变形镜高斯函数指数对迭代法自适应光学系统的影响

基于613单元自适应光学系统, 描述了迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵的特性. 在变形镜驱动器间距和交连值不变的情况下, 研究了变形镜高斯函数指数对迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵稀疏度的影响, 对自适应光学系统稳定性和校正能力的影响. 研究表明, 迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵的稀疏度随着变形镜高斯函数指数的增大而减小. 高斯函数指数过大或者过小都会影响自适应光学系统的稳定性和校正能力. 最后, 综合迭代矩阵和斜率响应矩阵的稀疏度、自适应光学系统的稳定性和校正能力, 给出了合理的变形镜高斯函数指数的取值范围.     

Reconstruction of cosmic and beam-halo muons with the CMS detector

The powerful muon and tracker systems of the CMS detector together with dedicated reconstruction software allow precise and efficient measurement of muon tracks originating from proton-proton collisions. The standard muon reconstruction algorithms, however, are inadequate to deal with muons that do not originate from collisions. This note discusses the design, implementation, and performance results of a dedicated cosmic muon track reconstruction algorithm, which features pattern recognition optimized for muons that are not coming from the interaction point, i.e., cosmic muons and beam-halo muons. To evaluate the performance of the new algorithm, data taken during Cosmic Challenge phases I and II were studied and compared with simulated cosmic data. In addition, a variety of more general topologies of cosmic muons and beam-halo muons were studied using simulated data to demonstrate some key features of the new algorithm.     

An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in‐line X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography

In‐line X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography (IL‐PCCT) can reveal fine inner structures for low‐Z materials (e.g. biological soft tissues), and shows high potential to become clinically applicable. Typically, IL‐PCCT utilizes filtered back‐projection (FBP) as the standard reconstruction algorithm. However, the FBP algorithm requires a large amount of projection data, and subsequently a large radiation dose is needed to reconstruct a high‐quality image, which hampers its clinical application in IL‐PCCT. In this study, an iterative reconstruction algorithm for IL‐PCCT was proposed by combining the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) with eight‐neighbour forward and backward (FAB8) diffusion filtering, and the reconstruction was performed using the Shepp–Logan phantom simulation and a real synchrotron IL‐PCCT experiment. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to produce high‐quality computed tomography images from few‐view projections while improving the convergence rate of the computed tomography reconstruction, indicating that the proposed algorithm is an effective method of dose reduction for IL‐PCCT.     

探测器偏置重建算法在工业CT检测中的应用

工业CT检测对象的大小是不固定的,最大限度地利用已有探测器的成像面积非常重要。采用探测器偏置来获得更大的扫描视野,并推导相应的重建算法。该算法首先使用Parker类型函数对采集到的投影数据中的冗余部分进行加权,然后采用扇束滤波反投影重建算法重建得到断层图像。在实验中使用实际工业CT系统分别采集钢制线对块与铝合金变速器外壳的投影数据进行重建算法的验证,重建结果证明了使用的探测器偏置重建算法的正确性与有效性,且空间分辨率和标准扫描的重建结果保持一致,这个方法可以在工业CT成像上有效使用。     

基于同色异谱黑理论的非线性复合模型光谱重建研究

同色异谱现象是光谱反射率重建与颜色再现中的一个重要问题。采用三基色CCD相机采集CIE标准光源D65下的颜色样品信号,建立非线性复合模型,使用主成分分析结合神经网络的方法(PCA-NET)改进基于同色异谱黑理论的R矩阵算法,对标准Munsell色卡光谱重建进行研究。在保证给定照明条件下的色度精度同时,对光谱重建的结果进行了实验评价和讨论。实验结果表明,在给定的照明条件下,PCA-NET算法能够准确的拟合相机输出信号与主成分系数之间的非线性关系, 将其代替线性算法应用于R矩阵算法中时,测试集的平均均方根值是未改进R矩阵算法的0.76,平均标准差是R矩阵算法的0.85,可有效提高光谱反射率的重建精度。改进后的R矩阵算法具有精度较高、操作简单易实现的特点, 可用于对重建色度精度及光谱精度均要求较高的领域。     

基于物体特征有效提取和离散点三维重建的3D扫描系统原型研究

针对3D扫描技术的近期发展情况,以及市场关于被摄物体特征有效提取的迫切需求,通过系统的对照相机和投影仪测量的方法与计算,利用离散点三维重建算法、标准化算法详细分析了,作为3D扫描原型系统的关键技术,并深入的对三维坐标重复演算的过程,进行了实践研究与计算,论证了基于投影光编码技术的3D扫描仪原型系统,在物体特征有效提取和离散点三维重建中完全可以高效应用;同时,使用焦距标准化运算、逆向倾角变形运算、逆向扭曲变形运算三种方法,综合论述了物体特征有效提取和离散点三维重建过程的相关内容,测试了原型系统对真实文物的扫描情况,展开了该原型系统可应用于不同材料,不同种类物体的扫描,并能有效的进行数字化物体特征识别的研究结论。     

