Synthesis of 3- and 4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-s-triazolo[2,3-a] pyrimid-7-one,isomers of inosine containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom

The first synthesis of a purine nucleoside analog containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom is here reported. The direct glycosylation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of s-triazolo[2,3-a] pyrimid-7-one has been shown to give 3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-s-triazolo[2,3-a]pyrimid-7-one (V) and 4-(β-D-ribof'uranosyl)-s-lriazolo[2,3-α]pyrimid-7-one (VII). The nueleoside V may he considered a close analog of inosine in which the nitrogen N₁ and C₅ of inosine have been interchanged. Bro-minalion of the tri-O-acelyl derivative IV gave, after deblocking, 6-bromo-3-(β-D-ribofurnaosyl)-s-triazolo[2,3-a] pyrimid-7-one (IX). Structural assignments of the nucleosides were made on the basis of comparison of the ultraviolet absorption spectral characteristics with 3-methyl-s-triazolo-[2,3-a]pyrimid-7-one (XI) and 4-methyl-s-lriazolo[2,3-a Jpyrimid-7-one (XII) prepared by a standard procedure from 7-methoxy-s-triazolo(2,3-a] pyrimidine (X).     

1/Z perturbation theory for calculation of line strengths in the neon isoelectronic sequence

The line strengths of 2–2 and 3–3 transitions (2s²2p⁵3s–2s²2p⁵3p–2s²2p⁵3d, 2s2s2p⁶3s–2s2p⁶3p-2s2p⁶3d, 2s²2p⁵3l-2s2p⁶3l) have been calculated for the Ne isoelectronic sequence (Z = 14 ÷ 100). The calculation has been carried out in intermediate coupling. Relativistic corrections have been included through the Breit operator. Perturbation theory in 1/Z has been used to account for electronic interactions.     

1,2,4-Triazines. Synthesis of selected members of the s-triazolo[3,4-f]- [1,2,4] triazine and tetrazolo[1,5-f] [1,2,4] triazine ring systems

A convenient synthesis of 3-amino-6-hydrazino-5(2H)[1,2,4]triazinone 4 has been developed and a study of the reactions of 4 with aliphatic acids, orthoesters and miscellaneous active carbonyl reagents has been undertaken. When 4 was refluxed in either neat acid or orthoester in dimethylformamide, a facile ring closure reaction with the N-1 nitrogen of the 1,2,4-triazine ring occurs affording a novel series of 3-aIkyl(aryl)-8(5H)-s-triazolo[3,4-f] [1,2,4]triazinones ( 6–11 ). Ring closure with carbon disulfide and cyanogen bromide is also reported affording 6-amino-3(2H)thio-8(5H)-s-triazolo[3,4-f] [1,2,4]triazinone 12 and 3,6-diamino-8(5H)-s-triazolo-[3,4-f] [1,2,4]triazinone 14 , respectively. In addition 4 has been converted into 3-amino-6-azido-5(2H)-1,2,4-triazinone 15 which was employed in a study of azide-tetrazole equilibrium affording 6-amino-8(5H)tetrazolo[1,5-f][1,2,4]triazinone 16 . Rates for interconversion at various temperatures were measured and an activation energy for the process determined.     

Carbon-13 NMR investigation of the structure of hydroxy-azoloazines with a bridgehead nitrogen

Carbon-13 nmr data has been obtained on four hydroxy-azoloazines containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom, on the corresponding methoxide derivatives, and on selected anionic and cationic derivatives. These results have been interpreted in terms of the site of protonation of the parent hydroxy-compounds. A comparison of the anionic derivatives with those of the parent compounds demonstrate that the neutral parent hydroxy-species exist predominately in the “hydroxy form” rather than as the ionized species. The chemical shift data also provides information on the conformation of the hydroxy- and methoxy-groups in 8-hydroxy-6-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-6]-pyridazine and 8-rnethoxy-6-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-6]pyridazine.     

s-Triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazines and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazines

8-Amino-s-triazolo[4, 3-b]pyridazine (I), an adenine analog has been prepared by two different routes. Likewise 8-amino-3-phenyl-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (V) has been prepared. Both of these compounds have been prepared utilizing 3,4,5-trichloropyridazine and 3,4,6-trichloropyridazine as the starting materials thus interrelating the 3,4,5-and the 3,4,6-series. A variety of other transformations have been carried out.     

