔分数2 3%～ 2 5 %的有支撑钯银膜 (膜厚为 3～ 5μm) .采用含有钯银两种离子的镀液制得的膜层 ,优于机械混合的均匀程度 .结果表明膜层没有合金化 .无电解镀条件为 :镀温 (5 0± 1 )℃ ,镀…     

改性壳聚糖质子交换膜在隔膜电解制备FeO42-中的应用

由壳聚糖,经2%H2SO4交联处理、1%H2SO4掺杂制备壳聚糖质子交换膜.膜特性(如溶胀率、交换容量、渗透性、电解隔膜等)测试表明,该壳聚糖膜可适用于隔膜电解制备高铁酸盐.与Nafion膜相比,具有工艺简便,价格便宜等优点.     

一种适合于电解隔膜使用的离子交换膜——聚偏氟乙烯型离子交换膜的研制

一、前言六十年代以来,离子交换膜电渗析技术已被大规模应用于浓缩海水制盐,咸水淡化制取淡水以及处理工业废水等方面。稍后,作为电极反应隔膜的应用也获得了推广,如:丙烯腈电解还原二聚制取尼龙66的原料已二腈,铀的电解还原以及电解食盐制取低含盐量的氢氧化钠等。作为电极反应隔膜用的离子交换膜和一般电渗析膜的要求不同,因为它要接触电极室的渗液,所以除一般要求外,还应具有耐酸、碱、化学腐蚀,耐温性好,抗氧化性好的特点。随着我国社会主义建设的发展,离子交换膜电渗析技术在国内已得到了广泛的应用,并对适于电解隔膜应用的离子交换膜提出了要求。为了寻找一种具有上述性能的离子交换膜,我们开     

全氟4-甲基-3,6-二氧杂-△~7-辛酸甲酯的合成

在离子交换膜法制碱中,全氟羧酸离子交换膜是比全氟磺酸离子交换膜(Nafion)优良的电解隔膜。它不需经过化学改性就能直接应用于食盐电解,且可在电解制取30～40％浓碱的情况下保持90％以上的电解电流效率。全氟羧酸离子交换膜为四氟乙烯与一种含有羧酸甲酯的全氟烯醚的共聚物:     

电解KI溶液的微型实验

电解、电镀、电池和电腐蚀是大学无机化学或普通化学实验的必备实验内容。许多学校的电解实验多取材于电解水、电解食盐水或电解氯化铜溶液等,我校是用串联两对Zn—Cu原电池为电源,电解KI溶液为普化实验内容。作者将常规型实验作了微型化改革,实验在2ml的微型试管中进行,取得良好的效果。具有现象明显,节约试剂,操作简便,富有思考     

丙烯酸含漫改性的全氟磺酸膜

全氟磺酸膜(“耐氟昂”)是最先工业化生产的全氟型离子交换膜:它具有突出的耐氧化性。目前已成功地用于电解氯化钠制备氢氧化钠。全氟磺酸膜虽有不少优点,但是性能还不够理想,主要是电流效率低。这是由于膜中的磺酸基具有很强的亲水性,可使阴极室的氢氧根向阳极室逆扩散,从而使电流效率降低。为了改进膜的性能,我们曾采用全氟磺酸(Na型)膜含浸丙烯酸,苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯,制备改性的全氟磺酸膜,以阻止氢氧根扩散。结合测定交换容量,含水率和扩散系数等,来研究含浸液组成对膜性能的影响。并根据电解氯化钠制备氢氧化钠的试验结果,比较了改性膜和未经改性膜的性能。     

铝阳极氧化着色封闭膜的电子显微分析

本文对铝合金阳极氧化电解着色及封闭膜的分区结构、氧化膜定向生长和封闭结构进行了扫描电镜显微分析和透射电子显微分析。其分析结果对铝合金精饰工艺研究具有较好的指导作用。     

电解熔融氯化钠演示实验设计

电解熔融NaCl实验具有较高的教学价值,但由于实验要求太高在教学实践中难以实做。因此通过实验研究,指出电解熔融NaCl实验设计要解决产生高温、降低NaCl熔点、选择电极、选择容器、如何取出钠等问题,在此基础上设计电解熔融NaCl并检验金属Na和Cl2的演示实验,该实验易于操作,现象明显,能够为电解的教学提供有效支持。     

浓碱溶液中氯离子的痕量测定

我所离子交换膜室成功地应用离子交换膜进行电解制碱,改革了工业上制高纯碱的工艺,革去了汞害。在电解过程中需要测定碱液中所含氯离子,现一般用比色法、比浊法或滴定法来测定,操作比较烦琐,因此我们采用库仑电量法来测定。一级品试剂所含氯离子浓度仅在5微克/毫升以下,故微量卤素自动分析仪的灵敏度必须很高,才能测出痕量级的氯离子浓度。本方法的优点是:(1)一般能连续进行测试(在碱液的情况下因对电解液pH值有中     

CS-CMC聚合物电解质膜的制备及在电生成FeO_4~(2-)中的应用

以戊二醛为交联剂,制备了壳聚糖(CS)-羧甲基纤维素(CMC)聚合物电解质膜.用电子显微镜观察其表面形貌.IR分析表明该聚合物薄膜含有COOH,NH 3官能团,具有两性离子的特征.与CS膜或CMC膜相比,该膜能稳定存在于酸碱溶液中.膜特性研究表明CS-CMC聚合物电解质膜具有离子交换和选择性渗透能力,可作为隔膜电解制备高铁酸盐.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.