高中生化学平衡迷思概念的调查研究

通过调查发现学生在学习化学平衡之后,仍然对化学平衡中的5大中心概念问题:(1)动态平衡的判断;(2)浓度、温度、压强(体积)等对化学平衡的影响;(3)浓度、温度、压强(体积)等对化学平衡反应速率的影响;(4)盐类对溶解平衡的影响;(5)惰性气体对化学平衡的影响等存在大量的迷思概念。在此基础上论文汇总了学生在化学平衡学习过程中存在的重要迷思概念以及对重要迷思概念产生原因进行了分析,最后得出结论,传统的教学很难转变学生的迷思概念。     

化合物与混合物迷思概念检测工具的发展与诊断

通过谈话、问卷调查等研究方法设计化合物与混合物迷思概念的二段式检测工具,分析辽西地区九年级学生化合物与混合物迷思概念的主要类型,归纳为生活经验型、名词产生型、概念混淆型和宏微错位型等4个方面,并且从性别、所在地区等方面探讨影响迷思概念的外在因素.对获得的数据结果进行spss13.0统计分析.     

环境化学迷思概念的调查研究

了解学生化学概念学习中存在的错误或模糊认识有利于提高概念教学的成效。选取了一些与环境化学相关的概念进行调查,从中找出学生存在的模糊认识,客观分析了学生环境化学迷思概念的成因,并提出了教学建议。     

高中生对“物质的量”概念群的理解水平测查

通过编制信度、效度可靠的测量工具对高中生“物质的量”概念群的理解水平进行测查,发现大部分学生主要处于部分理解并伴随一定的误解的理解水平;学生对各概念的理解均存在迷思概念;学生在“物质的量”概念群中的迷思概念共计14条。     

利用二段式测验诊断高三化学复习中学生的迷思概念

利用二段式测验准确诊断高三化学复习中学生的迷思概念对于教师顺利实施概念转变教学、选择适当的复习教学策略、提高高三复习效益有着重要的意义。详述了二段式测验题的类型、编制、施测和分析方法,并结合具体教学实例(化学平衡)讨论如何利用二段式测验诊断高三化学复习中学生的迷思概念。     

基于四段式诊断工具测查高一学生“物质的量”迷思概念*

使用四段式测验对116名高一学生进行“物质的量”迷思概念测查,共诊断出10个典型的真性迷思概念。结果表明学生缺乏对物质的量及其相关概念的本质理解,尤其是在物质的量定义上。学生尽管在测试中表现出过度自信,但能清楚认识自身在概念理解上的不足。信心指数在判断迷思概念的性质与了解学生对概念的元认知方面具有重要作用。     

烯丙基正离子旋转异构反应的计算化学实验设计

设计了一个面向高年级本科生或低年级研究生的计算化学探索实验，即利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算烯丙基正离子的旋转异构反应。该实验设计了反应物结构优化、过渡态寻找、内禀反应坐标建立等过程，可以较为全面地帮助学生了解计算化学的基本概念与操作，加深对分子微观结构的感知以及对过渡态理论中“旧键即将断裂，新键即将形成”概念的理解。本实验通过旋转异构反应的势能面的构建，也可以帮助学生认识反应热力学和动力学的差别。通过进一步的电荷布居分析以及前线轨道分析，可以帮助学生直观地学习并理解分子的电子结构以及反应活性位点概念。     

关于一些热力学公式使用条件的讨论

物理化学中的热力学公式在不同条件下有不同的衍变形式,极易诱导学生产生错误理解。通过实例分析,对热力学能和焓变化计算公式、赫姆霍兹自由能和吉布斯自由能判据、热力学基本方程等的使用和理解中存在的一些问题予以讨论。     

