基于抛锚式翻转课堂教学模式的有机化学教学设计

随着信息技术在教育教学实践中不断融合，翻转课堂在职业教育教学中也得到广泛运用。以有机化学课程为例，探讨了抛锚式翻转课堂教学模式的教学设计流程，主要包括：微课题的设计、“锚”设计、目标设计、内容设计、资源设计、互动设计、评价设计等。旨在推动职业教育教学新理念、新模式，探析教学设计思路，提升职业院校教师教育教学能力。     

新型聚丙烯酸酯类柴油降凝剂分子模型的建立及验证

在前期工作得出的正构烷烃含量与浊点、冷滤点、凝点的定量关系模型基础上，选择柴油降凝剂的基团对柴油降凝剂分子结构进行了设计，得出了设计模型。结果表明，将含氮基团引入柴油降凝剂可以显著提高柴油降凝剂的性能。根据设计模型合成了一系列聚丙烯酸单酯和混合酯柴油降凝剂，并通过对柴油降凝剂的性能测试结果和自行设计的计算程序对设计模型进行了验证，结果表明，从柴油正构烷烃含量对柴油降凝剂的配比进行设计是可行的。     

《有机化学实验》课程教改的新思路--基于VRML的虚拟实验研究与开发

介绍基于VRML的《有机化学实验》网络课程的基本结构，开发流程和系统设计等内容，重点探讨了网上课程的系统设计与教学设计，主要包括：网上教学模式设计、教学内容设计、屏幕界面设计、导航设计、交互设计与VRML技术等内容，同时对该课程的使用效果作了简单的探讨。     

项目教学法驱动研究生课程教学改革与实践——以“化工设计与过程优化”课程为例

以化工设计与过程优化课程为例，阐述了如何利用项目教学法设计教学内容、更新教学方法来培养研究生运用理论知识解决实际问题的能力，以"发现问题-分析问题-解决问题-总结经验"的教学理念为主线，展开了项目教学法的具体实施过程，形成了适合高校研究生课程的教学模式，着力培养了研究生的设计能力、实践能力以及创新能力。     

药物分子设计和核酸的分子识别分析

分子识别分析理论应用于药物分子设计是新药开发的要求，也是分析化学一个极具潜力的发展方向，分子识别分析不仅为药物分子设计提供了生物大分子的组成，结构基基本信息，还为了解药物分子与生物大分子相互作用位点及作用方式提供了模型，本文评述了与药物分子设计中有关的核酸物质的分子识别分析，它们是设计好的抗癌药物的基础。     

钠离子电池电极材料的设计策略——固态离子学视角

钠离子电池是目前最有前景及可行性的新兴储能候选体系。对于钠离子电池而言，如何实现其电极材料的理性设计及构筑，是重要的科学问题。本文立足于钠离子/电子输运这一核心问题，从固态离子学视角探讨钠离子电池电极材料的设计策略。首先，对于体相电极材料，输运特性的明晰、调控以及缺陷化学模型的建立，是传统电极材料开发的关键。其次，对于纳米电极材料，随着尺寸的减小，电极材料的热力学性质、动力学特性以及钠离子微观储输机制都会发生相应变化，因此从纳米离子学视角，以尺寸效应调控电极材料具有重要的科学价值及现实意义。最后，无论对于体相材料还是纳米材料，从材料的本征输运特性出发，通过电化学电路的设计和构筑来优化电极动力学，可以为钠电电极材料的理性设计及可控制备提供理论指导。我们相信，通过本文系统地对钠离子电池电极材料设计策略的梳理，必将对钠离子电池的开发，提供有意义的指导，并为最终的产业化打下良好的基础。     

计算机辅助合成设计的基本原理

近年来，国际上在计算机辅助有机合成设计的理论与实践方面日臻完善，对此，国内也已有文章介绍在本文中，作者将根据自己研制计算机辅助合成设计系统的实践，从基本原理和技术路线的角度来介绍这项研究工作的细节，期望能够抛砖引玉，使更多化学界同行了解计算机辅助化学设计的前景与进展，并加入研究的行列。     

生物合理设计光系统Ⅱ抑制剂研究Ⅳ.新型取代氰基丙烯酸乙酯类化合物的合成及其希尔反应抑制活性

基于所获的受体光合作用Ｄ１蛋白结构模型，运用生物合理设计方法，设计并合成了保留氰基丙烯酸酯类化合物基本结构框架的标题化合物，对所合成的化合物进行了光合作用希尔反应抑制活性的初步测试，结果表明，部分化合物显示出一定的活性。     

试验设计与优化方法

本文介绍了作者所在研究小组多年来在试验优化方法方面的研究工作，内容涉及正交试验设计、单纯形优化法、均匀设计法、回归正交设计和模糊正交设计、人工神经网络等多种试验优化设计方法的应用，优化效果的综合评价，多种试验优化设计方法的综合应用等     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析信息系统的开发 Ⅱ.系统设计与系统评价

讨论了系统设计和系统评价。首先，根据ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中有关信息在计算机中的流动、 转换、储存和处理情况设计了计算机流程图，然后根据数据库规范化的要求对数据库的概念 结构、逻辑结构和物理结构的设计作了讨论。该数据库包括了２８０００余条ＩＣＰ发射谱线的有 关数据。运行结果表明，该系统设计合理，信息量大，且具有方便、实用的用户界面。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。