稀土催化材料的制备、结构及催化性能

稀土催化材料的研究和发展为La和Ce等高丰度轻稀土元素的高质、高效利用提供了有效的途径.稀土元素具有未充满电子的4f轨道和镧系收缩等特征,作为催化剂的活性组分或载体使用时表现出独特的催化性能.本文从稀土氧化物、稀土复合氧化物、稀土-贵金属催化剂、稀土改性多孔催化材料等稀土催化材料出发,重点介绍和讨论了稀土的添加对催化剂的结构、活性和稳定性等的影响,阐述了稀土与过渡金属及氧化物、稀土与贵金属之间的相互作用,及对催化剂催化性能的影响.并对稀土催化材料的研究和发展提出了思考和展望.     

稀土元素在生产和生活中的应用

介绍了稀土元素在生产和生活中的应用,包括稀土发光材料、稀土磁性材料、稀土催化材料、稀土储氢材料等。     

稀土矿浮选捕收剂中配位作用的研究进展

稀土元素在科技、产业、国防等方面具有重要的战略价值，了解稀土矿的浮选捕收剂对于稀土冶炼、稀土元素的有效使用至关重要。通过介绍浮选捕收剂中配位作用的研究简况，进一步阐明了浮选捕收剂结构、选择与稀土元素作用机理的相关性。     

X-射线荧光光谱滤纸片法测定钇、铒、铥、镱、镥的组分

稀土分离过程中常出现仅含有几个稀土元素的中间产物,产物的组分数据对研究稀土元素的分离机理及规律具有重要意义。X-射线荧光光谱法分析稀土元素已有许多报导。溶液法对稀土含量低的试样其荧光强度较低,同时在真空条件下溶液法又比较复杂。然而在研究分离稀土的过程中有时仅有几十mg试样。为此本法选用了试样用量少的薄试样的滤纸片法。薄试样法应用的比较多,六十年代初期已有过推荐和报导。由于稀土元素的离     

稀土基中子和伽马复合屏蔽材料

随着航空航天、核技术等领域的发展和核能的广泛利用，对核辐射屏蔽材料的性能也提出更高的要求。核反应中产生的中子、伽马射线的穿透能力较强，危害较大，所以对于中子、伽马辐射屏蔽材料的研究成为辐射防护研究的重点。稀土元素具有较高的中子吸收截面和高原子序数，逐渐被科研人员重视并应用于中子、伽马辐射屏蔽材料的研发中。本文简述了稀土材料在辐射屏蔽材料领域的应用，介绍了稀土元素与中子和伽马射线的作用原理；根据基体材料的类别将稀土基中子和伽马辐射屏蔽材料分为稀土金属基、稀土聚合物基、稀土玻璃基三类，分别介绍了三类稀土基复合屏蔽材料的研究进展，并分析了稀土材料用于中子、伽马辐射屏蔽存在的问题与展望。     

《稀土化学导论》

由中国科学院长春应用化学研究所洪广言研究员编著的《稀土化学导论》已于2014年5月由科学出版社出版。该书较为系统而全面地介绍了稀土化学的内容。全书包括稀土元素概述、稀土资源与地球化学、稀土元素及其化合物的基     

稀土高新功能材料

在现代科学中,稀土元素在材料科学中的应用,使得材料科学取得了重大进展,出现了一批性能优越的稀土高功能材料,极大地推动了科学的进步和世界经济的发展。本文系统地介绍了稀土元素在高新功能材料中的应用,主要有稀土永磁材料、稀土食氢材料、稀土超志材料、稀土激光材料。２１世纪,稀土功能材料的应用领域将更加广泛。     

古代铜矿冶炼过程中稀土元素的变化研究

主要研究稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程中的变化规律及其在冶金考古中的潜在应用。实验采用电感藕合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测试了湖北铜绿山、宁夏照壁山、山西中条山和内蒙古林西大井古代矿冶遗址的铜矿石，炼渣和铜锭的稀土元素含量，通过对其稀土总量和稀土配分模式的对比研究，探讨了稀土元素在古代铜矿冶炼过程中的化学行为。结果发现稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程主要富集在炼渣中，金属铜中的稀土元素含量很低。因此，要想根据青铜器中的稀土元素特征示踪铜料来源，是很难实现的。通过对比各矿冶遗址的铜矿石、炼渣和铜锭的稀土配分曲线，发现炼渣的稀土配分曲线为判断古代所使用的冶炼技术及铜矿石的输出路线提供了可能。     

稀土高氯酸溶液导数光谱的研究及其在分析中的应用——Ⅲ.导数分光光度法测定混合稀土中的镨、钕、钐、铕、镝、钬、铒、铥

本文探讨了共存稀土离子及温度对镨、钕、钐、铕、镝、钬、铒、铥等稀土离子的高氯酸溶液的二阶导数吸收光谱的影响。在所选定的分析峰位,共存稀土离子或不干扰或仅存在轻微干扰,而对于待测稀土离子导数峰的这种轻微干扰及温度的影响,都可用校正系数法消除。文中提出了一种在混合稀土(十五个稀土元素共存)中直接、快速测定上述八个稀土元素的导数光度法,并在合成样品及实际样品分析中获得了满意的结果。     