通过实验探究建构科学规律的教学——以“温度、压强对化学平衡的影响”为例

介绍了"温度、压强对化学平衡的影响"的教学设计思路，展现了如何利用丰富的实验素材来帮助学生建立温度、压强的影响规律。主要涉及2个环节：（1）通过探讨3种不同特点的平衡体系在冰水和热水浴中的变化过程，帮助学生打破温度影响因素的迷思概念，建立科学规律；（2）通过分析手持技术表征出的汽水平衡和NO₂平衡移动过程中压强的变化特点，帮助学生建立压强的影响规律。     

基于本体分类法的化学键迷思概念转变研究*

基于概念本体分类模型,以化学键相关内容为载体,详细阐述化学概念本体分类模型的内涵,以及在化学迷思概念转变中的应用。同时,从本体论的视角讨论本体分类法可作为化学概念教学的新的补充。     

The influence of the temperature on the formation of samarium nitrato complexes

The stability constants of the Sm(NO₃)²⁺ complex were determined at three temperatures, using the solvent extraction method. It was found that:K ₁ ⁰ =63.6 at 17°C, 30.3 at 35°C, 20.1 at 50°C. This corresponds with the formation of a Sm(H₂O)(NO₃)²⁺ complex at 17°C and a Sm(H₂O)₂(NO₃)²⁺ complex at 50°C.

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Der Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Bildung von Samarium Nitrato Komplexen

Zusammenfassung Die Stabilitätskonstanten von Sm(NO₃)²⁺ Komplexen wurden mittels der Lösungsmittelextraktionsmethode bei drei Temperaturen bestimmt. Dabei ergab sichK ₁ ⁰ =63.6 bei 17°C, 30.3 bei 35°C und 20.1 bei 50°C. Das entspricht der Bildung eines Sm(H₂O)(NO₃)²⁺ Komplexes bei 17°C und eines Sm(H₂O)₂(NO₃)²⁺ Komplexes bei 50°C.

     

Determination of density changes with expansion polymerization

Materials that polymerize without substantial volume contraction have numerous valuable applications in dentistry and other fields. Two new symmetrical aliphatic spiro-orthocar-bonates, formulated from cis- and trans-2-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexanol to give 2,3,8,9-di(tetramethylene)-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecanes, showed, by density determinations in dilute solution, that expansion occurs with polymerization. The cis / cis-spiroorthocarbonate racemic mixture showed a 3.9% expansion upon polymerization, and the trans/trans racemic mixture showed a 3.5% expansion. The densities were determined by pycnometry, with a precision reliable to at least four figures. This method is thus recommended for cases of soluble monomer/polymer pairs for which the density difference will be small and where the partial specific volumes are independent of concentration, thereby avoiding the complexities of variable physical states of monomer and/or polymer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

静电纺丝法制备相变调温纤维及其性能

以丙酮和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为混合溶剂,实验室自制固-固相变材料为相变工作物质,醋酸纤维素（CDA）为高分子载体,利用静电纺丝技术制备了相变调温纤维,研究了溶剂配比、纺丝液浓度、纺丝电压等对纤维形貌的影响。结果表明：以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）和丙酮为溶剂（体积比为1/4）,在纺丝液质量分数为22%、纺丝...     

微胶囊技术及其在相变材料中的应用

微胶囊技术因其独特的功能而得到广泛的应用。微胶囊相变材料是将微胶囊技术应用到相变材料中而形成的新型复合相变材料。文章介绍了微胶囊技术及其功能,重点论述了微胶囊相变材料及其结构组成、制备方法、研究进展和应用领域,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Conformation Disturbance of CopC by α-Naphthylamine

It is known that urea and guanidine hydrochloride(GuHCl) induce conformational change of proteins in a certain range of molar ratios. In our research,α-naphthylamine(NA) above 10-4 mol/L at pH 7.0 was discovered to perturb the conformation of CopC,a copper resistant protein with a Greek β-barrel motif; this was reflected by the greater fluorescence quenching and red-shifted emission peak of CopC. The conformation change of CopC was also verified in acrylamide collision experiment by comparing quenching leve...     

