ENSO影响热带大气季节内振荡的年代际变化特征

为了研究厄尔尼诺和南方涛动(ENSO)现象影响热带大气季节内振荡(ISO)的年代际变化特征,利用奇异值分解(SVD)、小波分析和经验正交函数分析(EOF)等方法对热带大气ISO强度指数、赤道中东太平洋海温及热带大气环流场进行了分析。计算结果显示,20世纪70年代中期以前,ENSO对热带大气ISO的影响较弱;70年代中期以后,ENSO对热带大气ISO的影响加强。造成上述年代际变化的原因与热带大气环流的年代际变化有关,因此,ENSO对热带大气ISO的影响也存在年代际变化。     

黑潮弯曲时的北太平洋冬季海温异常对大气低频振荡的影响

利用中科院大气物理研究所开放实验室ＩＡＰ－ＡＧＣＭ（二层大气环流模式），针对黑潮弯曲时的北太平洋冬季表层海温（ＳＳＴ）异常进行八个月的数值积分试验。试验结果表明：黑潮弯曲时北太平洋冬季ＳＳＴ异常对大气低频振荡的影响具有明显的３０－６０ｄ振荡的特征；在北半球的３０－６０ｄ振荡，大部分地区为向西传播，在南半球则为向东传播；其经向传播较为复杂，在１２０℃剖面上以向南传播为主；热带地区受此ＳＳＴ异常的影响     

青藏高原冬季热源多尺度变化及影响因素分析

利用日本气象厅提供的JRA-55再分析资料,对1980-2017年青藏高原冬季热源的时空特征进行了分析.小波分析结果表明,青藏高原的冬季热源在年际尺度上存在阶段性周期变化,其中在4～8 a尺度上的周期振荡较为明显;在年代际尺度上热源具有持续的周期变化特征,在10～16 a尺度上周期振荡最为剧烈,具有12 a左右的主周期...     

PDO 指数、SOI 指数与汉江流域气候变率的关系?

利用1960—2012年汉江流域11个气象站的降水量和气温以及1960—2010年太平洋中高纬年代际振荡(PDO)指数和南方涛动指数(SOI)的月值数据,分析了汉江流域降水和气温与PDO和SOI指数之间的相关关系.结果表明,汉江流域上游5个气象站当年3—4月的总降水量与上年3月PDO指数存在95%置信水平以上的负相关,上年9月至当年6月总降水量与上年3—5月SOI指数平均值存在95%置信水平以上的正相关;中游3个气象站当年3—5月降水量与上年3—4月PDO指数平均值存在95%置信水平以上的负相关,当年11—12月总降水量与上年9月SOI指数存在95%置信水平以上的正相关;下游3个气象站当年3—4月总降水量与上年1—3月PDO指数平均值存在95%置信水平以上的负相关,上年11月至当年1月总降水量与上年8月SOI指数存在95%置信水平以上的负相关;汉江流域11个气象站当年3月气温与上年10月PDO指数存在95%置信水平以上的负相关,当年11—12月气温与上年8月SOI指数存在95%置信水平以上负相关.     

赤道太平洋障碍层的年际演变及其与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件的关联

利用2004—2017年BOA_Argo网格数据集系统分析了赤道太平洋障碍层厚度的年际演变及其与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)事件的关联.在年平均意义上,热带太平洋障碍层在暖池区存在明显的年际变动,其厚度变化幅度可达15m以上.多变量经验正交函数分解的主模态表明:西太平洋暖池区降水与障碍层的异常场分布型态吻合,都呈现明显的东(正)西(负)反相位分布,降水的正(负)异常造成了障碍层的正(负)异常;且与ENSO事件高度相关(相关系数0.87),存在显著的2～4年的年际变化主周期信号.针对赤道太平洋障碍层的纬向迁移分析表明:对应于厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)年,赤道太平洋偏厚的障碍层位置显著东(西)移,且与暖池东部边缘和海表盐度(SSS)锋的纬向迁移大致处于同一位相.在大多数情况下,较厚的障碍层局限于暖池的东部边缘内(170°W以西),位于SSS锋附近或偏西;SSS锋附近的障碍层可能归因于水平平流、强降水及开尔文波.在2015年9月至2016年2月期间,赤道中太平洋的SSS锋消失,对应着厚障碍层的消失,表明厚障碍层的位置与西太平洋暖池东部边缘内SSS锋的纬向位置密切相关.     