基于指数加权-核在线序列极限学习机的混沌系统动态重构研究

利用指数加权在线核序列极限学习机(exponential weighted online sequential extreme learning machine with kernel, EW-KOSELM)辨识算法,开展了针对混沌动力学系统的动态重构研究. EW-KOSELM算法将核递归最小二乘(kernel recursive least squares, KRLS)算法直接延伸至在线ELM (extreme learning machine)框架中,通过引入遗忘因子削弱了旧数据的影响,并基于"固定预算(fixed-budget, FB)"内存技术,应对在线核学习算法所固有的规模不断增长的计算困难.将所提辨识算法应用于Duffing-Ueda振子的混沌动力学系统数值仿真实例中,对基于FB-EW-KOSELM的辨识模型与原系统的动态性能进行了定性与定量的分析校验,定性校验准则是基于对比辨识模型与原系统吸引子(轨迹嵌入)、庞加莱映射、分岔图、极限环完成的,定量校验准则包括对比辨识模型与原系统的李雅普诺夫指数与关联维.进一步将其分别应用于来自测量蔡氏电路产生双涡卷吸引子与螺旋吸引子的实测数据实验及某一实际混沌电路所产生的时间序列中,对于具有低信噪比的实测电压或电流数据还需进行了小波降噪预处理.通过分析辨识模型重构吸引子,实验结果表明,FB-EW-KOSELM算法具有良好的动态重构性能,能精确地再生出展示混沌动态行为的过程非线性模型,且具有与原混沌系统非常接近的动态不变性指标.     

Real-time Adaptive Optics with a Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Light Modulator Controlled by the Wave Front Reconstruction Sensor

We propose adaptive optics constructed with a new principle. In this system, numerical phase reconstruction algorithm is incorporated with the Hartmann wave front sensor and the phase compensator is driven to the conjugate of the input phase distortion at each time step. The computer simulation shows a sufficient robustness and swiftness of the wave front reconstruction sensor. Then, the experimental system is configured putting special emphasis on the simplicity and feasibility of the system. A small 2-dimensional grid mask is used in the Hartmann sensor, and a twisted nematic phase modulator with a response time of 30 ms is used as the phase compensator. The control system has a simple open loop setup using a phase reconstruction algorithm. This experimental system was effective not only for static phase distortion, but also for the dynamic phase perturbation induced by a thermal convection.     

针对小动物的锥束CT重建的研究及验证

基于经典3D Shepp-Logan模型,应用射线追踪和射线衰减定律得到锥束CT的模拟仿真数据.利用FDK三维重建算法实现锥束CT图像重建,采用仿真图像对重建算法进行了验证,通过搭建的锥束CT系统和自制仿体进行了层析成像和图像重建.结果表明:算法可较为准确地重建出原物体的空间分布和密度关系,针对仿真数据的中心断层重建图像的空间分辨率可达到8 lp/mm.     

Flame four-dimensional deflection tomography with compressed-sensing-revision reconstruction

Deflection tomography with limited angle projections was investigated to visualize a premixed flame. A projection sampling system for deflection tomography was used to obtain chronological deflectogram arrays at six view angles with only a pair of gratings. A new iterative reconstruction algorithm with deflection angle compressed-sensing revision was developed to improve reconstruction-distribution quality from incomplete projection data. Numerical simulation and error analysis provided a good indication of algorithm precision and convergence. In the experiment, 150 fringes were processed, and temperature distributions in 20 cross-sections were reconstructed from projection data in four instants. Four-dimensional flame structures and temperature distributions in the flame interior were visualized using the visualization toolkit. The experimental reconstruction was then compared with the result obtained from computational fluid dynamic analysis.     

基于高斯核主成分分析的多通道拉曼光谱重建

针对多通道拉曼成像系统常会受荧光背景、噪声等非线性因素的影响而导致拉曼光谱重建结果一般的问题,提出了一种基于高斯核主成分分析的拉曼光谱重建算法.首先利用相似度因子对标定样本数据集进行预处理,其次通过高斯核函数将标定样本以非线性形式映射至高维特征空间,接着在特征空间中对映射后的数据集提取基函数并通过伪逆法求得与之对应的基函数系数.使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为测试样本,并引入均方根误差来评估拉曼光谱重建结果的准确性.实验结果表明,相比传统的伪逆法与维纳估计法,该算法具有更高的重建精度及抗噪能力,且能有效降低标定样本中不良数据和成像系统中非线性因素对拉曼光谱重建的影响.因此,该算法可以为多通道拉曼快速成像提供一种有效的拉曼光谱重建算法.     

Algorithm for reconstruction of digital holograms with adjustable magnification

A new algorithm that allows for reconstruction of digital holograms with adjustable magnification is proposed. The algorithm involves two reconstruction steps implemented by a conventional single Fourier-transform algorithm. The advantages of the algorithm lie in its adaptability to various object sizes and recording distances as well as in its capability to maintain the pitch of a reconstructed image, independent of the reconstruction distance and wavelength for objects larger than a CCD. The feasibility of the algorithm is demonstrated by experiments. The algorithm is especially useful for reconstructing color holograms and for metrological applications.     