Deboronation-induced ratiometric emission sensing of fluoride by 1,3,5-tris-(o-carboranyl-methyl)benzene

1,3,5-Tris-(o-carboranyl-methyl)benzene (closo-1) and its nido-form (nido-1) were synthesized and fully characterized. The solid-state molecular structure of closo-1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound closo-1 exhibited an intense single emission in various organic solvents that was red-shifted with increasing solvent polarity. The positive solvatochromic effect and theoretical calculation results at the first excited (S₁) optimized structure of closo-1 strongly suggest that this emissive band can be assigned to an intramolecular charge transfer. Meanwhile, nido-1 showed a pronounced red-shift of the emissive band compared to that of closo-1 and aroused low-energy emission. The specific emissive features of nido-1 were attributed to the elevation of its HOMO level, estimated by cyclic voltammetry. The photophysical changes by conversion from closo-1 to nido-1 allowed the emissive color-tunable sensing of fluoride. Thus, the tris-o-carboranyl compound showed great potential as a chemodosimeter for fluoride anion sensing, detectable by the naked-eye.     

Thermodynamic quantities for the interaction of H+ and Na+ with C2H3O 2 − and Cl− in aqueous solution from 275 to 320°C

The aqueous reactions, {ie865-1}were studied as a function of ionic strength at 275, 300, and 320°C using a flow calorimetric technique. Log K, H and S values were determined from the fits of the calculated and experimental heats while Cp values were calculated from the variation of H values with temperature. The log K and H values for the first two reactions agree well with literature values at these temperatures. No previous results have been reported for the third reaction. The use of equations containing identical numbers of positive and identical numbers of negative charges on both sides of the equal sign (isocoulombic reaction principle) was applied to the log K values determined in this study. The resulting plots of log K for the isocoulombic reactions vs. I/T were approximately linear, which demonstrates that the Cp values for these reactions are approximately zero.Deceased 5 September 1987     

A new formulation of the phase change approach in the theory of conical intersections

We have reformulated the phase change approach to the theory of conical intersections suggested by Zilberg and Haas [S. Zilberg, Y. Haas, Adv. Chem. Phys. 124 (2002) 433]. We use the fact that the phase change loop variable in polar co-ordinates in the space of nuclear co-ordinates is related to the transformation of the diabatic VB states defined at the apex of the cone in a conical intersection. Thus one can use the basis transformation generated by θ to yield a sequence of orthogonal pairs of VB structures (anchors) at any value of in the loop in nuclear configuration space. In this way the branching plane concept becomes related to VB wavefunctions based on the correspondence between the two angles. The theory is developed in detail using a simple three orbital three electron example. Examples are presented for four and six orbitals. In the later case, our results differ from those of Zilberg and Haas.     

高分子控温相变免疫分析法测定苯妥因

利用水溶性高分子聚合物Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺和抗体的偶联，用异硫氰酸荧光素标记苯妥因作为竞争物建立了免疫测定苯妥因的新方法，与均相方法相比灵敏度有很大提高，其灵敏度达到２５μｇ／Ｌ，测定可在３０ｍｉｎ内完成。这一新方法可望应用于苯妥因的临床检测。     

Effects of MWNTs on phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity of a solid-liquid organic PCM

The effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the phase change enthalpy (ΔH) and the thermal conductivity (κ) of a solid-liquid phase change materials (PCM), palmitic acid (PA), have been investigated. The results showed that both the ΔH and the κ of the composite were lower than that of PA when the loading of MWNTs was small. As the concentration of MWNTs in the composites increased, the ΔH of the composites was slightly improved and then decreased linearly. However, the κ of the composites was monotonously increased from the minimum value. When the loading of MWNTs increased to 5% and no surfactant was added, the κ of the composite was enhanced to be 26% higher than that of PA. The κ of the composite could be enhanced by CTAB instead of SDBS when the loading of MWNTs was small, as SDBS showed no obvious effect on the κ of the composites. Furthermore, the effects of surface modification of MWNTs on the ΔH and the κ of the composites have also been investigated.