NMR studies of 4(3H)-quinazolinones and 4(3H)-quinazolinethiones

Summary Unambiguous¹H and¹³C NMR assignments for 4(3H)-quinazolinones1–6 and their corresponding 4-thiones7–12 have been made. This resulted in the revision of the previous assignments for the two benzenoid carbons (C-5 and C-8) of quinazolinones1,2,4, and5. Thionation of the nucleophilic amides1–6 has been found to cause a distinct change in the¹³C chemical shift of particularly C-4, but also of those of C-4a, C-5, and C-8a. One-bond and several long range heteronuclear coupling constants for the compounds have also been measured.

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Kernresonanzspektroskopie von 4(3H)-Chinazolinonen und 4(3H)-Chinazolinthionen

Zusammenfassung Die¹H- und¹³C-NMR-Spektren der 4(3H)-Chinazolinone1–6 und ihrer entsprechenden 4-Thione7–12 wurden zugeordnet. Dabei zeigte sich, daß eine frühere Zuordnung der beiden benzoiden Kohlenstoffe (C-5 und C-8) der Chinazolinone1,2,4 und5 falsch war. Ersatz des Sauerstoffs durch Schwefel in den nukleophilen Amiden1–6 führt insbesondere für C-4, aber auch für C-4a, C-5 und C-8a zu einer deutlichen Änderung der chemischen Verschiebung. Heteronukleare Kopplungskonstanten über eine und über mehrere Bindungen wurden bestimmt.

     

Stereochemicai study of 7-aryl-1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3(2H)indolizinones by1H and13C NMR

Stereochemistry of 7-aryl-1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3(2H)-indolizinones was studied by¹H and¹³C NMR. Complete assignment of¹H NMR signals and analysis of¹H-¹H coupling constants were performed using the iterative PANIC program. Values of³ J _6,7,³ J _7,8endo, and⁴ J _5,7 allow one to unambiguously identify the correspondingexo- andendo-stereoisomers. For stereoisomers with exo-orientation of H(7), complete assignment of¹³C NMR signals was performed on the basis of analysis of the¹³C-¹H coupling constants using two dimensional heteronuclear shift-correlating spectroscopy.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 591–593, March, 1996.     

The C2H 3 + cation and its interaction with HF

The structure and stability of classical and bridged C₂H ₃ ⁺ is reinvestigated. The SCF and CEPA-PNO computations performed with flexibles andp basis sets including twod-sets on carbon confirm our previous results. We find the protonated acetylene structure to be more stable than the vinyl cation by 3.5–4 kcal/mol. The energy barrier for the interconversion of these two structures is at most a few tenths of a kcal/mol. The equilibrium SCF geometries of Weberet al. [15] are affected insignificantly by further optimization at the CEPA-PNO level. Several structures for the interaction of C₂H ₃ ⁺ with HF have been investigated at the SCF level. With our largest basis set which includes a complete set of polarization functions we find a remarkable levelling of the stabilities of most of the structures. In these cases the stabilization energy ΔE ranges from −10 to −13 kcal/mol.     

Eu3+、Ga3+共掺杂SiO2基质材料的制备及其发光性质

通过溶胶-凝胶方法制备了稀土离子Eu³⁺和Ga³⁺共掺杂的SiO₂材料;利用IR、XRD等研究了材料的结构,结果表明材料属于非晶态,800 ℃退火后样品的主要结构仍为SiO₂的网状结构。400 ℃退火的样品在393 nm激发下发射光谱显示了Eu³⁺的特征发射光谱,产生3条明显谱带,分别是576 nm(⁵D₀-⁷F     

Diatomic interactions in momentum space. The 1sσg and 2pσ u states of H 2 + system

The method of momentum electron density for interatomic interactions has been applied to the two lowest σ states of the H ₂ ⁺ system. For attractive (1sσ_g) and repulsive (2pσ _u ) interactions, the behaviour of momentum density and its effect on the stabilization energy of the system are examined quantitatively. The concept of contraction and expansion of the momentum density is shown to form an important guiding principle in this approach. The origin of covalent bonding is discussed based on the energy partitioning proposed previously.     