Molecular orbital theory of electron donor-acceptor complexes

A Gaussian basis set consisting of 12s-type, 6p-type and 4d-type functions has been optimized for the third row atoms, together with a 9s, 5p, 3d set for the corresponding dipositive ion. The applicability of these atomic sets for molecular calculation is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Basissatz von 12s-, 6p- und 4d-Funktionen für die Atome der dritten Reihe des periodischen Systems ist optimalisiert worden; das gleiche gilt für einen entsprechenden Satz für die zweifach positiven Ionen aus 9s-, 5p- und 3d-Funktionen. Ferner wird ihre Anwendbarkeit bei Rechnungen an Molekülen diskutiert.

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Résumé On présente un ensemble optimal de fonctions de base gaussiennes pour les atomes et les ions de la troisième ligne. Cet ensemble est constitué de 12 fonctions du type s, 6 fonctions du type p et 4 fonctions du type d pour l'atome neutre et de 9 fonctions s, 5 fonctions p et 3 fonctions d pour l'ion M²⁺. On discute l'emploi de ces bases pour des calculs moléculaires.

     

Systèmes aromatiques à 10 électrons π dérivés de l'aza-3a penlalène. VIII. Recherches dans la série du pyrazolo[3,2-c]-s-triazole

It has been shown that the reaction of β-ketoesters with 1,2-diamino-1,3,4-triazoles affords pyrazolo[3,2-c]-s-triazoles. These results induces us to propose a 7,8-dihydro-9H-s-triazolo[4,3–6]-[1,2,4] triazepin-8-one structure for the intermediate in this synthesis.     

Self-consistent calculation of 1s2s1S state wave function of helium

A simple self consistent variation perturbation method in the coupled Hartree–Fock scheme has been proposed to calculate 1s2s ¹S state of the He atom. The present paper deals with an 1s2s ¹S wave function in which all the relevant orthogonality conditions are imposed in successive stages. The resulting wave functions together with some interesting features are discussed.     

Novel and Efficient Solid‐State Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐6‐Aryl‐s‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine Derivatives

A novel and efficient solid‐state synthesis of s‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine derivatives has been reported. Twelve 3‐alkyl‐6‐aryl‐s‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine derivatives have been synthesized in excellent yields with short reaction time.     

Anion-lnduced Fluorescence Quenching of a New Zwitterionic Biacridine Derivative

The effect of halides and different buffer anions on the quenching of the fluorescence of the new probe 10,10′-bis(3-sulfopropyl)-9,9′-biacridine (SPBA) has been studied using fluorescence and decay time measurements. The linearity of the Stern-Volmer plot indicates that fluorescence quenching by halides can be described reasonably well by a single-exponential decay with a K of 4.06 times 10⁶M^-1s^-1for chloride, 7.83 times 10⁶M^-1s^-1for bromide and 1.12 times 10⁷M^-1s^-1for iodide. We have found that SPBA is collisionally quenched also by the buffers 3-(N-mor-pholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and N-2-hydroxy-ethylpiperazine-N′-ethansulfonic acid (HEPES). The bi-molecular rate constants are 1.67 × 10⁶M^-ls^-1for HEPES and 1.44 times 10⁶M^-1s^-1for MOPS.     

s-Triazines. I. Linear,sulfur bridged-s-triazine oligomers

A number of new thioether and disulfide oligomers of s-triazine have been prepared and identified. The reactions between 2,4-diphenyl-s-triazine-6-thiol and chloro substituted-s-triazines are described. A suggested mechanism for the formation of 2,2′-thiobis-(4,6-diphenyl-s-triazine) from 2,4-diphenyl-s-triazine-6-thiol is discussed.     

A theoretical investigation of the singly excited two-electron atomic states 1s2s3S and 1s3s3S

The singly-excited two-electron states 1s2s ³S and ls3s ³S have been investigated by means of the variational perturbation theory procedure. The wave functions have been constructed as linear combinations of Hylleraas terms with hyperbolic factors in t, and the results obtained by carrying the computations through to 10th perturbation order and with 36(37)- 57(58)- and 85(86)-term basic sets, respectively, are reported. These results compare favourably with the corresponding best values from previous conventional variational calculations.     

