碳酸氢根与金属阳离子反应的理论推演和实验研究

通过热力学理论推演和实验验证碳酸氢根与金属阳离子反应的情况,得出Al3+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Ag+与CO32-、HCO3- 不能共存,Fe2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Mg2+与CO32-不能共存,Fe2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Mg2+与HCO3- 有条件(稀溶液中)能共存等结论。     

一种1,8-萘酰亚胺Cr~(3+)离子荧光探针的研究

以4-硝基-1,8-萘酐、N,N-二甲基乙二胺为主要原料合成了一种荧光探针:4-(2′-N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)氨基-N-(2-N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基-1,8-萘酰亚胺(DDN)。研究了其紫外可见吸收和荧光发射光谱。考察了Fe3+,Cr3+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Cu2+和Co2+离子对该化合物荧光发射光谱的影响,结果表明Cr3+离子能使DDN荧光显著增强。滴定实验结果推测DDN与Cr3+的结合比为1∶2。在DDN浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L时,Cr3+浓度在5.0×10-7~2.0×10-5mol/L范围内,DDN荧光强度(F)与Cr3+离子浓度[Cr3+]呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为F=9430.3527+14600.2973[Cr3+],相关系数r=0.9976。检测限为4.3×10-7mol/L。     

紫外分光光度法快速测定溶液中微量碘离子

本文建立了紫外分光光度法快速测定溶液中微量I-的分析方法,I-浓度在0.005～0.200mmol/L范围内时,在226nm波长处的吸光度与浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数R=0.9991,检出限为9.909×10-5 mmol/L,分析方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0%～0.789%之间,加标回收率在98.65%～100.0%之间。温度、溶液酸碱度以及共存的K+、Na+、Br-、Cl-、SO42-对测定无影响;共存的CO32-、HCO3-干扰很大,可加酸除去;Mg2+、Ca2+的影响可利用相应线性关系进行校正。该方法可用于油田卤水中微量I-的测定。     

可溶性镁盐与碳酸氢钠不能直接生成碳酸镁的研究

通过实验深入研究并解释了可溶性镁盐与碳酸氢钠溶液混合的实验现象。明确指出由于碳酸氢镁配离子的形成和离子强度的影响,导致镁离子和碳酸根离子的有效浓度大大降低,因此可溶性镁盐与碳酸氢钠不能直接生成碳酸镁。进一步强调碳酸镁与强酸不能大量共存,明确指出方程式Mg2++HCO3-=MgCO3+H+缺乏科学依据。     

离子色谱法同时测定离子液体中的三氟乙酸根、氟硼酸根及卤素离子

采用离子色谱-直接电导检测法同时测定了离子液体中的三氟乙酸根(CF3COO~)、氟硼酸根(BF4~)及卤素离子(F~、Cl~、Br~)。实验采用Shim-pack IC-A3阴离子交换色谱柱,分别选用邻苯二甲酸氢钾、邻苯二甲酸+三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷、对羟基苯甲酸+三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷+硼酸为淋洗液,考察了淋洗液种类和浓度、乙腈浓度、色谱柱温度对分离测定三氟乙酸根、氟硼酸根及卤素离子的影响。确定的最佳色谱条件为: 以1.2 mmol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾为淋洗液,柱温45 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min。在此条件下,可同时分离上述5种阴离子,且色谱峰形对称。所测阴离子的检出限(以信噪比为3计)为0.01～0.50 mg/L,保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别不大于0.2%和1.2%。将方法应用于测定离子液体中的三氟乙酸根、氟硼酸根及卤素离子,加标回收率为98.0%～103.2%。该方法简单、准确、可靠,具有较好的实用性。     

离子液体-乙腈混合溶剂中电催化CO2与甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯

常温常压下分别在离子液体 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim]BF4)-MeCN混合溶剂和纯MeCN溶剂中研究了CO2在Cu电极上的循环伏安行为. 结果表明, CO2均发生不可逆还原反应生成CO-2. 与纯MeCN溶剂相比,在混合溶剂中CO2还原峰电位均有正移. 这表明溶剂中的咪唑型离子液体对活化CO2有催化作用. 在混合溶剂中,以CO2和MeOH为原料合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC), 考察了[bmim]BF4/MeCN体积比、工作电极材料、 MeOH浓度和电解电位等对DMC产物收率的影响. 与其他DMC合成方法相比,本法反应条件温和、设备简单、合成产物收率较高. 在优化的条件下, DMC产物收率可达79.6%. 并提出了合成DMC可能的反应机理.     

HCO_3~-浓度对油气田中CO_2腐蚀的影响

应用动电位扫描和失重法研究HCO3-对油气田CO2腐蚀的影响.实验表明,当HCO3-浓度低于0.042 mol/L时,随着HCO3-浓度的增加,溶液pH升高,H+的还原速率(阴极电流密度)下降;HCO3-浓度增至0.126 mol/L时,溶液中的H2CO3、HCO3-的直接还原占主导地位,故阴极过程随HCO3-浓度的上升而加速,对阳极过程,在HCO3-浓度低于0.042 mol/L下,主要为活化过程,而且其阳极溶解电流(密度)随HCO3-浓度的增加而下降;HCO3-浓度增至0.126 mol/L时,阳极过程出现明显的活化-钝化行为.高温高压腐蚀试验显示,材料的腐蚀速率随介质HCO3-浓度的增加而下降.SEM、EDS、XRD分析表明,在较低的HCO3-浓度下,腐蚀产物膜的主要成分为FeCO3晶体,HCO3-浓度较高时,则腐蚀产物主要为Ca、Mg的化合物,并形成Ca(Fe,Mg)(CO3)2复盐.在高pH值下,Ca2+、Mg2+比Fe2+更容易沉积.     

Fe3+/Ba2+/Co2+/Zn2+/Cu2+在NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O和NaOH-Na2CO3体系中的热力学分析

通过对Fe3+/Ba2+/Co2+/Zn2+/Cu2+在NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O和NaOH-Na2CO3体系中的热力学分析,得到各金属离子总浓度(cMe)与pH值的关系,确定了2种体系中5种离子完全共沉淀的pH值范围.结果表明:在NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O体系中,Co2+、Zn2+、Cu2+3种离子和氨的配位能力很强,其中Cu2+与氨的配位能力最强,在相同的pH值条件下,Cu2+沉淀困难,5种金属离子的完全共沉淀区域由Cu2+决定.在NaOH-Na2CO3体系中,随总碳浓度(cc)的增加,Ba、Co、Zn、Cu的溶解度都随之减小,当cc=1.0 mol·L-1时,各金属离子完全共沉淀的pH值范围为7.5～11.在两种体系中,Fe的溶解度都是随pH值的增大而减小,最终达到平衡.以NaOH-Na2CO3 为沉淀剂.在pH=10.0的条件下,采用化学共沉淀法合成出了晶粒细小、粒度均匀的Y型纯相结构的平面六角铁氧体微粉.     

改性离子液体中异丁烷与丁烯的烷基化反应

向由无水三氯化铝和盐酸三乙基胺合成的离子液体中溶入不同过渡金属（铜、铁、锌等）离子，考察它们对离子液体催化异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应性能的影响。结果表明：过渡金属离子的加入能不同程度地影响离子液体的催化性能。溶入Cu2+和Cu+后，离子液体的催化性能有显著的改善，当Cu2+的摩尔加入量为三氯化铝的5%时，烷基化油收率达到丁烯体积的178%，对C8的选择性为75%，烷基化油辛烷值（RON）为92.2，并且离子液体可以重复使用。     

基于硫氰酸铵增敏可视化检测微量铜离子

NH4SCN能将三角形银纳米片(TAg-NPs)腐蚀。利用微量Cu2+与抗坏血酸(Vc)发生反应生成的Cu+进而被歧化为铜原子后,能有效覆盖在TAg-NPs活性银原子的表面,该覆盖层能阻止NH4SCN对TAg-NPs的腐蚀。导致TAg-NPs的形貌、颜色、最大吸收波长等特性随Cu2+浓度(6.0×10-8~1.0×10-6mol·L~(-1)范围)的改变而改变。基于TAg-NPs最大吸收波长的变化值与铜离子浓度之间存在的定量关系,建立了检测微量Cu2+的快速、简便的分光光度分析法。且基于Cu2+浓度不同引起的溶液颜色不同,建立了更为快速、简便的可视化半定量检测铜离子方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.