稀土的电分析化学

本文介绍了稀土元素的电分析化学，举例简述三大类染料及一些有机试剂与稀封土离子的络合吸附波、络合物组成、电还原机理及其在稀土农用中的分析应用，具有我国对稀土电分析化学研究的特点。     

氮氧自由基-金属配合物磁性分子材料*

氮氧自由基-金属配合物的合成和功能性研究,已成为分子磁性材料的一个热点课题。本文主要介绍了近年来氮氧自由基-金属配合物型分子基磁体、单分子磁体、单链磁体、分子自旋转换配合物等的最新研究成果,并就这一领域的发展前景做一展望。     

单链磁体及其研究进展

单链磁体是继单分子磁体之后分子磁学领域的又一前沿课题。对其磁特性的研究不论是在基础理论方面还是在实际应用方面都具有非常重大的意义。本文较全面地介绍了现有单链磁体的种类、结构、磁学研究方法,并对其研究方向进行了展望。     

添加钛和碳对Nd9.4Fe79.6B11合金晶化方式、显微结构和磁性能的影响

研究了Ti和C添加对Nd9.4Fe79.6-xTixB11-yCy(x=0,1,2,4,6;y=0.5,1.5,3)合金晶化方式、显微结构和磁性能的影响规律。结果表明,适量Ti和C添加改变了合金的晶化方式,使-αFe相和Nd2Fe14B相同时从Nd9.4Fe75.6Ti4B10.5C0.5非晶基体中析出,避免了先析出相晶粒的长大,利于获得细小均匀的显微结构。适量Ti和C添加的Nd-Fe-B-Ti-C非晶合金在退火过程中易析出细小弥散的TiC和TiB2相,可作为形核质点促进形核,且可抑制晶粒长大,最终形成细小均匀的显微结构。综合性能较佳的Nd9.4Fe75.6Ti4B10.5C0.5合金退磁曲线具有优异的方形度,最佳退火条件下合金薄带的剩磁Br为0.91 T,矫顽力iHc为976 kA.m-1,磁能积(BH)max达135 kJ.m-3。文章最后对Ti和C添加合金微结构的形成机制进行了探讨。     

Organic and Organometallic Molecular Magnetic Materials—Designer Magnets

Magnets composed of molecular species or polymers and prepared by relatively low-temperature organic synthetic methodologies are a focus of contemporary materials science research. The anticipated properties of such molecular-species-based magnetic materials, particularly in combination with other properties associated with molecules and polymers, may enable their use in future generations of electronic, magnetic, and/or photonic/photronic devices ranging from information storage and magnetic imaging to static and low-frequency magnetic shielding. A tutorial of typical magnetic behavior of molecular materials is presented. The three distinct models (intramolecular spin coupling through orthogonal orbitals in the same spatial region within a molecule/ion, intermolecular spin coupling through pairwise “configuration interaction” between spin-containing moieties, and dipole—dipole, through-space interactions) which enable the design of new molecular-based magnetic materials are discussed. To achieve the required spin couplings for bulk ferro- or ferrimagnetic behavior it is crucial to prepare materials with the necessary primary, secondary, and tertiary structures akin to proteins. Selected results from the worldwide effort aimed at preparing molecular-based magnetic materials by these mechanisms are described. Some organometallic solids comprised of linear chains of alternating metallocenium donors (D) and cyanocarbon acceptors (A) that is, …?D^?+ A^?? D^?+ A^??…?, exhibit cooperative magnetic phenomena. Bulk ferromagnetic behavior was first observed below the critical (Curie) temperature T_c of 4.8 K for [Fe^III(C₅Me₅)₂]^?+ [TCNE]^?? (Me = methyl; TCNE = tetracyanoethylene). Replacement of Fe^III with Mn^III leads to a ferromagnet with a T_c of 8.8 K in agreement with mean-field models developed for this class of materials. Replacement with Cr^III, however, leads to a ferromagnet with a T_c lowered to 3.65 K which is at variance with this model. Extension to the reaction of a vanadium(o) complex with TCNE leads to the isolation of a magnet with a T_c ≈ 400 K, which exceeds the thermal decomposition temperature of the material. This demonstrates that a magnetic material with a T_c substantially above room temperature is achievable in a molecule/organic/polymeric material. Finally, a new class of one-dimensional ferrimagnetic materials based on metalloporphins is discussed.     

Permanent magnet assembly producing a strong tilted homogeneous magnetic field: towards magic angle field spinning NMR and MRI

We introduce a cylindrical permanent magnet design that generates a homogeneous and strong magnetic field having an arbitrary inclination with respect to the axis of the cylinder. The analytical theory of 3 D magnetostatics has been applied to this problem, and a hybrid magnet structure has been designed. This structure contains two magnets producing a longitudinal and transverse component for the magnetic field, whose amplitudes and homogeneities can be fully controlled by design. A simple prototype has been constructed using inexpensive small cube magnets, and its magnetic field has been mapped using Hall and NMR probe sensors. This magnet can, in principle, be used for magic angle field spinning NMR and MRI experiments allowing for metabolic chemical shift profiling in small living animals.     