Compact basis sets for LCAO-LSD calculations. Part I: Method and bases for Sc to Zn

A method for preparing compact orbital and auxiliary basis sets for LCAO-LSD calculations has been developed. The method has been applied to construct basis sets for first row transition metal atoms from Sc to Zn for the 3d^n?14s¹ and 3d^n?24s² configurations. The properties of different expansion patterns have been tested in atomic calculations for the chromium atom.     

1,2,4-Triazoles. XX. Pyrolytic decomposition of ketone hydrazones derived from pyrid-2-ylhydrazine and related bases. Some further examples of the s-triazolo[4, 3-α]pyrazine and s-triazolo[4, 3-a]quinoxaline series

Pyrolytic decomposition of ketone 2-heterylhydrazones has been shown to be unsatisfactory for the preparation of fused s-triazole derivatives. The introduction of more diversified substituents into the s-triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrazine and s-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline systems has been accomplished and some reactions and spectral characteristics of these ring systems are reported. Isomerization of the s-triazolo[4, 3-a]pyrazine system to the s-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine system is described.     

QSAR analysis of 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,8-naphthyridines exhibiting anticancer activity by optimal SMILES-based descriptors

A predictive model of the anticarcinogenic activity of a 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,8-naphthyridines series has been built, with statistical quality: n = 75, r ² = 0.7688, s = 0.48, F = 243 (training set); n = 25, r ² = 0.8025, s = 0,49, F = 93 (test set). The robustness of this model has been tested in three random splits into training set and test set. Correlation weights (the analogue of the contributions of substituents) of molecular attributes expressed by symbols in the simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) notation are able to serve as informative indicators in the search for new anticancer agents.     

New initiator system for the anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylates in toluene. IV. Random copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in toluene initiated by s-BuLi ligated by lithium silanolates

Copolymerization of binary mixtures of alkyl (meth)acrylates has been initiated in toluene by a mixed complex of lithium silanolate  (s-BuMe₂SiOLi) and s-BuLi (molar ratio > 21) formed in situ by reaction of s-BuLi with hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D₃). Fully acrylate and methacrylate copolymers, i.e., poly(methyl acrylate-co-n-butyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl methacrylate), poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl methacrylate), poly(isobornyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl methacrylate) of a rather narrow molecular weight distribution have been synthesized. However, copolymerization of alkyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate pairs has completely failed, leading to the selective formation of homopoly(acrylate). As result of the isotactic stereoregulation of the alkyl methacrylate polymerization by the s-BuLi/s-BuMe₂SiOLi initiator, highly isotactic random and block copolymers of (alkyl) methacrylates have been prepared and their thermal behavior analyzed. The structure of isotactic poly(ethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) copolymers has been analyzed in more detail by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2525–2535, 1999     

Gaussian basis set for molecular wavefunctions containing second-row atoms

A Gaussian basis set consisting of 12s-type and 9p-type functions has been optimized for the second-row atoms. Energy values are also reported for different contractions of this basis set.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Basissatz von 12s- und 9p-Gaußfunktionen für die Atome der zweiten Periode optimiert. Für verschiedene Kontraktionen dieser Basis werden die Energiewerte angegeben.

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Résumé On presente un ensemble optimal de fonctions de base gaussiennes pour les atomes de la seconde ligne. Cet ensemble comprend 12 fonctions du type s et 9 fonctions du type p. On etudie egalement l'effet de differentes contractions de cet ensemble sur l'energie totale.

     

Stereocontrol in the cationic polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole

The dependence of the steric microstructure of cationically polymerized poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) upon catalyst, polymerization temperature, and polymerization solvent has been investigated. The effect of polymerization temperature variation was found to be small, whereas the choice of catalyst and polymerization solvent was found to have a strong influence upon the PVK steric microstructure. A correlation was found between the syndiotacticities X_s and the π^* solvent polarities of the polymerization solvents for a given catalyst. A decrease in X_s with increasing π^* solvent polarity was observed using BF₃OEt₂ and AlEt₂Cl catalysts and has been interpreted in terms of propagation via contact ion-pair ring structures reversibly formed between the active end group and a preceding repeating unit. The increase in X_s with increasing π^* solvent polarity observed with several of the catalysts investigated has been interpreted in terms of chain ion pairs whose separation increases with increasing π^* solvent polarity. The influence of the various Lewis acid catalysts upon the steric microstructures of cationically polymerized PVK allowed the following order of nucleophilicity to be established: