蛋白功能化磁性纳米颗粒的制备及应用

蛋白功能化磁性纳米颗粒作为一种新型功能复合材料,已成为众多领域的研究热点。蛋白质在颗粒表面的稳定性、负载量及构象显著影响复合粒子的应用性能,而磁性纳米颗粒表面物化性质对颗粒的稳定性、分散性及磁性能对蛋白质的高效负载有重要影响。本文综述了磁性纳米颗粒表面修饰、蛋白功能化的方法以及蛋白在界面处构象变化的表征方法,介绍了蛋白功能化磁性纳米颗粒在酶催化合成、免疫分析检测及生物传感器等领域的应用,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Gold Nanoparticles as a Biosensor for Cancer Biomarker Determination

Molecular biology applications based on gold nanotechnology have revolutionary impacts, especially in diagnosing and treating molecular and cellular levels. The combination of plasmonic resonance, biochemistry, and optoelectronic engineering has increased the detection of molecules and the possibility of atoms. These advantages have brought medical research to the cellular level for application potential. Many research groups are working towards this. The superior analytical properties of gold nanoparticles can not only be used as an effective drug screening instrument for gene sequencing in new drug development but also as an essential tool for detecting physiological functions, such as blood glucose, antigen-antibody analysis, etc. The review introduces the principles of biomedical sensing systems, the principles of nanomaterial analysis applied to biomedicine at home and abroad, and the chemical surface modification of various gold nanoparticles.     

Fluorescent Organic Small Molecule Probes for Bioimaging and Detection Applications

The activity levels of key substances (metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen, biological small molecules, etc.) in organisms are closely related to intracellular redox reactions, disease occurrence and treatment, as well as drug absorption and distribution. Fluorescence imaging technology provides a visual tool for medicine, showing great potential in the fields of molecular biology, cellular immunology and oncology. In recent years, organic fluorescent probes have attracted much attention in the bioanalytical field. Among various organic fluorescent probes, fluorescent organic small molecule probes (FOSMPs) have become a research hotspot due to their excellent physicochemical properties, such as good photostability, high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as excellent biocompatibility. FOSMPs have proved to be suitable for in vivo bioimaging and detection. On the basis of the introduction of several primary fluorescence mechanisms, the latest progress of FOSMPs in the applications of bioimaging and detection is comprehensively reviewed. Following this, the preparation and application of fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) that are designed with FOSMPs as fluorophores are overviewed. Additionally, the prospects of FOSMPs in bioimaging and detection are discussed.     

纳米粒子在食源性致病菌检测中的应用进展

食品安全事关人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,而食源性致病菌是食品安全的主要影响因素。由食源性致病菌引起的疾病和死亡持续威胁着全球的公共卫生安全。因此,开发快速、准确且灵敏的食源性致病菌检测方法是预防食源性疾病暴发和确保食品安全的关键。常规检测方法费时费力,需要昂贵的设备和专业的人员,应用受限。近年来,随着纳米技术的快速发展,纳米粒子凭借其小尺寸、高比表面积和高反应活性等理化特性成为食源性致病菌检测领域的研究热点。此外,将识别元件修饰于纳米粒子表面并结合新颖的分析技术,能提高检测的特异性和灵敏度。该综述主要总结和比较了磁性纳米粒子、贵金属纳米粒子、荧光纳米粒子和二氧化硅纳米粒子在食源性致病菌检测中的应用,以期为食源性致病菌的快速分析提供思路。     

Recent progress in detection of chemical and biological toxins in Water using plasmonic nanosensors

