Global Behaviour of Solutions of Nonlinear Delay Difference Equations*

In this paper global asymptotic stability and asymptotic behaviour of solutions of nonlinear delay difference equations has been studied and a few sets of sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability are derived.     

A General Comparison Result for Higher Order Nonlinear Difference Equations With Deviating Arguments

The authors consider m -th order nonlinear difference equations of the form D m p x n + i h j ( n , x s j ( n ) )=0, j =1,2,( E j ) where m S 1, n ] N 0 ={0,1,2,…}, D 0 p x n = x n , D i p x n = p n i j ( D i m 1 p x n ), i =1,2,…, m , j x n = x n +1 m x n , { p n 1 },…,{ p n m } are real sequences, p n i >0, and p n m L 1. In Eq. ( E 1 ) , p = a and p n i = a n i , and in Eq. ( E 2 ) , p = A and p n i = A n i , i =1,2,…, m . Here, { s j ( n )} are sequences of nonnegative integers with s j ( n ) M X as n M X , and h j : N 0 2 R M R is continuous with uh j ( n , u )>0 for u p 0. They prove a comparison result on the oscillation of solutions and the asymptotic behavior of nonoscillatory solutions of Eq. ( E j ) for j =1,2. Examples illustrating the results are also included.     

On the Behaviour of Solutions of a Class of Third Order Difference Equations

In this paper, the structure of the solution space of y n +3 + ry n +2 + qy n +1 + py n =0, n S 0, is studied, keeping oscillatory/nonoscillatory behaviour of solutions of the equation in view, where p , q and r are constants. Some of these results are generalized partially to hold for y n +3 + r n y n +2 + q n y n +1 + p n y n =0, n S 0, where { p n }, { q n } and { r n } are sequences of real numbers.     

一阶非线性泛函微分方程的周期解

本文研究了一阶非线性泛函微分方程的周期解,得到了周期解存在唯一的一些充分条件,推广和改进了这方面的已有结果。     

非线性时滞差分方程的振动性

考虑非线性时滞差分方程x_{n+1}-x_n+p_nf(x_{n-l_1},x_{n-l_2}x_{n-l_m})=0, n=0,1,2, 获得了方程所有解振动的充分条件, 推广并改进了现有文献中的结果.     

On Periodic Solutions of Second Order Linear Difference Equations

In this paper, we apply a new procedure initially developed in Refs. [H. El-Owaidy and H.Y. Mohamed. "On the periodic solutions for nth order difference equations". Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation , (to appear); "The necessary and sufficient conditions of existence of periodic solutions of nonautonomous difference equations". Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation , (to appear)] to simplify the use of Carvalho's method to the case of discrete difference equations, in order to find the periodic solutions of second order linear difference equations. We can also find the complex periodic solutions.     

Existence of Solutions of Some Degenerate Nonlinear Elliptic Fourth-order Equations with L 1 -data

This article deals with a class of degenerate nonlinear elliptic fourth-order equations with L 1 -right-hand sides. Equations of the given class have divergence form and their coefficients satisfy a strengthened ellipticity condition with two different weights associated, respectively, to the first- and the second-order derivatives of unknown function. Under suitable hypotheses on the weighted functions involved we establish solvability in a Sobolev space of Dirichlet problem for equations under consideration.     

Asymptotic Behavior of a Class of Nonlinear Delay Difference Equations

In this paper, we shall study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of difference equations of the form x n +1 = x n p f ( x n m k 1 , x n m k 2 ,…, x n m k r ), n =0,1,…, where p is a positive constant and k 1 ,…, k r are (fixed) nonnegative integers. In particular, permanence and global attractivity will be discussed.     

Remarks on the Notion of Order of Difference Equations

In the paper, the notion of order of a difference equation is introduced in such a way that this order is invariant with respect to the change of the independent variable. For the general case, a formula for the general solution of linear difference equation of k -th order is given. It is shown that, in contrast to differential equations, the dimension of the linear space of solutions of linear homogenous difference equation can be lowered if their domain of definition is restricted appropriately.     

On the Periodic Character of Some Difference Equations

We consider positive solutions of the following difference equation x n =max A x n m k , B x n m m , n =0,1,…, where A , B are any positive real numbers and k , m are any positive integers. We prove that every positive solution is eventually periodic and determine the period in terms of the parameters A , B , k , and m .     

