“抑制-萃取”法从含铁酸溶液中选择性提钒

酸法浸出石煤提钒因具有环保、金属收率高的特点而备受关注,但同时进入母液的铁(高含量的Fe³⁺)严重影响了钒的富集和产品生产。 对此,本文提出一种基于“抑制-萃取”效应的钒/铁分离混合萃取体系(P507(2-乙基己基磷酸-单2-乙基己基酯)+ N235(三辛/癸烷基叔胺)+磺化煤油),并详细研究了各因素对钒铁分离和钒富集的影响规律。 结果表明,P507是钒铁萃取的主体,N235不具萃Fe³⁺能力,是产生抑制铁萃取的关键因素,其浓度越高铁萃取率越低;对于酸度较高(pH≤0.4)的原料液钒/铁的分离效果仍较好,这表明了该“抑制-萃取”混合萃取体系对高酸度浸出液钒/铁分离的适用性。 采用氨水从负载有机相中反萃取钒铁,当氨水浓度为6 mol/L时钒的反萃率99%以上,25 ℃,V(有机相)∶V(水相)=2∶1时的反萃液中钒质量浓度14.73 g/L,铁质量浓度小于0.022 g/L,m(V)/m(Fe)=669.5。 该“抑制-萃取”法分离钒/铁操作简单、经济高效,极具工业化前景。     

新型混合价态钒锗簇合物的合成与表征

采用水热法合成了一个新型混合价态钒锗簇合物[Ge₆V₆^VV₉^ⅣO₄₂(OH)₆(H₂O)]·6(1,6-DAH)·21H₂O(1)(DAH=己二胺), 并通过X射线单晶衍射、 元素分析、 红外光谱、 热重分析、 价键计算、 X射线光电子能谱和磁性分析对其结构、 组成和性质进行了表征. X射线单晶衍射分析表明, 化合物1结晶属于六方晶系, R3c空间群, 晶胞参数 a=b=1.98418(6) nm, c=4.63450(3) nm; V=15.8015(12) nm³, Z=6. 该化合物中的[Ge₆V₆^VV₉^ⅣO₄₂(OH)₆(H₂O)]簇可看作由3个{Ge₂O₇}二聚体取代{V₁₈O₄₂}簇中的3个VO₅四方锥单元衍生而来. 价键计算和XPS分析表明, 化合物1中的钒原子处于混合价态. 磁性研究表明, 化合物1中存在弱的反铁磁相互作用.     

两个多钒盖帽的Keggin型多铌钒酸盐衍生物的水热合成与表征

通过水热方法合成了2个由多铌酸盐和过渡金属配合物形成的有机-无机杂化配合物[Cu(TETA)]₄[VNb₁₂(VO)₄O₄₀][OH]·10H₂O(1)和[Cu(TETA)]₄[VNb₁₂(VO)₆O₄₀][OH]₅·5H₂O(2)(TETA=三亚乙基四胺). 化合物1和2的多阴离子分别是由4个{VO₅}帽和6个{VO₅}帽加盖在Keggin型多铌酸盐的方形缺口上形成的, 它们通过多酸阴离子中Nb-O_t (O_t =端氧)与[Cu(TETA)]²⁺配合物的金属中心配位构筑形成三维结构. 价键计算结果表明, Keggin中心的钒为+5价, 帽位的钒为+4价, X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)结果也证实了这一结论. 通过单晶X射线衍射分析、红外光谱(IR)、粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、热重(TG)分析和元素分析对这2个化合物的结构和性质进行了表征.     

新磷酸铝分子筛CFAP-2的合成与鉴定

新AlPO₄结晶分子筛相CFAP-2合成于TMEDA(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙基二胺)-P₂O₅-A1₂O₅-H₂O系统,反应物摩尔组成的范围是:TMEDA:P₂O₅:Al₂O₃:H₂O=(1-1.1):1:1:50,晶体形貌,X射线粉末衍射分析,热分析及红外光谱的研究表明:CFAP-2与A1PO₄-21的晶体结构不同,在350℃时,CFAP-2的原粉相转变为具有三维骨架孔结构的较稳定的结晶相。     

静电纺丝法制备Mn2O3纳米纤维及其磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶过程和静电纺丝技术相结合方法, 以聚丙烯腈和醋酸锰为前驱物, 制得了PAN/Mn(CH₃COO)₂复合纳米纤维. 将该复合纤维高温煅烧, 获得了Mn₂O₃纳米纤维. 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、差热-热重(TG-DTA)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析等对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, Mn₂O₃纳米纤维为规则的一维结构, 直径分布均匀, 具有铁磁性-反铁磁性-顺磁性相互转化的特性.     