西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征及其变化研究的若干进展

为了对我国气象工作者全面了解和参与热带气旋的研究有所帮助,在大量阅读和调研的基础上,介绍了近20年西北太平洋热带气旋活动在季节、年际和年代际尺度上研究的若干主要成果.重点阐述了EN-SO与热带气旋的关系,温室效应热带气旋的数值模拟和观测研究等的最新动态.     

Android智能手机海面高度测量及其遥感应用

开展了Android智能手机的海面高度测量研究,并通过与测绘接收机测量结果和同比验潮站数据对比初步评估其性能。为了降低测量设备非探测区域反射的卫星导航信号对海面高度测量的影响,提出了经验模态分解提纯海面反射信号干涉振荡特征的方法,并利用仿真和试验数据验证了其有效性. 利用小米6智能手机和华测北斗N72测绘接收机采集的18天GNSS数据,开展了海面高度测量研究和评估. 结果表明:海面高度测量结果和验潮站同比数据在风速小于15 m/s时具有良好的一致性,智能手机和测绘接收机测量的海面高度的同比均方根误差均为0.31 m;智能手机用于测量海面高度的卫星信号的高度角下、上限高于30°的占比分别为30.8%和45.3%,以至于高高度角的信噪比时序可被用于测量海面高度;在18天的试验时间内,共计采集1120个海面高度测量值,平均62个/天,相比于CORS站,在相同的观测周期内具有更多的测量样本。最后对智能手机的遥感应用进行了讨论,以期推进遥感的大众化进程.      

大气环流年代际变化对东亚北部冬季气温异常的影响

 利用NCEP资料1949～1999年间的地表气温(SAT)进行经验正交函数分解(EOF).得到的前2个模态均表明,20世纪70年代中期以后,东亚北部地区冬季气温增暖明显,发生了显著的年代际变化.这种气温的异常变化主要受到东亚冬季风的直接影响.近20多年来,北极涛动维持在正位相并持续增强,其对东亚冬季风的影响也越来越显著,东亚冬季风持续减弱,使得东亚北部地区冬季气温增暖.通过对SAT和SLP进行奇异值分解(SVD),结果表明北极涛动的持续增强可能是东亚北部地区冬季增暖的重要原因之一.     

夏季西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化及其与南半球环流的联系

根据19582002年的再分析资料,研究了夏季西太平洋副高的年代际变化及其与南半球环流变化的联系．20世纪70年代末之后,副高偏向西南,强度增强,但这种变化趋势在6—8月间逐渐趋弱．从全球范围看,最显著的变化发生在南半球,南极涛动趋于正位相,索马里急流偏强,致使副高偏向西南,强度增强．同时,由于副高在夏季期间向北移动,南半球环流变化对副高的影响在6-8月间逐渐减弱,这与副高的变化趋势相吻合．     

Linkage between the Asian-Pacific Oscillation and the sea surface temperature in the North Pacific

The linkage between the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific during the summertime (June-August) is preliminarily investigated through an analysis of observed data.It is found that APO is significantly and positively correlated to the North Pacific SST,with the correlation coefficient being 0.58 on the interannual timescale during the period 1954-2003,which suggests that a strong (weak) APO corresponds to high (low) SST in the North Pacific.Their in-phas...     

连云港、吕泗海域的海表温度变化及影响机制

通过对连云港海域(1976-2008)、吕泗海域(1960-1990)30年左右的海表温度(SST)资料进行随机动态分析;并计算了SST与Nio3.4指数、海表热通量和海面风场的相关系数。研究结果表明:从1976-2008年连云港的SST呈现长期升高的趋势,32年间约上升0.9℃;从1960-1990年吕泗的SST呈现下降的趋势,30年间共下降约0.22℃。月均的SST最大熵谱分析揭示了两站的SST具有12个月和6个月的显著变化周期,此外还有准2 a的振荡周期。东赤道太平洋海温的异常对连云港、吕泗海域的SST有一定的影响,热通量是影响连云港海域SST变化的部分因素,仅通过海面热通量的变化无法解释连云港海域海表温度升高的现象,海洋动力过程对SST的贡献不能忽略。连云港、吕泗海域的SST变化与风场的变化显著相关。     