单分子磁体及其磁学表征*

单分子磁体是介于分子基磁体和纳米磁性材料的学科交叉点.对其不同寻常磁特性的研究不仅有助于纳米磁性离子物理学和化学的发展,而且有望最终用于高密度信息储存设备.本文就单分子磁体的研究背景和意义、单分子磁体的种类、结构及磁学表征作一概述.     

MnIII2 (5-Rsaltmen)2NiII(pao)2(L)]2+: an S(T)=3 building block for a single-chain magnet that behaves as a single-molecule magnet

Mn(III)-Ni(II)-Mn(III) linear-type trinuclear complexes bridged by oximate groups were selectively synthesized by the assembly reaction of [Mn2(5-Rsaltmen)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (5-Rsaltmen2-=N,N'-(1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylene) bis(5-R-salicylideneiminate); R=Cl, Br) with [Ni(pao)2(phen)] (pao-=pyridine-2-aldoximate; phen=1,10-phenanthroline) in methanol/water: [Mn2(5-Rsaltmen)2Ni(pao)2(phen)](ClO4)2 (R=Cl, 1; R=Br, 2). Structural analysis revealed that the [Mn(III)-ON-Ni(II)-NO-Mn(III)] skeleton of these trimers is in every respect similar to the repeating unit found in the previously reported series of 1D materials [Mn2(saltmen)2Ni(pao)2(L1)2](A)(2) (L(1)=pyridine, 4-picoline, 4-tert-butylpyridine, N-methylimidazole; A=ClO4-, BF4-, PF6-, ReO4-). Recently, these 1D compounds have attracted a great deal of attention for their magnetic properties, since they exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization (also called single-chain magnet (SCM) behavior). This unique magnetic behavior was explained in the framework of Glauber's theory, generalized for chains of ferromagnetically coupled anisotropic spins. Thus, in these 1D compounds, the [Mn(III)-ON-Ni(II)-NO-Mn(III)] unit was considered as an S(T)=3 anisotropic spin. Direct-current magnetic measurements on 1 and 2 confirm their S(T)=3 ground state and strong uniaxial anisotropy (D/k(B) approximately -2.4 K), in excellent agreement with the magnetic characteristic deduced in the study on the SCM series. The ac magnetic susceptibility of these trimers is strongly frequency-dependent and characteristic of single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior. The relaxation time tau shows a thermally activated (Arrhenius) behavior with tau0 approximately 1x10(-7) s and Delta(eff)/k(B) approximately 18 K. The effective energy barrier for reversal of the magnetization Delta(eff) is consistent with the theoretical value (21 K) estimated from |D| S2T. The present results reinforce consistently the interpretation of the SCM behavior observed in the [Mn2(saltmen)2Ni(pao)2(L1)2](A)2 series and opens new perspectives to design single-chain magnets.     

Evaluation of texture parameters in NdFeB magnets by means of X-Ray and magnetic measurements

NdFeB samples of different texture degree were prepared by uniaxial pressing in a magnetic field of different strength. Afterwards, the texture formation was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. Usually, a fibre texture with the basal plane (001) perpendicular to the applied magnetic field is expected from the used compaction process. However, by introducing a two-parameter Gauss-function describing the texture, deviations from the rotational symmetry of the texture are found. The texture parameters are compared with those obtained by a fit of demagnetization curves. Knowing the intrinsic magnetic properties of the investigated material, demagnetization curves in the first quadrant of the J-H-plane can be calculated on the basis of the texture parameters.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer.nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

高性能烧结NdFeB生产关键技术研究

采用薄形结晶器铸锭技术、气流磨窄粒度控制技术、低氧含量控制技术、高取向磁场成型技术等成功地批量生产了磁能积为365kJ@m-3和磁能积为310kJ@m-3、矫顽力为1640kA@m-1的NdFeB磁体.研究表明获得尺寸细小的片状晶铸锭、平均粒度小于4.0μm窄粒度分布的粉末及高取向度且晶粒细小组织均匀的烧结体是生产高性能NdFeB的关键.     

An Exchange Mechanism for the Magnetic Behavior of Er3+ Complexes

We study the magnetic properties of the erbium based compounds, Na9[Er(W5O18)2] and [(Pc)Er{Pc{N(C4H9)2}8}]·/−, in the framework of an effective spin exchange model involving delocalized electrons occupying molecular orbitals. The calculations successfully reproduce the experimental data available in the literature for the magnetic spectrum, magnetization and molar susceptibility in dc and ac fields. Owing to their similar molecular geometry, the compounds’ magnetic behaviors are interpreted in terms of the same set of active orbitals and thus the same effective spin coupling scheme. For all three complexes, the model predicts a prompt change in the ground state from a Kramer’s doublet at zero fields to a fully polarized quartet one brought about by the action of an external magnetic field without Zeeman splitting. This alteration is attributed to the enhancement of the effect of orbital interactions over the spin exchange as the magnitude of the external magnetic field increases.