Exact Solutions to a Finite-difference Model of a Nonlinear Reaction-advection Equation: Implications for Numerical Analysis

This article gives exact solutions to a finite-difference model of a nonlinear reaction-advection equation. We show that this partial difference equation and the corresponding stationary and spatially independent difference equations derived from this model give the best representation of the original partial differential equation. The relevance of this work to the elimination of chaotic behavior in numerical solutions of differential equations is discussed.     

Difference Equations and Divisibility Properties of Sequences

There are many different ways of defining a sequence in terms of solutions to difference equations. In fact, if a sequence satisfies one recurrence then it satisfies an infinite number of recurrences. Arithmetic properties of an integral sequence are often studied by direct methods based on the combinatorial or algebraic definition of the numbers or using their generating function. The rational generating function is the main tool in obtaining various difference equations with coefficients and initial values exhibiting divisibility patterns that can imply particular arithmetic properties of the solutions. In this process, we face the challenging task of finding difference equations that are relevant to the divisibility properties by transforming the original rational generating function. As a matter of fact, it is not necessarily the simple difference equation that helps the most in proving the properties. We illustrate this process on several examples and a sequence involving a p -sected binomial sum of the form y n = y n ( p , a )= ~ k =0 X n kp a k where p is an arbitrary prime. Let 𝜌 p ( m ) denote the exponent of the highest power of a prime p which divides m . Recently, the author obtained lower bounds for 𝜌 p ( y n ) based on recurrence relations of order p and p m 1. The cases with tight bounds have also been characterized. In this paper, we prove that 𝜌 p ( y np ( p , a ))= n for 𝜌 p ( a +1)=1, p S 3. We obtain alternative difference equations of order p 2 for y n and order p for the p -sected sequence y np by a generating function based method. We also extend general divisibility results relying on the arithmetic properties of the coefficients and initial values.     

Nonstandard Finite Difference Schemes for Differential Equations

This paper gives an introduction to nonstandard finite difference methods useful for the construction of discrete models of differential equations when numerical solutions are required. While the general rules for such schemes are not precisely known at the present time, several important criterion have been found. We provide an explanation of their significance and apply them to several model ordinary and partial differential equations. The paper ends with a discussion of several outstanding problems in this area and other related issues.     

On Linear Implicit Non-autonomous Systems of Difference Equations

This paper deals with the solvability of initial-value problems (IVPs) and multipoint boundary-value problems (MPBVPs) for linear implicit non-autonomous systems of difference equations.     

Nonlinear Stochastic Difference Equations Driven by Martingales

Abstract

We provide in this paper a systematic development of nonlinear stochastic difference equations driven by martingales (that depend on a spatial parameter); three such equations are considered. We begin with the existence and uniqueness of solutions and continue with the study of stochastic properties, such as the martingale and Markov properties, along with ? irreducibility and recurrence. We discuss in the final section the discrete-time flow and asymptotic flow properties of the solution process.     

Difference Equations for the Masses of Leptons and Quarks in TeV Quantum Gravity

It is shown here that a 3 2 4 lattice in the wall for TeV quantum gravity with n =2 extra small-scale spatial dimensions can account for the fermion masses in a strikingly accurate manner. The family index, the electromagnetic charge number coupling, and the Yukawa coupling for lepton and quark mass generation in the minimal Standard Model (with a single Higgs) are related here to t' Hooft discreteness in the wall. Discrete values for the two transverse spatial distances in the wall are viewed as geometrical correspondents of the family index and the electromagnetic charge number coupling. The mass spectrum of Dirac leptons and quarks can then be understood as a manifestation of a Yukawa coupling that depends on the transverse wall coordinates. Linear homogeneous difference equations are considered to govern the Yukawa coupling or, more appropriately, the Yukawa field on the wall lattice. The solution to the latter difference equations yields experimentally consistent pole mass values for all twelve leptons and quarks. With the Yukawa field extending through the bulk, mass elevation for the second and third families features the torus radii ratio R 2 / R 1 =41/10.     

On the Solutions of the Coupled Nonlinear Parabolic Equations

By means of the fixed point technique and integral estimation method, we study the solutions of periodic boundary value problem and initial value problem for the coupled nonlinear parabolic equations. The global classical solutions of the mentioned problems are shown to exists.     

非线性微分方程正解的不存在性

本文研究了非线性微分方程正解不存在性     

On the Existence of Periodic Solutions of Nonlinear Difference Equations

We obtain new sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an N-periodic solution (N is a positive integer) of a nonlinear difference equation with continuous argument of the form x(t + 1) = f(x(t)) and investigate the properties of this solution.