The supply of safe drinking water is one of the prominent challenges of the world. Water is polluted mainly by chemical and biological toxins which can causes a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Regular monitoring of chemical and biological toxins in water sources is the primary step in any preventive method. Traditional detection methods include adsorption and chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The devices based on these techniques are not easy to be carried for on-site detection and require laborious sample preparation protocols. However, advancements in nanomaterial-based sensors have provided solutions to these challenges. Recent developments in plasmonic sensors lead to extraordinary advancements in the area of ultra-sensitive detection at the single particle or molecular level. Noble metal nanoparticles of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) exhibit excellent plasmonic properties and have been applied for the selective and label-free detection of very low concentrations of aquatic pollutants. The present review represent the progress made towards the development and application of plasmonic nanosensors, specifically gold and silver nanoparticle-based sensors for the detection and quantification of various pollutants and contaminations in water. The design and fabrication of plasmonic nanosensors were given emphasis as it is fundamental in enhancing their affinity towards specific pollutant of interest. The effectiveness of plasmonic sensors in reducing the use of expensive instruments while enabling on-site multifunctional detection of toxin contaminants and also the future potential of plasmonic sensors will be highlighted.     

Future perspective of nanoparticle interaction‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for rapid,simple, direct and sensitive detection of microorganisms

The introduction of nanoparticles into mass spectrometric research greatly influenced the applicability of this technique into various omics. Surface‐modified or functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) have recently extended the use of mass spectrometry into microorganism research. We survey the application of unmodified NPs, for microorganism research, on the basis of our expertise in this area within the recent years in this decade. The use of unmodified NPs in mass spectrometry, especially with respect to microorganisms, is an untreaded research area, which we have ventured to probe and have been fruitful. On the basis of our experience, we provide an insight into the principle behind the use of unmodified NPs and provide guidelines to be followed to obtain significant results. We also brief the current scenario of nanoparticle interaction‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NPILDI‐MS) for rapid, simple, direct and sensitive detection of microorganisms on the basis of our past and present reports, quoting examples of successful application of this technique. Finally, we address the future of the NPILDI‐MS technique and the tools needed to reach those visions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高灵敏光学和电化学适配体传感器在真菌毒素快速检测中的研究进展

高灵敏的生物传感器在痕量真菌毒素污染的快速检测中备受关注.适配体除具有与抗体类似的高选择性外,还具有可体外合成和易修饰等独特优势,已成为现阶段生物传感器中常用的识别元件.随着指数富集的配体系统进化(SELEX)技术的发展,筛选获得的真菌毒素适配体越来越多,为不同真菌毒素的检测提供了基础条件,而适配体结合现代新型纳米材料...     

万古霉素在食源性致病菌检测中的应用

食源性致病菌污染是引起食品安全的主要因素之一,对人类健康构成了严重威胁。万古霉素作为一种对革兰氏阳性菌具有特异性识别功能的小分子,能够修饰在磁性纳米粒子表面,使粒子获得靶向目标菌的能力,结合其他检测方法,可以实现分离检测革兰氏阳性菌的目的。本文对万古霉素功能化的磁珠在革兰氏阳性菌分离检测的研究进展进行了介绍,分析了万古霉素不同修饰方式和检测方法对其检测效果的影响,并对各种方法的检测结果进行了分析比较,最后,提出了万古霉素在食源性致病菌检测中存在的问题,并对其未来应用进行了展望。     

基于AuNPs/PANI/TNTs纳米复合材料的电化学检测妥布霉素的适配体传感器

本文提出了一种新型的检测妥布霉素的电化学适配体传感器,以差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）作为检测技术,亚甲基蓝作为电化学响应信号. 构建了以纳米复合材料金纳米粒子/聚苯胺/二氧化钛纳米管(AuNPs/PANI/TNTs)修饰玻碳电极的电极支架. 通过透射电子显微镜和X-射线光电子能谱对纳米复合材料进行详细的表征. 循环伏安图和电化学阻抗谱显示AuNPs/PANI/TNTs可以很好地增加电极的界面传导性能. DPV结果显示电流密度的响应和妥布霉素浓度之间存在一个很好的线性关系,并且得到一个宽广的检测范围为0.5 μmol·L^-1到70 μmol·L^-1. 本文提出的适配体基的传感器有很好的重复性和稳定性,作为一个潜在的手段可以应用在生物分析和医疗诊断中.     