两种基于B5On(n=11, 12)簇构筑的具有深紫外吸收的硼酸盐

以碱金属和碱土金属为模板, 在溶剂热条件下合成了两种具有深紫外吸收特性的硼酸盐Na₂Ba· [B₅O₈(OH)]₂·2H₂O(1)和KSr[B₅O₈(OH)₂](2), 并利用单晶X射线衍射(SCXRD)、 粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和热重分析(TG)等手段对化合物的结构和性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 化合物1可归属于单斜晶系P2/c空间群, 结构中四连接的B₅O₁₀(OH)簇单元通过共氧连接形成含有两种9-元环窗口的二维层; 化合物2结晶于单斜晶系C2/c空间群, 结构中四连接的B₅O₁₀(OH)₂簇单元则通过共氧交替连接构筑了罕见的含有8-/12-元环孔道的二维褶皱层. 两种基于B₅O_n(n=11, 12)簇单元构筑的化合物均具有低于200 nm的深紫外吸收边, 在紫外/深紫外区具有潜在的应用价值.     

SiO2/MnFe2O4磁性固相萃取-HPLC测定水中喹诺酮类抗生素

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO₂/MnFe₂O₄复合材料,使用X-射线衍射仪、全自动物理吸附仪、振动样品磁强计、场发射扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对其进行了表征。将其作为磁性固相萃取材料,建立了SiO₂/MnFe₂O₄磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(MSPE-HPLC)测定水中氟罗沙星(FLE)、氧氟沙星(OFX)、诺氟沙星(NOR)、环丙沙星(CIP)和恩诺沙星(ENR)的新方法。磁性固相萃取的最佳条件为：SiO₂/MnFe₂O₄用量50 mg,萃取20 min后,用4 mL氨水/甲醇(12/88, V/V)混合液洗脱4 min。最佳条件下,SiO₂/MnFe₂O₄对FLE, OFX, NOR, CIP, ENR的富集倍数分别为57.3, 62.5, 53.2, 49.8和51.5倍。MSPE-HPLC测定5种抗生素的线性范围为...     

钒氧多酸桥联大环铜配合物的合成及其晶体结构

以大环铜配合物［CuL］(ClO₄)₂(L=5,7,7,12,14,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四-4,11-二烯)与NH₄VO₃反应合成了一个新的钒氧多酸桥联大环铜配合物［CuL］₂［H₂V₁₀O₂₈］·7H₂O(1),其结构经IR,元素分析和X-射线单晶衍射表征。1（CCDC: 1510831）属单斜晶系,P2(1)/n空间群,晶胞参数a=11.512(3) , b=18.170(4) , c=14.534(3) , β=102.997(4)°, V=2 962.3(11) ³, Dc=1.986 mg·cm^-3, Z=2, μ=2.300 mm^-1, R₁=0.047 2, wR₂=0.118 2。     

Sb2O3/BiVO4/WO3异质结构建及光电催化合成过氧化氢

采用溶剂热法-旋涂法构建了Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃半导体异质结,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等手段表征了其物化性质。在1.23 V(vs RHE)电位下,BiVO₄/WO₃的光电流密度相对于BiVO₄提高了2倍。进一步复合Sb₂O₃之后,虽然Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃薄膜的光电流密度有所下降,但其光电催化产H₂O₂的法拉第效率和产生速率得到明显提升。在1.89V(vs RHE)电位下,3c-Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃薄膜产H₂O₂的法拉第效率提高到约19%;1c-Sb₂O     

钒(Ⅴ)-硫氰酸盐-碱性三芳基甲烷染料的显色反应研究

研究了在表面活性剂存在下,钒(V)与硫氰酸盐和结晶紫、孔雀绿、灿烂绿、甲基紫及维多利亚蓝4R等碱性三芳基甲烷染料形成离子缔合物的显色反应.讨论了钒(V)-硫氰酸盐-结晶紫-阿拉伯树胶体系的反应条件和分析特性。摩尔吸光系数为2.55×10⁵L·mol^-1·cm^-1.此法可用于铝合金中微量钒的测定。     

Studies on Organo-Phosphorus, -Arsenic and -Antimony Polytungstates and Polymolybdates (Ⅶ)——Preparation and Properties of p-Aminophenylarsenic Polymolybdates

In order to investigate the influence of organic groups on the types of organoarsenic polymolybdates, the reations of p-aminophenylarsonic acid with sodium molybdate were tested at pH=3-5. Six salts were prepared and characterized. (1) (CN3H8)4 [(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · H2O, (2) (CN3H6)4 [(p-, NH3C6H4As )2Mo6O25 ] · 6H20, (3) Cs4 [(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 4H2O, (4) C(CH3)4N]4[(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 5H2O, (5) [(n-C4H9)4N]3Na[(p-NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 2H2O, (6) Ba2 NH3C6H4As)2Mo6O25] · 10H2O. The IR, UV spectra, and electrochemical behavior are reported and discussed. They should belong to the same type as that for phenyl derivative or the nitrophenyl derivatives. But the ammo groups can accept protons, so that the anion' s charge decreases. Very similar to the tungsten congener (CN3H6)4[(p-NH3C,H4As)2W6O25] · 4H2O, [(RAs)2Mo6O25]4- type of complexes are formed.     