自适应光学系统的实时模式复原算法

 分析了自适应光学系统中实时模式复原算法的基本原理，建立了一种新型的传感器本征模复原算法。与常用的直接斜率法相比，这种模式复原算法可以有效减小探测噪声对复原计算过程的影响，提高系统的闭环稳定性和校正效果。在61单元自适应光学系统上实现了这种模式复原算法，并在实际大气湍流中对传感器本征模复原算法和直接斜率法进行了实验对比研究。     

基于时间分辨测量的近红外光三维层析成像研究

针对近红外漫射光层析成像中的三维成像问题展开了理论和实验研究.利用开发的以强度和平均飞行时间作为数据类型的三维重建算法对数值仿真模型进行了重建,同时采用多通道时间相关单光子计数层析成像系统对固体样品进行了三维成像.结果表明：所发展的算法较忠实地重建出了样品内部的异质体结构;采用的差分重建方法有利于提高重建的抗噪性能;提出的单层测头配置模式对于三维成像具有实际意义.     

基于稳态辐射传输方程的小动物尺寸组织体扩散光学层析法

在Newton-Raphson逆模型框架下,发展了基于稳态辐射传输方程光子输运正模型和代数重建技术的扩散光学层析图像重建算法,并针对小尺寸组织体内部吸收和散射系数同时重建情况下的标准代数重建技术算法进行了改进,数值结果表明改进后的代数重建技术算法重建图像效果优于标准代数重建技术算法.     

Hilbert space inverse wave imaging in a planar multilayer environment

Most diffraction tomography (DT) algorithms use a homogeneous Green function (GF) regardless of the medium being imaged. This choice is usually motivated by practical considerations: analytic inversions in standard geometries (Cartesian, spherical, etc.) are significantly simplified by the use of a homogeneous GF, estimating a nonhomogeneous GF can be very difficult, as can incorporating a nonhomogeneous GF into standard DT algorithms. Devaney has circumvented these issues by developing a purely numerical DT inversion algorithm [A. J. Devaney and M. Dennison, Inverse Probl. 19, 855-870 (2003)] that is independent of measurement system geometry, number of frequencies used in the reconstruction, and GF. A planar multilayer GF has been developed for use in Devaney's "Hilbert space" algorithm and used in a proof-of-principle nondestructive evaluation (NDE) experiment to image noninvasively a flaw in an aluminum/copper planar multilayer medium using data collected from an ultrasonic measurement system. The data were collected in a multistatic method with no beamforming: all focusing through the multilayer was performed mathematically "after-the-fact," that is, after the data were collected.     

激光聚变中存在吸收的图像重建

提出了一种处理激光等离子体中含吸收的图像重建方法,且运用最大熵原理推导出适用于含吸收的重建算法,采用不同的图像实例进行模拟计算,结果表明采用吸收校正方法的精度明显高于不考虑吸收校正的精度。     

基于改进维纳逆滤波的衍射成像光谱仪数据误差分析与重构

衍射成像光谱仪探测到的高光谱数据需要进行计算与反演才可以得到成像光谱数据,本文对衍射成像光谱仪的成像过程及数据误差产生的原理从空间维和光谱维两方面进行了分析,并针对其光谱重构过程中系统点扩散函数标准差较大时重构结果清晰度较低、存在振铃等问题,提出了基于改进维纳逆滤波的光谱数据重构算法,该方法在分析衍射成像光谱仪数据特点与误差的基础上,将每一次维纳逆滤波的重构结果视为新的模糊图像,利用成像过程及维纳逆滤波的基本原理确定新的模糊图像对应的点扩散函数,反复进行维纳逆滤波达到提高图像清晰度的效果,再根据图像自身的空间和光谱特征分布,进行自适应性的噪声去除.利用模拟的衍射成像光谱数据进行验证,在系统点扩散函数的标准差为2.5的情况下,能得到无振铃的重构结果,且与传统维纳逆滤波法的重构结果进行比较,清晰度、细节能力等指标均有所提高,满足了衍射成像光谱数据应用需求.     

MRI with TRELLIS: a novel approach to motion correction

A motion-correcting pulse sequence and reconstruction algorithm, termed TRELLIS, is presented. k-Space is filled using orthogonal overlapping strips and the directions for phase- and frequency-encoding are alternated such that the frequency-encode direction always runs lengthwise along each strip. The overlap between strips is used both for signal averaging and to produce a system of equations that, when solved, quantifies the rotational and translational motion of the object. Results obtained from simulations with computer-generated phantoms, a purpose-built moving phantom, and in human subjects show the method is effective. TRELLIS offers some advantages over existing techniques in that k-space is sampled uniformly and all acquired data are used for both motion detection and image reconstruction.