野生新鲜鸡屎藤挥发性化学成分的GC/MS分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术对广东野生新鲜鸡屎藤地上部分的挥发油化学成分进行了分析研究,鉴定出了11种化学成分,主要成分有反(式)-2-已烯醇-1(73.60%)、3-已烯醇-1(18.80%)、正已醇(1.87%)、二甲基二硫化物(1.70%).     

基于UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS研究人参皂苷在发酵过程中的生物转化

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱串联质谱(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS)联用技术分析鉴别人参发酵前后的皂苷类化合物,研究了整体人参皂苷在自然发酵过程中的生物转化规律.通过鉴定45种人参皂苷,比较了生晒参和发酵人参中人参皂苷种类及含量的差异,在发酵人参中检测到20(S)-Rg_3和20(R)-Rg_3,20(S)-Rh_1和20(R)-Rh_1等异构体人参皂苷,其中10余种人参皂苷在自然人参状态下不存在或未被检出.本研究对于人参发酵前后的化学成分变化进行了高通量的精准分析,对同类天然产物发酵研究具有借鉴意义,可指导人参炮制品生晒参和发酵人参的安全有效使用.     

纤维素酶前处理没药挥发油成分的GC/MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别从未处理和纤维素酶前处理的没药中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其挥发油成分进行分析。从中分别鉴定出38种和34种化学成分,用峰面积归一法通过数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的质量分数,占挥发油总成分的67.95%和70.05%。     

葛花中异黄酮类化学成分的RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS研究

采用快速分离液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用(RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)技术对葛花中的异黄酮类成分进行了研究, 得到了相应化合物的保留时间、 分子量及结构信息. 研究结果表明, 葛花水提取液的主要成分为异黄酮类及其苷类化合物, 并含有皂苷类和酚类化合物. 在葛花中首次发现同属植物狐尾葛特有化合物Alopecuroides A和葛根中的化合物3'-甲氧基大豆苷元-7-O-甲醚. 讨论了异黄酮类化合物的质谱碎裂途径及规律.     

唇形科植物挥发油化学成分的GC/MS研究

在运用GC/MS技术的基础上采用HELP(直观推导式演进特征投影法)方法研究了九种唇形科植物的化学成分, 并以唇形科植物半枝莲为例详细介绍了HELP的解析过程. 应用总体积积分法测定各成分的相对百分含量. 鉴定出相对共有成分达70余种, 大多数为萜类化合物及其衍生物. 不同的唇形科植物的挥发油化学成分与特征成分有明显差异. 九种药材挥发性成分中均含有桉油精(Eucalyptol, 含量0.10%～1.01%)和芳樟醇(Linalool, 0.11%～3.05%). 利用GC/MS分析法结合化学计量学分辨方法鉴定挥发油化学成分, 比单独使用GC-MS法结果更准确、可靠.     

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS法分析鉴定鸡血藤中药复方提取物的化学成分

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)技术定性鉴别鸡血藤中药复方提取物的化学成分。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式扫描。通过质谱数据库、化合物裂解规律,并结合相关文献进行鉴别。共鉴别出82种化合物,以黄酮类、苯丙素类、萜类化合物为主,包括黄酮类22种、苯丙素类24种、萜类25种、酚酸类4种、甾体类6种、氨基酸类1种,各药材组成复方后首次发现的新化学成分有10种。UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术为鉴别鸡血藤中药复方中化学成分提供了简便、快速、准确的方法,鉴定得到的各个化学成分涵盖了组方中各味药材的主要成分,可为该复方的质量标准及药效物质研究提供实验依据和理论基础。     

吹扫/捕集-热脱附气质联用法对荷叶挥发油成分的对比分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取提取得到荷叶挥发油, 通过吹扫/捕集-热脱附法(P&T-TD)对上述提取物中挥发性成分进行富集, 以气质联用(GC/MS)进行定性检测, 同时与直接进样GC/MS法分析的成分进行比较. 两种方法成功分离分析出有机酸、酯、醛、醇、酚、烷烃、芳香烃、烯烃以及含氮、硫、氧杂原子的化合物等共计84种成分, 其中P&T-TD GC/MS鉴定出63种有机化合物, GC/MS鉴定出41种有机化合物, 有20种成分共同检出. 对比分析表明: P&T-TD GC/MS的吹扫/捕集-热脱附过程能富集各种组分, 相比GC/MS分析, 可以鉴定出微量成分及更多挥发性和半挥发性成分, 在精油等挥发性成分的分析检测中使用优势明显.     

