空气净化器对室内甲醛净化效果的实验研究

利用研制的多功能环境试验舱提供相对独立和稳定的环境条件,以甲醛为挥发性目标污染物,对所选取的代表性空气净化器的甲醛净化效果进行测试,计算了空气净化器对甲醛的洁净空气量,净化效率和去除率等。结果表明,空气净化器对甲醛净化效率随着相对湿度的增大而明显降低,随着空气流速的增大而有所提高,而室内温度对其影响并不明显。采用物理和化学净化技术相结合的空气净化器的甲醛净化效率明显优于采用单一的物理吸附净化技术的空气净化器。     

电活性聚乳酸纳纤膜的形态调控及高效捕集PM0.3性能

通过静电喷雾沸石咪唑框架-8(ZIF-8)分散液对同步电纺聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维进行表面功能化,以增强PLA/ZIF-8纳米纤维膜(简称纳纤膜)表面的电荷俘获及储存能力,从而提高静电吸附效果和过滤性能.通过在分散液中添加不同量的ZIF-8来调控锚定于纤维表面的ZIF-8负载量,探究ZIF-8含量与纤维膜形态和性能演变之间关系.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纤维膜的微观形态进行表征,并结合傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射谱(XRD)分析了纤维膜的化学性质、界面相互作用和晶体结构的演变机理.采用静电测试仪、电介质测试仪和静电计分别评价表面电势、相对介电常数和输出电压,表征纤维膜的电活性和摩擦电输出性能.通过万能试验机测试聚乳酸纳米纤维膜的力学性能,并使用自主搭建的空气过滤测试平台探究纤维膜高效过滤机理.结果表明,PLA/ZIF-8纳纤膜具有高电活性、高过滤效率、低空气阻力和优异的力学性能:其表面电势和最大开路输出电压分别可达5.9 kV和30.9 V,与纯PLA对比样相比分别提升5.6倍和5.3倍,同时拉伸强度和拉伸韧性增幅分别高达78%和111%.更重要的是,PLA/ZIF-...     

静电纺丝制备空气过滤用抗分层聚酰胺66/聚丙烯腈/聚醚砜(PA-66/PAN/PES)三明治结构膜（英文）

通过在经处理的不锈钢网(SSM)上逐层电纺制备了简易有效的聚酰胺66/聚丙烯腈/聚醚砜(PA-66/PAN/PES)复合纤维过滤材料.材料中间层采用以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂的PAN/PES共混聚合物电纺而成.扫描电子显微镜表征和比表面积测试结果表明,在相同纺丝条件下PES量的增加有利于减小纤维直径,增大膜的孔隙率.同时,通过拉伸实验测量了未带有SSM的膜的机械性能(5.857 MPa).利用PES的良好疏水性,过滤膜表面具有相对良好的疏水效果,接触角约为130.58°.在样品厚度尽可能相等的情况下,通过对实际空气环境中0.3~5μm的颗粒进行截流测试发现,PAN/PES-3的过滤效率达到且大于99%.通过机械振动和空气反吹考察了过滤膜的再生性能.此外,还通过使用喷雾喷涂SSM研究了防分层过滤介质的基质.     

静电纺丝制备空气过滤用抗分层聚酰胺66/聚丙烯腈/聚醚砜(PA-66/PAN/PES)三明治结构膜

通过在经处理的不锈钢网(SSM)上逐层电纺制备了简易有效的聚酰胺66/聚丙烯腈/聚醚砜(PA-66/PAN/PES)复合纤维过滤材料.材料中间层采用以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂的PAN/PES共混聚合物电纺而成.扫描电子显微镜表征和比表面积测试结果表明, 在相同纺丝条件下PES量的增加有利于减小纤维直径, 增大膜的孔隙率.同时, 通过拉伸实验测量了未带有SSM的膜的机械性能(5.857 MPa).利用PES的良好疏水性, 过滤膜表面具有相对良好的疏水效果, 接触角约为130.58°.在样品厚度尽可能相等的情况下, 通过对实际空气环境中0.3~5 μm的颗粒进行截流测试发现, PAN/PES-3的过滤效率达到且大于99%.通过机械振动和空气反吹考察了过滤膜的再生性能.此外, 还通过使用喷雾喷涂SSM研究了防分层过滤介质的基质.     

界面立构复合化电活性聚乳酸纳纤膜的制备及高效过滤性能

聚乳酸纤维膜在可降解空气过滤材料领域具有巨大潜力,但低比例的电活性相导致纤维膜的介电性能较弱,难以满足高性能空气颗粒物(PMs)过滤材料的需要.本文利用聚L-乳酸(PLLA)和聚D-乳酸(PDLA)组成的立构复合物(SC)提供高比例电活性相,采用同轴静电纺丝策略构筑界面立构复合化的电活性聚乳酸纳纤膜.通过改变纺丝时的注射速度,调控纤维形貌以及羰基(C=O)偶极子、 β晶相和界面立构复合晶(SCs)的形成,得到的核壳(CS)结构纳纤膜具有改善的表面电势(9.3 kV)和介电常数(1.60 F/m).界面立构复合化的纤维膜力学性能提升显著,核部PLLA和壳部PDLA的注射速度分别为1.0和0.5 mL/h时获得的CS1.5纳纤膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别达到17.2和351.1 MPa,明显优于纯聚乳酸纤维膜.更重要的是,提升的电活性显著增强了聚乳酸纳纤膜对PM0.3和PM2.5的过滤效率,界面立构复合化在应对高流速下捕尘时具有独特优势, CS1.5纳纤膜的过滤效率由10 L/min时的82.5%提升至85 L/min时的97.9%.本文提出了采用界面立构复合化激发聚乳酸电活性的策略,为解决...     