金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的应用研究

近年来,贵金属纳米材料由于其具有独特的光学性质、稳定性、生物相容性和自身的结构特性等优点,被广泛用于重金属检测领域。总结了近年来金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的研究现状,最后对贵金属纳米材料在重金属离子检测中的发展前景进行了展望。     

水溶液中金属增强荧光的研究进展

本文综述了水溶液中金属增强荧光的研究进展,重点阐明如何通过控制荧光物质与金属纳米粒子表面的距离,实现水溶液中的金属增强荧光。荧光物质与金属纳米粒子表面的距离主要通过有机分子和无机分子Si O2层控制,只有当距离合适才能达到最大的金属增强荧光。金属增强荧光提高了荧光检测的灵敏度,扩大了荧光技术的应用范围,已广泛应用到DNA、蛋白质检测、生物标记、生物成像和免疫分析中。     

荧光纳米颗粒标记免疫分析

荧光纳米颗粒标记是目前免疫分析研究中一个新兴的领域。由于荧光纳米颗粒标记可以有效地提高单个识别分子上标记的荧光量（F/P）,从而大大提高分析的灵敏度。但是由于在标记和免疫分析过程中具有很多不同于传统荧光染料的特点,需要很多经验的积累,在现阶段限制了其在实际医学诊断中的广泛应用。本文就近年来荧光纳米颗粒标记免疫分析中涉及到的标记方法、免疫模式、影响因素等方面进行了综述。     

金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的应用研究

近年来,贵金属纳米材料由于其具有独特的光学性质、稳定性、生物相容性和自身的结构特性等优点,被广泛用于重金属检测领域。总结了近年来金纳米粒子在重金属离子检测方面的研究现状,最后对贵金属纳米材料在重金属离子检测中的发展前景进行了展望。     

稀土掺杂上转换纳米粒子的表面功能化修饰及其生物应用

稀土掺杂上转换纳米粒子(RED-UCNPs)作为一种新型高效的上转换发光纳米材料,具有反斯托克斯位移大,发射光谱窄、发光寿命长、材料毒性低等优点,已成为荧光标记、光动力学治疗、生物成像和构建生物传感器等领域的研究热点。然而,目前广泛使用的溶剂热法合成的RED-UCNPs生物相容性和亲水性差,而且不具备与生物分子之间相偶联的活性基团,因此对RED-UCNPs进行表面功能化修饰就显得格外重要。本文重点综述了RED-UCNPs的表面功能化修饰的类型及其应用现状,为RED-UCNPs的进一步研究开发和应用提供思路和参考依据。     

金纳米粒子的合成、特性及其在生物医学检测中的应用研究进展

近年来,纳米技术越来越广泛的应用到各个领域,金纳米粒子因其具有许多优良的物理、化学及生物学性质而引起了人们特别的关注。本文综述了金纳米粒子几种经典的合成方法,以及基于金纳米粒子独特的理化性质在病原体、核酸蛋白质检测方面的最新研究进展。     

Recent progress in the application of microfluidic systems and gold nanoparticles in immunoassays

Immunoassays are useful for many bioassays. Many new techniques and materials are introduced into the immunoassay to improve the efficiency. This paper reviews recent progress in the application of microfluidic systems and gold nanoparticles in immunoassay. The micro/nano technologies and materials can offer good sensitivity, fast detection, cost-effectiveness and easy signal readout. In particular, the miniaturization of microfluidics and colorimetric assays based on gold nanoparticles have dramatically im...     