基于HPLC-TOF/MS与HPLC-MS/MS的养心氏片主要成分研究

采用高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱联用技术(HPLC-TOF/MS),建立了快速鉴定养心氏片化学成分的定性方法,并利用高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)对养心氏片的主要成分进行定量分析。HPLC-TOF/MS法以ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 mL·min~(-1),柱温30℃,质谱采用正、负离子扫描,可推断鉴定养心氏片中的30种成分。HPLC-MS/MS法采用Waters XBridgeBEH C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,2.5μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min~(-1),柱温30℃,Scheduled MRM正负离子切换监测模式定量分析。对养心氏片中16种主要成分进行HPLC-MS/MS分析,16种成分的质量浓度与峰面积呈良好线性,相关系数r≥0.997,检出限为0.039 1~78.1μg/L,定量下限为0.156~312μg/L,平均加标回收率为96.8%~103.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~3.5%。结果表明,该方法操作简便、结果准确、重复性好,可用于养心氏片中多组分的同时定性和定量分析,为养心氏产品的质量控制、药理研究和应用奠定了基础。     

GC - MS法对不同产地大米的快速鉴定

采用GC - MS对4种不同产地大米中的脂溶性成分进行分析,并利用NIST标准质谱库和质谱图搜索程序进行检索.结果表明,大米中主要的脂溶性成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、角鲨烯和谷甾醇.不同产地大米中脂溶性化合物的指纹谱图存在显著差异,通过主成分分析和聚类分析,建立了一种对不同产地大米进行快速鉴定的方法.     

DEIP中微量杂质的GC/MS分析

研究了间苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEIP)中微量杂质的化学成分,用减压精馏的方法对样品进行分离浓缩,用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)进行分析,结合生产工艺,谱库检索及人工解谱进行鉴定,鉴定出DEIP中主要11种杂质,用归一化法进行定量,建立了用GC/MS方法检测DEIP中微量杂质的方法。     

UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS结合化学计量学方法研究酸枣仁入血成分

建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术结合化学计量学快速分析酸枣仁入血成分的方法。以腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)建立失眠大鼠模型,给药组连续灌胃给予酸枣仁水提物(30 g/kg)5 d后,分别收集模型组和给药组的血清样品。采用Oasis PRIME HLB 96孔板对血清样品预处理,以超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱质谱(UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS)进行数据采集,最后采用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)及变量投影重要性分析(VIP)筛选差异性的原型化合物及代谢产物。共鉴定和推断了20个入血成分,包括11个原型成分及9个代谢产物。研究结果为进一步深入探讨酸枣仁改善失眠的效应物质提供了基础。     

Development of an analytical strategy to identify and classify the global chemical constituents of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by using UHPLC with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multiple data‐processing approaches

According to traditional Chinese medical theory, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen needs to be stir‐fried before clinical application for its sedative‐hypnotic effect enhancement. A rapid and comprehensive analysis strategy of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and multiple data analysis platforms was developed for the efficient and sensitive identification of components in crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen to explore the composition changes that happen during the stir‐frying process. Both positive and negative ion modes were applied for mass spectrometry detection, and 40 components were identified from crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, respectively. Principal component analysis and t‐test were applied to find differences between crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. As a result, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen samples could be clearly divided into two groups according to their processing methods, and 19 key markers that contributed to the classification significantly (P < 0.05) were found. This kind of change in contents of components might be responsible for the recommended clinical application of parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.     

Identification of the absorptive constituents and their metabolites in vivo of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by UPLC–ESI–Q-TOF–MS/MS

In this research, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–Q-TOF–MS/MS) was used for detection and identification of the absorptive constituents and their metabolites in rat plasma, urine and feces following oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen alcohol extract. After structure elucidation, a total of 12 compounds in rat plasma, comprising seven prototypes and five metabolites, 28 compounds in urine, comprising 17 prototypes and 11 metabolites, and 23 compounds in feces, comrpising 17 prototypes and six metabolites, have been tentatively identified by comparison with standard compounds and reference literature information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematical metabolic study on the seed. Mostly importantly, we propose that gastric acid could convert jujubosides into an absorbable form of ebelin lactone oligosaccharides, which may be responsible for the low bioavailability and specific bioactivities of these compounds. Additionally, we deduced that the absorption site of ebelin lactone oligosaccharides is located in the stomach, and that the ebelin lactone form of jujubosides may be more suitable for absorption than its hydrolysis product. Our investigation will be helpful to narrow the scope for potentially active ingredients of the seed, and pave the way for determination of the pharmacological mechanism of the seed.     

Modulation effect of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extracts on IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in mouse serum

This study aims to explore and evaluate the effects of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extracts on the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-4 in mice, and the regulative effect of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae on the cytokine system. Using an ELISA assay, the serum levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-4 were examined in mice after intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) with Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extracts. The results showed that the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly increased compared with the control groups (p<0.01), while the level of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significantly decreased (p<0.01). Semen Ziziphi Spinosae possesses certain modulation effects on cytokines, and the immuno-regulating function and hypnosis effects of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae may be relevant to these modulation effects on cytokines.     

Analysis of fatty oil in Semen Ziziphi Spinosae by capillary gas chromatography

A simple and fast capillary gas chromatographic (CGC) method with flame ionization detection is developed for the analysis of fatty oil in Semen Ziziphi Spinosae. After methyl-esterification, eight components are identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The derivatization condition is investigated in order to validate this method. Palmitic acid and stearic acid are quantitated simultaneously. The limits of detection are 5.024 microg/mL for palmitic acid and 6.957 microg/mL for stearic acid, respectively. The limits of quantitation are 16.76 microg/mL for palmitic acid and 23.19 microg/mL for stearic acid, respectively. The percent recoveries of palmitic and stearic acid are 97.4% and 96.6%. CGC is shown to be a quick and informative tool for the analysis of fatty oil in Semen Ziziphi Spinosae.     