新型净化器对PM2.5去除率逾99%

<正>上海理工大学环境与建筑学院陈剑波教授科研团队,经过多年潜心研究,自主研发出一款高性能的空气净化器,能够有效去除0.3μm以下微粒。根据上海市环境保护产品质量监督检验总站检测,此款新型净化器对PM2.5去除率超过99%、甲醛的净化效率达到96%;经瑞士公证行SGS检测,对总挥发性有机化合物净化效率达到96.5%。陈剑波说,与传统空气吸附剂(活性炭等)相比最大的不同是该款净化器中研发的空气净化媒介不仅能够物理吸附,还能不断地将污染物分子进行催化氧化分解,瓦解污染     

静电纺空气过滤用PET/CTS抗菌复合纳米纤维膜的制备

采用静电纺丝法制备PET/CTS复合纳米纤维膜,并在纤维膜表面吸附一层纳米银,进一步增加纤维膜的抗菌性能.以扫描电镜(SEM)对不同配比PET/CTS所制备的纤维膜的微观形貌进行表征,结果显示w(CTS)/w(PET)为12.5%时,纤维形貌较好,平均直径为405 nm.分别对不同厚度的PET/CTS纤维膜进行力学性能、透气性能以及空气过滤性能测试,结果表明纺丝时间为7 h时,纤维膜具有较好的性能,其弹性模量为48.15 MPa、断裂伸长率183.30%、拉伸断裂应力2.11 MPa、拉伸强度2.49 MPa、拉伸屈服应力1.23 MPa、最大力1.38 N,阻气值为3.99 k Pa·S/m,过滤效率为99.55%,压降为621.32 Pa.吸附银离子实验表明,最佳GA交联浴配比为GA(vol%)=3.5%.紫外可见光谱(UV)及透射电镜(TEM)表征证明,有10 nm左右纳米银生成.抑菌实验表明,载银PET/CTS复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.a.)和大肠杆菌(E.coli.)的杀菌率分别为99.97%和99.99%.     

AgNPs-AC复合纤维的制备及其吸附与抗菌性能

制备具有较好吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料是过滤领域的一个关键问题。在多种纤维与薄膜材料的制备方法中,静电纺丝法具有比表面积大、孔隙率高的特点,为制备具有吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料提供了一种有效思路。本文通过静电纺丝法制备了纳米银颗粒-活性炭(AgNPs-AC)复合纳米纤维膜,将纳米银颗粒沉积在活性炭载体上,目的是制备一种具有良好吸附抗菌功能的高性能过滤电纺复合纤维膜。通过SEM、XRD等设备对复合纳米纤维的形貌与结构进行表征,并考察该复合纤维膜的吸附性能和抗菌性能。结果表明,所制备的AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜随活性炭、银浓度的增大,纤维直径分布逐步趋于均匀。并且在EVOH质量分数为10%,硝酸银/活性炭浓度比为0.05/0.085时,该复合纤维膜的吸附性能最好。此外,AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能。     

一次性使用空气净化输液器产品中环氧乙烷残留的考察

环氧乙烷灭菌是一种广泛应用于高分子材料制成的一次性使用注、输器具,并经长期应用证明为可靠的灭菌方式.一次性使用空气净化输液器是一种在重力输液式输液器的基础上用空气净化器取代传统进气部件的输液器,可有效过滤空气中污染物,空气净化器中装填有吸附能力强的活性碳及滤垫.经环氧乙烷(EO)灭菌后,空气净化器中的环氧乙烷残留是否会对输液器应用安全产生影响,尚未见报道.笔者抽取正常生产灭菌批产品的中包装置于留样柜中,室温放置,在不同时间间隔取样,采用GB/T 14233.1-1998[1]中顶空气相色谱法分别进行测试,对比带与不带空气净化器的输液器模拟输液所得浸提液的EO含量和不包含空气净化器的输液器和活性炭、滤垫中EO解析情况,综合评价该产品采用EO灭菌方式的适用性.     

PP/PMIA@PVDF-HFP纳米纤维复合滤材的制备及性能

随着空气污染的日益严重,高效低阻空气过滤材料的开发成为研究热点.为了提高聚丙烯(PP)熔喷过滤材料的过滤性能,本文以PP熔喷过滤材料为基材,聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)为皮层,聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(PMIA)为芯层,采用同轴静电纺丝技术制备了具有高效低阻特性的PP/PMIA@PVDF-HFP纳米纤维复合滤材,研究了纺丝工艺和热处理等对滤材形貌、孔径、透气性和过滤性能的影响.在高温作用下,耐高温性能优异的芯层组分PMIA可以保持原有形态,而低熔点的皮层组分PVDF-HFP将会熔融,进而将纳米纤维粘结在一起.因此,通过热处理的方式可以实现纳米纤维膜孔结构的调控,并提高复合纤维滤材对空气中微小颗粒物的拦截能力.结果表明,当静电纺丝时间为60 min时,热处理后PP/PMIA@PVDF-HFP纳米纤维复合滤材孔隙率稳定在约75%,平均孔径为2.58μm,透气率为132.74 mm/s;对粒径<2.5μm的固体颗粒物(PM2.5)的过滤效率可达97.67%,过滤阻力仅为45.1 Pa,综合性能较优,且在不同风速、不同颗粒物浓度和长时间使用等条件下仍能保持优异的过滤性能.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.