1H, 13C,and 14N NMR study of 3-methylfurazans with nitrogen-containing substituents at position 4

3-Methylfurazans with nitrogen-containing substituents at position 4 were studied by ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁴N NMR spectroscopy. A correlation between the chemical shifts in ¹³C NMR spectra of these furazans and monosubstituted benzenes with the same substituents was found. The increments for a number of furazan-containing substituents were determined for the first time.     

Spin-spin coupling constant 3 J H,F as a reliable criterion for recognition of individual regioisomeric and tautomeric pairs of H(CF2)2-containing isoxazoles and pyrazoles

The spin-spin coupling constant ³ J _H,F of the H(CF₂)₂ group varies within 1.6—3.5 Hz for 5-R^F- and 3.8—4.5 Hz for 3-R^F-isoxazoles and pyrazoles in CDCl₃ and can serve as a reliable criterion for recognition of regioisomeric and tautomeric structures of H(CF₂)₂-containing heterocyclic compounds.     

H NMR titration and quantum calculation for the inclusion complexes of styrene and α-methyl styrene with α, β and γ-cyclodextrins

The inclusion behavior between styrene (α-methyl styrene) and cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied by using ¹H NMR titration in solution. The results indicate that 1:1 inclusion complexes were formed. The association constants of the inclusion complexes were determined by nonlinear least-square method. The inclusion process was also studied by using PM3 quantum-mechanical semi-empirical method. The calculated results are in agreed with the experimental data.     

3D nanostructured Ni(OH)2 microspheres as an efficient immobilization matrix of Ru(bpy)3 for high-performance electrochemiluminescence sensor

The electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of novel three-dimensional nanostructured Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/Ni(OH)₂ microspheres were investigated for the first time. The negatively charged porous Ni(OH)₂ microspheres composed of Ni(OH)₂ nanowires were specifically designed to interact with Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. The large surface area and porous structure of Ni(OH)₂ microspheres enhance loading of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ and mass transport of the model analyte, tripropylamine (TPA). Excellent ECL performance of the presented sensor was achieved including good stability and wide linear range from 7.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 3.8 × 10⁻³ M with the detection limit of 2.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ M to TPA.     

Ion sites in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide solutions of NaNO3 and cryptand complexed NaNO3 by digital infrared spectroscopy

Infrared spectra in digitized form were measured for NaNO₃ and [Na·C221]⁺NO ₃ ^– solutions in DMSO-d₆ between 1150 and 1500 cm^–1 using a technique and instrumentation that obtains each point of the average absorbance spectrum at the same (reduced) noise level. Similar spectra were also obtained for the solvent and the Na⁺ complexed cryptand C221 and used to remove the contribution of these entities from the above spectra. By taking appropriate differences of spectra, it was possible to reveal both bands of the contact ion pair in the NaNO₃/DMSO-d₆ solution-removing one from under the strong band of the D_3h site—and to show the presence of three ion sites in this solution. The third site is tentatively identified as a close ion pair. Two ion sites are also identified in the [Na·C221]⁺NO ₃ ^– /DMSO-d₆ solution.Paper X in the series, Studies of Solution Character, by Molecular Spectroscopy.     

Structure de Modeles de Polyesters 2.-Determination de la Purete optique par RMN 13C et H de Dibenzoyloxy 1,2 Propane,l,3 Butane et 3-Methyl 1,4 Butane a l'Aide de Reactifs chiraux

Abstract

The enantiomeric purity of a series of polyester model compounds has been assayed by NMR spectroscopy, using chiral lantha-nide shift reagents. The dependencc of proton and ¹³ C NMR spectra on concentration and temperature has been investigated.     