A novel strategy for target profiling analysis of bioactive phenylethanoid glycosides in Plantago medicinal plants using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

Phenylethanoid glycosides are a group of phenolic compounds with diverse biological activities such as hypotensive, diuretic, and hypoglycemic effects. In this study, a target profiling analysis approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) was established on the basis of parent ion scanning for m/z 161, the characteristic product ion for phenylethanoid glycosides. It was successfully employed to discriminate the chemical composition of phenylethanoid glycosides between Plantaginis Herba and Plantaginis Semen, two medicinal parts of Plantago plants, which are widely used as herbal medicine in China. Totally, 34 phenylethanoid glycosides were characterized and tentatively identified by their retention times, MS, and tandem quadrupole MS (MS/MS) data. Combined with chemometrics analysis of principal component analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structural discriminate analysis, eight of them, especially acteoside and plantamajoside, were picked out and contributed to the chemical distinction between Plantaginis Herba and Plantaginis Semen, which might be responsible for the differences in diuretic and hypotensive effects between the two medicinal parts. This new approach for target profiling provides not only a novel idea for specific analysis of active chemical constituents in the same type, but also a promising and reference method for quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines.     

Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair Semen Persicae‐Flos Carthami by GC‐MS and chemometric resolution

Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) Semen Persicae‐Flos Carthami (SP‐FC) was performed by GC‐MS coupled with chemometric resolution method (CRM). Furthermore, temperature‐programmed retention indices were used together with mass spectra for identification of the volatile components. With the help of CRM, the two‐dimensional data obtained from GC‐MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound. By use of these methods upon two‐dimensional data, 26, 49, and 59 volatile chemical components in essential oils of single herb Semen Persicae, Flos Carthami, and HP SP‐FC were determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 78.42, 81.08, and 82.48% total contents of essential oil of single herb Semen Persicae, Flos Carthami, and HP SP‐FC, respectively. It is shown that the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis can be enhanced greatly by means of CRM. It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile chemical components of HP SP‐FC are almost the addition of those of two single herbs, but the main volatile chemical components of the former are completely different from those of single herb Semen Persicae or Flos Carthami because of chemical reactions and physical changes occurring in the process of decocting two single herbs. This means that chemical components especially pharmacologically active compounds in the recipe might be different from those of single herbs.     

Validation of an analytical method using UPLC–MS/MS to quantify four bioactive components in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of traditional and dispensing granules decoction of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen

A rapid and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous quantification of 6′′′-feruloylspinosin, spinosin, jujuboside A, and jujuboside B in rat plasma after the oral administration of traditional and dispensing granules (DG) decoction of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS). The four components were separated using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min equipped with a C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm particle size, Acquity BEH C₁₈). The mass spectrometer was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode. An aliquot of 100 μL rat plasma was deproteinized by 300 μL methanol. The supernatant was injected into the UPLC–MS/MS system for analysis. The calibration curves displayed good linearity. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were less than 7.3%. The accuracies ranged from −1.3 to 6.1%. The extraction recoveries ranged from 95.8 to 101.9%, and the matrix effects were satisfactory. For DG, half-life values (t_1/2) of 6′′′-feruloylspinosin and C_max of jujuboside A were elevated remarkably. MRT_0–t of jujuboside B was significantly increased. No significant variation was observed for the pharmacokinetic parameters of spinosin. The results could provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of traditional and DG decoction of ZSS.     

基于高效液相色谱定量指纹图谱和液相色谱-质谱联用定量的酸枣仁提取物质量考察

酸枣仁具有显著的改善睡眠和抗焦虑等作用,其提取物在助眠类功能食品开发中应用前景广阔。但目前市场上酸枣仁提取物质量参差不齐,缺乏统一标准,企业在使用时面临较大的质量风险,因此亟须建立一种准确、全面的内控质量评价方法。针对酸枣仁提取物中黄酮和皂苷两类主要活性成分紫外响应差异巨大且水提物中皂苷成分含量低的问题,该研究建立了酸枣仁水提物HPLC定量指纹图谱方法,共标定了8个共有峰。通过对照品指认、文献比对以及高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱数据解析,8个共有峰均为黄酮类化合物,该方法可同时实现7种黄酮成分的半定量对比分析和斯皮诺素的含量测定;采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱,在正离子模式下,以多反应监测扫描方式可实现酸枣仁皂苷A和B的含量测定;最终以雷达图展现上述10种成分的半定量和定量数据。应用上述方法,该研究对比分析了实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物和15家供应商的15批提取物样品。结果显示,实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物虽然原料来自不同饮片企业,但总体差异性不大,而不同厂家提供的酸枣仁提取物样品成分含量差异巨大,提示不同厂家存在辅料稀释、理枣仁掺假和醇提或纯化富集等情况。该法为企业制定内控质量标准和筛选合格供应商提供了依据。