聚醚类破乳剂的界面扩张流变性质

采用悬挂滴方法研究了不同结构聚醚类破乳剂与煤油间的界面张力及界面扩张流变性质. 结果表明, 4种聚醚类破乳剂均具有较强的降低界面张力能力, 且支链化程度越低分子在界面上排列越紧密, 直线型破乳剂在低浓度条件下界面张力最低. 破乳剂的分子尺寸较大, 慢弛豫过程控制界面膜性质, 吸附膜以弹性为主. 同时, 柔性聚氧乙烯链和聚氧丙烯链对界面膜性质的影响较大, 随着支链化程度增大, 界面分子间相互作用增强, 界面膜弹性增强, 黏性降低.     

聚醚聚季铵盐反相破乳剂的合成与破乳性能评价

通过将环氧醚和甲基醚分别加到含氢硅油的基本骨架上,合成环氧醚甲基醚共改性硅油中间体。通过环氧氯丙烷和正二丁胺亲核加成反应得到聚-2-羟基丙基二丁基氯化铵,与有机交联剂多乙烯多胺交联得到聚季铵盐。再将共改性硅油与聚季铵盐进行环氧开环反应,得到聚醚聚季铵盐水包油型反相破乳剂。利用FTIR和1H NMR分析了聚醚季铵盐型水包油型反相破乳剂的结构,考察了破乳条件对破乳性能的影响。实验结果表明,在适宜的破乳条件(破乳剂用量100 mg/L、破乳时间4 h、破乳温度为65℃)下,使用聚醚季铵盐型水包油型反相破乳剂的除油率94.9%,破乳后污水含油量为25.8 mg/L,破乳性能优于聚醚季铵盐破乳剂。     

原油破乳剂-破乳剂复配的筛选

原油含水增加了储存、输送、炼制过程中设备的负荷,引起设备和管道的结垢或腐蚀。原油脱水是原油生产过程中必不可少的环节。原油中的天然乳化剂有沥青质、胶质、石蜡、石油酸皂及泥质固体颗粒等。乳状液的破坏一般经历分油(crearming)、絮凝(flocculation)、膜(破裂)排水、聚     

破乳剂对复合驱乳状液的破乳机理研究

针对模拟采出液和三元复合驱矿场采出液,研究了破乳剂对复合体系界面张力和膜强度的影响.破乳剂浓度增加,二元复合体系界面张力降低,而三元复合体系界面张力升高.破乳剂分子部分顶替乳化剂分子并显著降低了界面膜强度.     

AP型破乳剂界面张力的研究

本文研究了煤油-水的界面张力随聚醚型非离子表面活性剂—AP型高效破乳剂浓度、分子中EO含量、PO链段在分子中的首尾分布和温度的变化, 并以多种原油的破乳实验为例, 讨论了它们与破乳作用的关系。     

用组合化学建立天然产物类似物库

天然产物是药物先导化合物的重要来源.组合化学技术在天然产物的研究中起着越来越重要的作用.目前已构建并合成了许多以天然产物为模板的化合物库,为基于天然产物的药物研究开辟了广阔的空间.     

多元复合原油破乳剂的研究和应用

本文评价了几种破乳剂对克拉玛依原油的破乳效果。进行了单剂和复配剂的化学破乳及除油率的筛选。结果表明复配破乳剂在加药浓度、净化油含水和净化水含油、脱水速度等方面均优于单剂。表明复配破乳剂是高效原油破乳剂的研究方向之一。     

含聚稠油高效破乳剂研究与应用

2014年以来渤海某注聚稠油油田产出液聚合物浓度高、原油黏度大导致原油脱水困难,原破乳剂脱水效果无法满足要求。通过苯酚、多乙烯多胺与甲醛合成酚胺树脂起始剂,然后与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷聚合得到多支化嵌段聚醚破乳剂108#。破乳剂108#具有使用浓度低、脱水速度快的特点,且最终脱水率接近90%。矿场试验结果表明,108#破乳剂加注量比原破乳剂减少48%,外输原油含水从15%-16%降低至9%,原油脱水效果明显改善。     

海上含聚稠油深度脱水破乳剂研究

2018年渤海某聚驱稠油油田开始大幅提产,原油流程超负荷运行导致外输原油含水率升高至15%。通过分析原油系统各级分离器乳化液稳定性,确定了深度脱水破乳剂的开发方向。分别以乙二醇、丙二醇和丙三醇为起始剂合成EO-PO-EO型嵌段聚醚破乳剂。室内实验表明,破乳剂A2321能够大幅降低聚驱稠油中的含水率和乳化液含量,其脱水效果明显优于破乳剂AE8051、BP169和SP169。矿场试验结果表明,破乳剂A2321可将外输原油含水率从15%降低至8%,有效解决了电脱水器中乳化液的深度脱水问题。     

UCHP Method for Oligosaccharide Combinatorial Library Synthesis

A new methodology for oligosaccharide combinatorial library synthesis using a special hydroxy protecting group, the uni-chemo hydroxy protection (UCHP) group, was developed. The UCHP group was composed of oligomeric amino acid derivatives. The amino terminals of UCHP groups were protected by either Boc or Fmoc groups. By using these two types of UCHP, five kinds of trigalactoses [Galβ1-3Galβ1-3Gal, Galβ1-3(Galβ1-4)Gal, Galβ1-4Galβ1-3Gal, Galβ1-3Galβ1-4Gal, and Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Gal] were successfully synthesized on a solid support as a model of oligosaccharide combinatorial library. Each step of all reactions was also successfully monitored using a combination of two colorimetric tests, chloranil and methyl red-DIC.     