还原温度对Ni／Al2O3催化剂上H2,CO吸附的影响

采用程序升温还原与程序升温逐步活化、Ｈ２、ＣＯ室温吸附、Ｈ２程序升温脱附相结合的方法，研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上还原活化温度对其吸脱附性能的影响．实验发现，Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，在不同温度还原的不同Ｎｉ氧化物物种，经相应温度活化后可形成不同性质的Ｈ２、ＣＯ吸附中心．催化剂经５２３Ｋ及５７３Ｋ活化后可形成极细的与Ａｌ２Ｏ３有一定相互作用的吸附中心，在这类中心上，Ｈ２的室温吸附量极小，但有一定的高温Ｈ２吸附量，且高温吸附的Ｈ２要在较高温度下才能脱附，ＣＯ在其上则可能是按单金属中心多ＣＯ方式吸附的．催化剂经６７３Ｋ和７２３Ｋ活化后均形成较强的Ｈ２、ＣＯ吸附中心，ＣＯ在这些中心上可能是按线式和桥式两种方式吸附的．催化剂经６７３Ｋ活化后，形成的中心上吸附的Ｈ２可在相对较低的温度下脱附．Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３经７７３Ｋ处理会发生烧结，因而丧失室温Ｈ２、ＣＯ吸附能力．     

Dissociation and IVR pathways for the CF3H(H2O)3 cluster

Classical trajectory simulations are used to study the intramolecular dynamics of isolated CF₃H and the CF₃H(H₂O)₃ cluster, by either exciting the CH stretch local mode to then=6 level or by adding an equivalent amount of energy to an OH stretch normal mode. Energy transfer from the CH local mode is statistically the same for CF₃H(H₂O)₃ as for isolated CF₃H, and agrees with previous experimental studies. Clusters excited with 6 quanta in the CH local mode are remarkably stable. Though the CF₃H-(H₂O)₃ intermolecular potential is only 1.5 kcal/mol, only 1 of 26 clusters excited with 6 quanta in the CH local mode dissociate within 10 ps. The absorption linewidth for the CH local mode in CF₃H(H₂O)₃ is related to IVR within CF₃H and not to the unimolecular lifetime of the cluster. When an OH stretch normal mode of the cluster is excited, energy transfer to CF₃H is negligible and nearly one half of the clusters dissociate within 10 ps.     

H NMR studies on the reductively triggered release of heterocyclic and steroid drugs from 4,7-dioxoindole-3-methyl prodrugs

Hypoxia is a feature of several disease states, including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Prodrug systems which, after bioreduction, selectively release active drugs in these tissues may be important in therapy. An improved preparation of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxyindole-4,7-dione was developed. Mitsunobu coupling with (5-substituted) isoquinolin-1-ones (potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase) gave 1-(1,2-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-5-methoxyindol-3-ylmethoxy)isoquinolines and N-(1,2-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-5-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl)isoquinolin-1-ones. Similar coupling with the anticancer drug pentamethylmelamine gave its potential prodrug 1,2-dimethyl-3-(N-(4,6-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-N-methylaminomethyl)-5-methoxyindole-4,7-dione. Treatment of sodium prednisolone hemisuccinate with 3-chloromethyl-1,2-dimethyl-5-methoxyindole-4,7-dione gave an analogous candidate prodrug of the anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone. In a chemical model system for bioreduction, SnCl₂ in CDCl₃/CD₃OD triggered rapid stoichiometric release of isoquinolin-1-ones from the O-linked prodrugs but not from the N-linked analogues. Use of this system allowed the release process to be monitored in situ by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Diethyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate was found to reduce Sn^IV to Sn^II, making the overall reductive release catalytic in tin. The reduced (hydroquinone) prodrug may have a short lifetime under these reductive conditions, meaning that only good leaving groups are expelled. Thus 1-(1,2-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-5-methoxyindol-3-ylmethoxy)isoquinolines and analogues may be useful as reductively triggered prodrugs.     

Novel naphthalene-based fluorescent chemosensors for Cu2+ and Fe3+ in aqueous media

Three novel compounds bearing 2,7-dihydroxylnaphthalene capable of detecting Cu²⁺ or Fe³⁺ have been synthesised based on photoinduced electron transfer. The ability of these compounds for complex transition metal ions has been studied, and complex stoichiometry for Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ complex has been determined in the Tris–HCl (0.01 M DMSO/H₂O (v/v) 1:1, buffer, pH 7.4) solution system by fluorescence titration experiments. These chemosensors form a 1:1 complex with Cu²⁺ or Fe³⁺ and show a fluorescent quenching with a binding constant of (4.46 ± 0.29) × 10³ and (8.04 ± 0.26) × 10⁴, respectively.     

