核心素养导向的基于思维导图的分析化学教学实践与探讨

运用"思维导图"这一教学策略,引导学生在学习过程中自发有效地对各知识点进行关联,构建完整的知识网络,进而改变学生单纯依靠"机械式"记忆的学习方法,锤炼其对知识点的凝练总结能力,培养学生的自主学习能力,实现基于核心素养培养观导向的以培养具有良好分析化学素养,具备竞争力和创新能力的高端人才培养目标。     

以核心素养为导向的聚合反应工程教学探讨——以“理想混合反应器的热稳定性”为例

在核心素养理念下,以聚合反应工程教材中的"理想混合反应器的热稳定性"小节教学设计为例,挖掘工程学科教学过程中蕴含的教育价值。通过对热稳定性原理的解析、探讨,以及对工业中热稳定性实例的分析,引导学生以工程科学思维去认识原理性概念;以探讨问题为驱动,进行探究式学习,培养学生工程问题意识和实践应用能力;在课程教学过程中落实大学生核心素养的培养和发展。     

运用图示思维提升化学素养的教学案例研究

通过教学实践,引导学生运用图示思维,学习化学学科核心知识,提高获取信息,分析问题和解决问题的能力,深入理解化学学科本质,有效提升化学素养。     

关于CO2的两个性质实验的商榷

笔者学习了《化学教育》中有关用化学实验引导学生展开创新实验的文章,受益匪浅。利用探究性实验、演示实验、设计实验来培养学生创新精神和实践能力,已得到大家的共识,放在了应有的位置。但是,我们在利用实验培养学生创新思维时,不能一味追求新、奇,应注意当学生的思维进入误区时应给以点拨、纠正,不能置之不管,更不能连自己也不清楚。通过设计实验来培养学生创新思维时,不仅要注意实验的科学性、操作的示范性,还应注意图示的规范性,不能发生差错。     

基于泛在学习的SPOC翻转实验教学探讨——以极化曲线的测定为例

以物理化学实验“碳钢在碳酸氢铵溶液中极化曲线的测定”实验为例,探索构建了基于泛在学习的SPOC的线上线下的翻转实验教学模式,其教学设计基本思路为：课前实验与理论相联系,培养学生基本技能;课中实验与专业相衔接,培养学生创新思维;课后实验与生产相融合,培养学生应用能力。实践表明,该教学模式不仅拓展了实验内容,而且极大地激发了学生的探究热情和创新思维,培养了学生的实际应用能力。     

核心素养下的聚合反应工程教学改革探索研究

聚合反应工程是一门工程实践性较强的课程,基于核心素养培养理念本门课程进行教学改革探索,将大学生核心素养的培养落实到课程教学中。以注重实践应用能力,强化工程意识培养为重点,培养学生融合各学科知识,形成完整的知识体系;与校外实践平台合作,提升学生的社会适应能力、实践应用能力和创新意识;深化课程教学评价机制改革。通过对核心素养与已有课程体系的融合,探究了核心素养下高校聚合反应工程课程的教学改革策略。     

近5年化学奥林匹克(初赛)试题的分析及建议

从化学核心素养出发，分析近5年化学奥林匹克（初赛）试题考查的学生知识水平、能力水平、素养水平，并针对培养中学生核心素养的教学实践提出建议。     

手持技术探究离子浓度对沉淀溶解平衡的影响——同离子效应和盐效应

基于手持技术探究同离子效应和盐效应对氢氧化镁沉淀溶解平衡的影响,通过将氢氧化镁水溶液的宏观变化与实验曲线相结合,进而推测微观的反应原理,最后再以可逆方程式等符号形式进行表征,从而提高学生的证据推理能力,实现“四重表征”思维模式的培养,为相关的教学提供素材。此外,针对实验过程中的“异常”现象,引导学生进行猜想假设、设计实验方案、开展实验探究等活动,发展学生的批判质疑思维与创新精神,提高解决冲突与灵活思维的能力,落实“科学探究”与“科学态度”等核心素养的培养。     

以课题研究为导向的重质油改质实验教学改革

以重质油改质实验为例,从课题研究方向的确立、方法的学习、手段的掌握、规律的研讨4个方面阐述了以课题研究为导向的实验教学改革。教学实践表明,以课题研究为导向的教学实验改革与探索,可以促进学生参与科研课题研究,使其在专业实验中尽快地运用科研思维来参与实验,有利于全方位培养学生的实践能力,强化科研能力方面的训练。     

开放办学背景下化学类通识教育对大学生创新意识与批判思维培养的探索

在开放办学的背景下,以提高学生能力为导向,对化学类通识课程进行改革。采用开放教学方式,通过网络课程建设、组织学生进行社会实践,探究其中的化学问题,将理论教学与实践教学有机结合,培养学生对化学的兴趣和求知欲,让学生做学习的主人;通过探讨和解决具体问题,培养学生的创新实践能力和综合素质,以期融培养学生的化学素养与人文精神于一体,实现化学类通识教育与大学生创新意识及批判思维培养的有机结合。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.