Synthesis of titania and titanate nanomaterials and their application in environmental analytical chemistry

TiO₂ nanoparticles and H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O, Na₂Ti₂O₄(OH)₂ nanotubes were synthesized by solvothermal method and their applications in the degradation of active Brilliant-blue (KN-R) solution were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles had a good crystallinity and a narrow size distribution (about 4–5 nm); the obtained H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O, Na₂Ti₂O₄(OH)₂ were tubelike products with an average diameter of 20–30 and 200–300 nm length. The three catalysts we synthesized had some hydroxyl groups and the maximum absorption boundaries of the samples were all red-shifted, which indicated the samples had a promising prospect in photocatalysis.

The results of the photocatalytic experiments indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the samples was: TiO₂ > H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O > Na₂Ti₂O₄(OH)₂, which was in good accordance with the fact of FTIR and UV–vis absorption spectra. The formation mechanism of these nanostructures was also discussed.     

The first tetranuclear vanadium(V) peroxo complex: Preparation, vibrational spectra and X-ray crystal structure of K6[V4O4(O2)8(PO4)]·9H2O

The vanadium(V) peroxo phosphato complex K₇[V₄O₄(O₂)₈(PO₄)]·9H₂O has been obtained from the KVO₃---KH₂PO₄---KOH---H₂O₂---H₂O---C₂H₅OH system. The X-ray structural analysis revealed a tetranuclear anionic structure in which two dinuclear [V₂O₂(O)₂)₂(μ-η¹ : η²-O₂)₂] units are connected by the μ₄-PO₄ group.     

反尖晶石LiNiVO4的湿法低温合成

LixMn2O4正尖晶石化合物作为锂离子电池正极材料,由于其具有三维网络隧道结构而使电池呈现充放电电压高、 比容量大、 循环性能好和立方结构稳定等特点.Tarascon[1]认为,在LiMn2O4中若阳离子混合度越大,进入16d位置的Li+越多,Li+从16d位置移出将会使电池电压升高.但由于LixMn2O4中阳离子混合度不超过10%,因而限制了该材料的高电位及高电位峰的容量.反尖晶石化合物LiNiVO4的阳离子混合度可达到100%,因而会具有更高的电位(vs.Li).     

Optimised hydrothermal synthesis of multi-dimensional hybrid coordination polymers containing flexible organic ligands

In this paper, we summarise our recent research interest in the hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterisation of multi-dimensional coordination polymers. The use of N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (also referred to as H₄pmida) in the literature as a versatile chelating organic ligand is briefly reviewed. This molecule plays an important role in the formation of centrosymmetric dimeric [V₂O₂(pmida)₂]⁴⁻ anionic units, which were first used by us as building blocks to construct novel coordination polymers. Starting with [V₂O₂(pmida)₂]⁴⁻ in solution, we have isolated [M₂V₂O₂(pmida)₂(H₂O)₁₀] species (where M²⁺ = Mn²⁺, Co²⁺ or Cd²⁺) via the hydrothermal synthetic approach, which were then employed for the construction of [CdVO(pmida)(4,4′-bpy)(H₂O)₂]·(4,4′-bpy)_0.5·(H₂O), [CoVO(pmida)(4,4′-bpy)(H₂O)₂]·(4,4′-bpy)_0.5, [Co(H₂O)₆][CoV₂O₂(pmida)₂(pyr)(H₂O)₂]·2(H₂O) and [Cd₂V₂O₂(pmida)₂(pyr)₂(H₂O)₄]·4(H₂O) by the inclusion of bridging organic ligands in the reactive mixtures, such as pyrazine (pyr) and 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy). These materials can contain channel systems, and exhibit magnetic behaviour, not only due to the V⁴⁺ centres but also to the transition metal centres which establish the links between neighbouring dimeric [V₂O₂(pmida)₂]⁴⁻ anionic units. A closely related anionic moiety, [Ge₂(pmida)₂(OH)₂]²⁻, was engineered to allow the study of such crystalline hybrid materials using one- and two-dimensional high-resolution solid-state NMR.     

