Polymers for the 21st Century

Abstract

In the 21st century, polymers will be even more in demand for our modern societal needs than they are today. From the high volume commodity plastics to the highly sophisticated, highly priced, and specially designed low volume functional specialty polymers, an entire rainbow of needs and application possibilities awaits the polymers of the future. In some cases new and improved manufacturing techniques or improvements in the life cycle of these materials will be needed. In other cases completely new polymer structures and their morphologies will have to be developed.     

Macromolecular Architecture for the 21st Century

Abstract

The success of civilizations and technologies has always depended on the efficient use of the available materials.     

Aliphatic Polyethers: Classical Polymers for the 21st Century

Polyethers—polymers with the structural element (R'‐O‐R)_n in their backbone—are an old class of polymers which were already used at the time of the ancient Egyptians. However, still today these materials are highly important with applications in all areas of our life, reaching from the automotive and paper industry to cosmetics and biomedical applications. In this Review, different aliphatic polyethers like poly(epoxide)s, poly(oxetane)s, and poly(tetrahydrofuran) are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the history, the polymerization techniques (industrially and in academia), the properties, the applications as well as recent developments of these materials.

     

21世纪的高分子化学展望

对于２１世纪高分子科学的展望大致如下：２１世纪的特征是能源、材料和环保与健康（或称绿色）。作为材料领域中极其重要的部分,２１世纪对高分子材料在质量方面都有要求,大致可分二个方面同是通过控制聚合而得均匀高分子,其分子量概念不再是各种长短不齐高分子链的平均分子量;二是绿色高分子与绿色反应,前者主要是指生物高分子,对环境稳定高分子则将进行回收与重复使用;所谓绿色反应指所有高分子与相应单体的合成方法都必须     

Hungarian Chemistry in the 21st Century

Chemical research in Hungary is attracting broad interest, as can be seen from this collection of highlights, all previously published in internationally esteemed journals.     

化学生物学将成为21世纪重要的新兴交叉学科

2000年3月25-26日,由国家自然科学基金会化学部主持召开了"化学生物学"研讨会.来自北京大学、清华大学、北京医科大学、中国科技大学、中山大学、兰州大学、四川大学、中国科学院化学研究所、中国科学院上海有机化学研究所、中国科学院上海药物研究所、军事医学科学院毒物研究所和放射医学研究所等单位30余位从事化学和生命科学交叉领域研究的专家,对"化学生物学 (Chemical Biology)"这一新兴学科的国内外发展状况以及未来的发展方向,进行了深入讨论.     

面对21世纪的挑战

面对２１世纪的挑战李远哲在过去的十年内，我曾经在不同的场合以同样的话题，发表个人对人类将来的一些看法与关怀。虽然这十年来，世局的改变非常急速，但是我基本的观点并没有改变，改变的是随着世纪转折点的来临，我们必须更坚决地下定决心，加深“迎接挑战”迫切感。...     

21世纪电化学的若干发展趋势

本文简要回顾 2 0世纪后五十年电化学在理论、实验技术、新现象发现和应用等领域的重要进展 ,提出了 2 1世纪前期电化学的若干发展趋势 ,强调应重视电化学新体系的研究 ,以迎接 2 1世纪能源、材料、生命、信息和环境对电化学技术的挑战     

对一部《无机化学》教材的勘误

我们是2002级的化学专业的大学生,在学习无机化学课程中使用的教材是由北京师范大学无机化学教研室等联合编写,高等教育出版社出版的《无机化学》(第4版)教材。该教材为“面向二十一世纪课程教材”,书中配有精美的封面、彩图,添加了一些相关网站的地址,还把一些相关词语译成英文,给人以耳目一新的感觉。但一年学下来,却发现其中的错漏太多,让我们难以理解。现将其中的部分问题及修改意见整理如表1。表1《无机化学》中的部分问题及修改意见页码问题修改意见29图14氢原子光谱与电子跃迁中的光谱部分遗漏谱线,谱线的波长位置也有误。图中缺Hγ…     

中国和21世纪的国际移民研究

在过去四十年中,中国经济的崛起对中国国际移民输入和输出有着重大的转变性的影响,来华国际移民空间特征日益明显,国际移民相关研究也不断丰富。美国−墨西哥边境危机,美国种族人口变化对美国社会的挑战,国际移民向非传统居住地扩展、分散等热点问题,是21世纪以来国际移民研究主要趋势和前沿领域的代表。“一带一路”背景下中国国际移民发展有着光明的前景,“一带一路”倡议给国际移民领域的中国学者提供了难得的机会。在未来的10—20年内,中国的国际移民学者有机会在国际移民数据收集、分析方法、理论创新以及移民政策制定方面做出重要贡献。     

Adhesive microarrays for multipurpose diagnostic tools

We are reporting here a new technology for the straightforward production of integrated microarrays. The approach is based on the use of adhesive supports enabling (i) the immobilization of biomolecules as microarrays (up to 2500 spots per cm(2)) and (ii) the easy assembly of these microarrays with complex 3D structures such as 96-well bottomless microplates or polymer and glass microfluidic networks. The analytical performances of the system were demonstrated for sandwich protein detection (C-reactive protein) and hybridization assays, both in classical 96-well microplate format and microfluidic environment.     

21世纪的绿色食品包装材料——可食性包装材料

介绍了新型绿色环保可食性包装材料的特性,并按其制备来源进行了分类,对其现存问题及发展趋势作了概要阐述。     

Life Cycle Assessment in Polymer Industry Toward the 21st Century

Abstract

Life cycle assessments to protect global environment and to control waste in the polymer industry are reviewed. The focus is on 1) environmentally sound technology, 2) energy conservation, and 3) recycling of industrial products. The competitiveness of a nation depends on how it balances economic development of sustainable growth and responsible care of the global environment in a borderless economy. It fully depends on the development of both environmentally sound manufacturing and effective recycling technologies for the products. Current environmental issues of the Japanese chemical industries as well as Toray's performance and new products development for environment business are reviewed: 1) Energy conservation and technology of the Japanese manufacturing industry, 2) Development of environmentally sound technology, 3) Effective products recycling technologies, and 4) Sustainable growth in the new chemical age. The future issues of life cycle assessment and environmental protection in manufacturing industries are discussed.     

分子反应动力学如何走向21世纪

分子反应动力学领域正在发展之中,还远未进入成熟期。有些课题,如涉及对化学反应性基本理解方面的飞秒化学、立体化学动力学、态一态化学、选模化学以及有关新反应类型方面的团簇化学动力学、自由基反应动力学、气一固表面反应动力学等皆处于它们发展的中间阶段。另外有些课题,如激光控制化学反应,则仅处于初创阶段。它们如何进入21世纪呢?我们建议将来应该研究如下课题:(1)飞秒化学及立体态一态动力学;(2)激光控制化学反应;(3)团簇形成规律、结构及动力学;(4)分子高振动激发态光谱、自由基光谱及动力学;(5)理论研究。本文对上述课题给予简要的讨论。