Electronic state of Fe used as Mössbauer probe in the perovskites LaMO3 (M=Ni and Cu)

For the first time a comparative study of rhombohedral LaNiO₃ and LaCuO₃ oxides, using ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer probe spectroscopy (1% atomic rate), has been carried out. In spite of the fact that both oxides are characterized by similar crystal structure and metallic properties, the behavior of ⁵⁷Fe probe atoms in such lattices appears essentially different. In the case of LaNi_0.99Fe_0.01O₃, the observed isomer shift (δ) value corresponds to Fe³⁺ (3d⁵) cations in high-spin state located in an oxygen octahedral surrounding. In contrast, for the LaCu_0.99Fe_0.01O₃, the obtained δ value is comparable to that characterizing the formally tetravalent high-spin Fe⁴⁺(3d⁴) cations in octahedral coordination within Fe(IV) perovskite-like ferrates. To explain such a difference, an approach based on the qualitative energy diagrams analysis and the calculations within the cluster configuration interaction method have been developed. It was shown that in the case of LaNi_0.99Fe_0.01O₃, electronic state of nickel is dominated by the d⁷ configuration corresponding to the formal ionic “Ni³⁺-O²⁻” state. On the other hand, in the case of LaCu_0.99Fe_0.01O₃ a large amount of charge is transferred via Cu-O bonds from the O:2p bands to the Cu:3d orbitals and the ground state is dominated by the d⁹L configuration (“Cu²⁺−O” state). The dominant d⁹L ground state for the (CuO₆) sublattice induces in the environment of the ⁵⁷Fe probe cations a charge transfer Fe³⁺+O⁻(L)→Fe⁴⁺+O²⁻, which transforms “Fe³⁺” into “Fe⁴⁺” state. The analysis of the isomer shift value for the formally “Fe⁴⁺” ions in perovskite-like oxides clearly proved a drastic influence of the 4s iron orbitals population on the Fe−O bonds character.     

Single-Stage Extraction and Separation of Co2+ from Ni2+ Using Ionic Liquid of [C4H9NH3][Cyanex 272]

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions for separating Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ using N-butylamine phosphinate ionic liquid of [C₄H₉NH₃][Cyanex 272]. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of the initial pH, extraction time, and extraction temperature on the separation factor of Co²⁺ from sulfuric acid solution containing Ni²⁺. The concentrations of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in an aqueous solution were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: an initial pH of 3.7, an extraction time of 55.8 min, and an extraction temperature of 330.4 K. The separation factor of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ under optimized extraction conditions was 66.1, which was very close to the predicted value of 67.2, and the error was 1.7%. The equation for single-stage extraction with high reliability can be used for optimizing the multi-stage extraction process of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺. The stoichiometry of chemical reaction for ion-exchange extraction was also investigated using the slope method.     

13C and1H NMR study of 3-R-substitutedtrans-2-oxadecalins and 1-R-substitutedcis- andtrans-2-oxahydrindans

Previously synthesized 3-substitutedcis- andtrans-2-oxadecalins and 1-substitutedcis- andtrans-2-oxahydrindans were studied by ¹³ C and ¹ H NMR. The structure and configuration of these compounds were established.A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117912 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 861–865, April, 1992.     

Condensation Products of 1-Aryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(1H)pyridones with Hydrazine, Phenylhydrazine, and Hydroxylamine

We have studied condensation of 1-(4-bromophenyl- and 2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(1H)pyridones with hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, and hydroxylamine, as a result of which we obtained nucleophilic substitution and intramolecular cyclization products: 5-(4-bromophenyl- and 2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrazole[4,3-c]pyridin-3-ones, 5-(4-bromophenyl- and 2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-6,7-dihydroisoxazole[4,3-c]pyridin-3(5H)-ones. We used computer modeling of the molecules of the studied compounds to obtain additional information on the structural features of the reaction products.