新型聚醚的合成与表征

用高活性催化剂催化环氧丙烷开环聚合得到一类新型高质量聚醚。对产物进行IR和NMR表征和分析,并探讨了合成工艺条件。结果表明,调节单体与调节剂的比例,控制反应温度在100 5℃,压力在0.15 ~ 0.25 MPa ,可得到不饱和度低、相对分子质量可控、相对分子质量分布窄的聚醚产品。     

A Novel Construction of Ring-Opening Polymerization and Chemical Recycling System

This article summarizes our recent efforts to chemical recycling of polymeric materials based on the equilibrium polymerization character of cyclic monomers. Spiro orthoesters ( SOE s), bicyclo orthoester, cyclic carbonates, and dithiocarbonates undergo ring-opening polymerization to afford the corresponding polymers, and the resulting polymers depolymerize to give the starting monomers under cationic or anionic conditions. Further, crosslinking and decrosslinking systems of bifunctional SOE s and a polymer having SOE moiety in the side chain are described.     

The Application and Research of Dispersing In Situ Nano-SiO2 in Polyether Demulsifier TA1031

In order to enlarge the application range of nanomaterial and improve the demulsification performance of macromolecule polyether demulsifier, the nano-SiO₂ was dispersed in situ in polyether demulsifier TA1031 to form a new high efficiency demulsifier. The new demulsifier was analyzed by FTIR, SEM, rotational viscometer, and interfacial tension meter. The result showed that dispersing nano-SiO₂ in crude oil demulsifier would greatly improve the demulsification performance of the original demulsifier. When the ratio of silicon dioxide and TA1031 is 1:10 (mass ratio), the demulsification performance of the new demulsifier was the best, and the dehydration rate of emulsion increased about by 20%. Also the time of demulification and dehydration would be greatly shortened, and the demusification mechanism was preliminary analyzed.     

Synthesis of Novel Polyether Polyol by Using Double Metal Cyanide

Hydroxyl-terminated novel polyether polyols were synthesized by polymerization of epichlorohydrin (ECH) catalyzed by double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on the polymerization of Polyether Polyol were studied. The molecular structure and the damping properties were measured by IR spectra, ¹H-NMR spectra and the dynamic mechanical analysis.     

化学发光-化学需氧量测定新方法

根据重铬酸钾消解废水后其最终还原产物Cr3+ 浓度与COD值成正比关系 ,以及在碱性条件下 ,Luminol H2 O2 Cr3+ 体系产生很强的化学发光的原理 ,提出了一种用光电二极管做检测器测定水体的化学需氧量的新方法。本方法线性范围为 2 .1～ 60 0mg L,r2 =0 .9974;检出限为 2 .1mg L ;回收率为 1 0 0 %± 1 0 % ;RSD≤ 5 % (n =6)。用于实际样品测定 ,结果满意。     

Combinatorial Synthesis of Small Organic Molecules

Combinatorial synthesis has developed within a few years from a laboratory curiosity to a method that is taken seriously in drug research. Rapid progress in molecular biology and the resulting ability to determine the activity of new substances extremely efficiently have led to a change in paradigm for the synthesis of test compounds: in addition to the conventional procedure of synthesizing one substance after another, new methods allowing simultaneous creation of many structurally defined substances are becoming increasingly important. A characteristic of combinatorial synthesis is that a reaction is performed with many synthetic building blocks at once—in parallel or in a mixture— rather than with just one building block. All possible combinations are formed in each step, so that a large number of products, a so-called library, is obtained from only a few reactants. Several methods have been developed for combinatorial synthesis of small organic molecules, based on research into peptide library synthesis: single substances are produced by highly automated parallel syntheses, and special techniques enable targeted synthesis of mixtures with defined components. Many structures can be obtained by combinatorial synthesis, and the size of the libraries created ranges from a few individual compounds to many thousand substances in mixtures. This article gives an overview of the combinatorial syntheses of small organic molecules reported to date, performed both in solution and on a solid support. In addition, different techniques for identification of active compounds in mixtures are presented, together with ways to automate syntheses and process the large amounts of data produced. An overview of pionering companies active in this area is also given. The final outlook attempts to predict the future development of this exponentially growing area and the influence of this new thinking in other areas of chemistry.     

Chemical Syntheses and Chemical Biology of Carboxyl Polyether Ionophores: Recent Highlights

A central goal of chemical biology is to develop molecular probes that enable fundamental studies of cellular systems. In the hierarchy of bioactive molecules, the so‐called ionophore class occupies an unflattering position in the lower branches, with typical labels being “non‐specific” and “toxic”. In fact, the mere possibility that a candidate molecule possesses “ionophore activity” typically prompts its removal from further studies; ionophores—from a chemical genetics perspective—are molecular outlaws. In stark contrast to this overall poor reputation of ionophores, synthetic chemistry owes some of its most amazing achievements to studies of ionophore natural products, in particular the carboxyl polyethers renowned for their intricate molecular structures. These compounds have for decades been academic battlegrounds where new synthetic methodology is tested and retrosynthetic tactics perfected. Herein, we review the most exciting recent advances in carboxyl polyether ionophore (CPI) synthesis and in addition discuss the burgeoning field of CPI chemical biology.     

A Novel Method for Studying the interaction of Macromolecule with Small Molecule by Means of Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

IntroductionThedeterminationofbindingconstantsplaysanimportantroleforthestudiesofbiomoleculerecognition.Comparedwithtraditionalmethodstheaffinitycapillaryelectrophoresis(ACE)hasadvantagesofsmallsampleconsumption,andobservingtheinteractioninfreesoluti...