热带印度洋海面温度与高度的相关性分析

基于海面温度与海面高度异常的月均数据,采用EOF、SVD和功率谱分析等方法,对热带印度洋海面温度与海面高度进行特征分析,研究两者在时空结构上的相关性。利用EOF方法分析出海面温度第二模态与海面高度第一模态的空间结构类似,呈现偶极型。相关分析与功率谱表明,两模态的时间序列存在滞后相关和类似的周期结构。SVD结果显示,第一耦合模态的相关系数达0.7左右,且左右场的空间形态呈现东西反相。这表明,海面高度偶极型与海面温度的单极型和偶极型存在着相关。同时,海面高度指数也表现与偶极子指数类似的结构特征。针对上述诊断分析事实特征,对海面温度和海面高度偶极子形成的物理机制进行了初步分析,总结了前人所做的一些工作,指出其中可能的影响因素。     

Interdecadal variation of tropical cyclone activity in association with summer monsoon, sea surface temperature over the western North Pacific

Based on geographic division over the western North Pacific (WNP), the interdecadal relationships between summer monsoon, sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical cyclones activity (including number, track and intensity) are examined. In the past several decades, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and tropical westerlies contribute to the interdecadal variation of TC number in the northwest and southeast of WNP respectively. The increased TC occurrence density to the east of Philippines related to TC track appears during the 1990s, in terms of both steer flow induced by WPSH and genesis location. From the interdecadal viewpoint, the tendency of TC intensity, measured by averaged accumulated cyclone energy, does well agree with that of SST, implying that SST plays an important role in TC intensity. Supported by Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200806009) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421505)     

Relationship between Arctic Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on decadal timescale

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is one of the main modes to describe the climate variability in the North Pacific (NP)[1-5]. Recent studies showed that PDO is related to winter surface air temperature and precipitation over North America[3,6], the c…     

The interdecadal trend and shift of dry/wet over the central part of North China and their relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）

Based on monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature (SAT),the dry/wet trends and shift of the central part of North China and their relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) from 1951 to 2005 have been analyzed through calculating surface wetness index (SWI). The results indicate that there was a prominent drying trend and an abrupt change in the analysis period. A per-sistent warming period with less precipitation from the mid and late 1970s to present was found,and a shift process exists from the wet to the dry in the central part of North China during 1951-2005. The transition is located in the mid to late 1970s,which should be related to the shift variation of large-scale climate background. The correlation analysis has brought about a finding of significant correlativity between PDO index (PDOI) and SAT,precipitation and SWI in this region. The correlation exhibits that the positive phase of PDOI (warm PDO phase) matches warming,less precipitation and the drought period,and the negative PDOI phase corresponds to low SAT,more precipitation and the wet period. The duration of various phases is more than 25 years. The decadal variation of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean is one of the possible causes in forming the decadal dry/wet trend and shift of the central part of North China.     

Low-frequency sea level variation and its correlation with climate events in the Pacific

Global mean sea level(GMSL) has not only significant secular trend and seasonal variations,but also inter-annual and decadal variations.This paper reconstructs the time series of GMSL variations between 1948 and 2007 by combining satellite altimeter measurements and tide gauge observations.Based on the time series,the acceleration of GMSL rise in the second half of 20th century is estimated to be 0.010±0.009 mm/a 2,and multi-scale low frequency sea level oscillations including decadal variations are detected,and the high-rate of GMSL rise during 1993-2003 is locate in the ascending phase of low frequency oscillation.Then,using the reconstructed GMSL time series after removing the secular trend from satellite altimetry and tide gauges measurements,it shows that low frequency signal of sea level variation has strong correlations with the index of El Ni o/Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).But in several time periods,they have large difference due to effects of both high frequency occurrence of El Ni o and La Ni a phenomenon and short term switch of PDO events.     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Observing seasonal variations of sea surface wind speed and significant wave height using TOPEX altimetry

One year of ocean topography experiment (TOPEX) altimeter data are used to study the seasonal variations of global sea surface wind speed and significant wave height. The major wind and wave zones of the world oceans are precisely identified, their seasonal variability and characteristics are quantitatively analyzed, and the diversity of global wind speed seasonality and the variability of significant wave height in response to sea surface wind speed are also revealed.