金纳米粒子的表面修饰及生物应用进展

近年来纳米材料被广泛应用于生物医学、航空航天和精细化工等领域。构成纳米材料的纳米粒子具有小尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应等性质。其中金纳米粒子由于其独特的荧光特性、良好的生物相容性和表面等离子共振等性质,被广大科研人员进行深入研究。例如,在生物医学领域,科研人员构建了一系列新型的金纳米比色传感器、光学探针及各类载药体系等。然而,目前金纳米粒子仍存在水分散性差、肾清除效率低和量子发射产率低等问题,限制了其广泛应用。因此,研究人员对金纳米粒子表面进行多样化修饰,从而能有效克服上述缺点。本文就目前主流配体表面修饰金纳米粒子的研究进展进行了详细总结,着重介绍了功能化金纳米粒子在生物成像、生物检测、生物治疗三方面的应用,最后对金纳米粒子的临床治疗机制的探索以及商业化的应用进行了展望,希望能为相关领域的研究者们提供新思路。     

Synthesis of magnetic polyphosphazene-Ag composite particles as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for the detection of melamine

Magnetic polyphosphazene(MPZS) particles coated by Ag nanoparticles(MPZS-Ag) have been developed as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS) substrates for sensitive detection of melamine in aqueous solutions and milk samples.5,5'-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(DTNB) was used as model analyte to test the SERS activity of the MPZS-Ag particles.The prepared MPZS-Ag particles possess both magnetic responsiveness and excellent SERS properties.SERS detection of different concentrations of melamine aqueous solutions and spiked milk samples were performed by the MPZS-Ag particles.The limit of detection(LOD) of the melamine in aqueous solutions was 10-7 mol/L(0.0126 mg/L) and 0.6 mg/L in real milk samples using the MPZS-Ag particles as SERS substrates.The LOD of the melamine are much lower than the safety values of Food and Drug Administration and Codex Alimentarius Commission.These results indicate that the MPZS-Ag particles have promising application prospect for SERS analysis in food safety fields.     

Enrichment and separation of acidic and basic proteins using the centrifugal ultrafiltration followed by nanoparticle-filled capillary electrophoresis

This report describes a method for enrichment and separation of acidic and basic proteins using the centrifugal ultrafiltration followed by nanoparticle-filled capillary electrophoresis. To improve stacking and separation efficiencies of proteins, the separation buffer containing 1.6% poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was added with gold nanoparticles (AuNP), poly(ethylene oxide), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and poly(vinyl alcohol). As a result, the use of AuNP as additives exhibited better efficiency in separation, stacking, and analysis time. Even for large-volume samples (110 nL), the separation efficiencies of acidic and basic proteins remained greater than 10(4) and 10(5) plates/m, respectively. To further enhance detection sensitivity, protein samples were enriched using the centrifugal ultrafiltration, followed by our proposed stacking method. The detection sensitivity was improved up to 314-fold compared to normal hydrodynamic injection. Additionally, the limits of detection at a signal-to-noise of 3 for most proteins were down to nanomolar range. We have validated the application of our method by means of analyses of 50 nM lysozyme in saliva samples. The proposed method was also successfully applied to the analyses of egg-white proteins, which have large differences in molecular weight and pI.     

静电纺纳米复合纤维柔性表面增强拉曼散射传感基底的研究进展

表面增强拉曼散射(Surface enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)是一种分子检测光谱技术,借助SERS基底,可对生物、化学等复杂体系中的痕量分子进行分析。 其中静电纺纳米纤维SERS基底由于具有高比表面积、可透气透水、柔韧可折叠弯曲等特点,在复杂体系中提取、过滤、浓缩痕量分子等应用场景中,其表面结构具有其他刚性SERS基底不可比拟的优势。然而,静电纺纳米纤维SERS基底的发展却受到制备方法的限制,存在检测灵敏度较低、制备过程复杂等问题。 因此,目前的研究工作主要集中在新型制备方法及工艺的开发。 本文综述了静电纺纳米金银复合纤维SERS基底的几种常用制备方法,包括直接混合纺丝法、化学吸附法、静电吸附法、物理沉积法和原位化学还原法,并总结了静电纺纳米纤维SERS基底在复杂体系中提取、过滤、浓缩待测分子的应用,最后对静电纺纳米复合纤维SERS基底的发展进行了展望。