前驱体溶液pH值对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂的低温NH3-SCR性能的影响

采用调节前驱体溶液pH值的方法制备了用于低温NH₃-SCR的V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂。通过XPS、Raman光谱、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD、NH₃-DRIFT、XRD及物理吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析,并对其脱硝催化活性进行了测试。结果表明,前驱体溶液酸性的增强能够提高催化剂表面聚合态钒物种和V⁴⁺⁽³⁺⁾/V⁵⁺的比值以及表面酸性,增加活性位数量、降低反应的活化能、提高其脱硝催化性能。因此,通过提高前驱体溶液的酸性,有助于制备出脱硝活性较好的NH₃-SCR催化剂。     

Synthesis, reaction and structure of a series of chromium(III) complexes containing oxalate ligand

A series of chromium(III) complexes [Cr(bipy)(HC₂O₄)₂]Cl·3H₂O (1), [Cr(phen)(HC₂O₄)₂]Cl·3H₂O (2), [Cr(phen)₂(C₂O₄)]ClO₄ (3), [Cr₂(bipy)₄(C₂O₄)](SO₄)·(bipy)_0.5·H₂O (4) and [Mn(phen)₂(H₂O)₂]₂[Cr(phen)(C₂O₄)₂]₃ClO₄·14H₂O (5) were synthesized (bipy=4,4′-bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline), while the crystal structures of 1 and 3–5 have been determined by X-ray analysis. 1 and 3 are mononuclear complexes, 4 contains binuclear chromium(III) ions and 5 is a 3D supromolecule formed by complicated hydrogen bonding. 1–3 are potential molecular bricks of chromium(III) building blocks for synthesis heterometallic complexes. When we use these molecular bricks as ligands to react with other metal salts, unexpected complexes 4 and 5 are isolated in water solution. The synthesis conditions and reaction results are also discussed.     

The reaction of cis dioxobis(2,4 pentanedionato)molybdenum (VI) and 2,2′ pyridylbenzoxazole (L), a novel route to β[Mo8O26]

MoO₂(C₅H₇O₂)₂, where C₅H₇O₂ is 2,4-pentanedione (acac), reacts with 2-2′ pyridylbenzoxazole in acetone to give a product with stoichiometry, Mo₃C₂₄H₁₆N₆O₁₂. This product dissolves readily in dimethylformamide to give a brown solution which on standing for several weeks yielded crystals. An X-ray structure determination showed these crystals to contain uncoordinated 2-2′pyridylbenzoxazole and [(CH₃)₂NH₂]₄⁺[Mo₈O₂₆]⁴⁻.     

Degradation Method for Preparing Organo-Arsenic and-Antimony Polytungstates and Comparative Study of Corresponding Polymolybdates

In repeating and extending the syntheses of organo-arsenic polytungstates,we found that the "Degradation Method",taking sodium metatungstate as the starting material,was much more profita-ble.The known compound (CN3H6)5[(C6H5As)2W6O25H]2H2O(1) was read-ily reproduced with a high yield.A new compound (CN3H6)6[(p-OH,m-NO2C6H3As)2W6O25](2) was likewise synthesized.This "Degradation Method" using the reaction of sodium metatungstate with organo-anti-monate led to the isolation of four compounds with definite composition although amorphous in appearance.The preparations of organo-arsenic polymolybdates and organo-antimony polymolybdates were also studied and six new organo-arsenic polymolybdates were isolated: (CN3H6)5[(C6H5As)2MoO25H]H2O(3),(CN3H6)4[(n-C3H7As)2Mo5O21]2H O (4),(CNH)4[(n-C3H7As)2Mo6O24](5),Cs2[(CH3)2AsMo4O15H](6),相似文献   

室温固相反应制备Keggin结构杂多酸铵盐纳米粒子

纳米材料由于其量子尺寸效应及表面效应而在磁、光、电等方面显示出许多常规粒子所不具有的特性[1] .纳米材料成功应用的实例及潜在应用前景推动了各种纳米粉末的合成及合成方法的发展 [2～ 4 ] .利用低温固相反应制备纳米粒子尚不多见 ,但已有报道 [5,6] .多金属氧酸盐因其独特的结构而具有较高的催化活性、导电性、磁性、光电致变色性以及抗病毒活性 ,因而有着广阔的应用前景 ,这些方面的研究已越来越引起人们的兴趣 [7～ 10 ] .本文采用室温固相反应首次制备了多金属氧酸盐纳米粒子 (NH4 ) 3PMo12 O4 0 · 9H2 O(1 )和 (NH4 ) 3PW12…