Interaction of a Magnetic Vortex with Magnetic Anisotropy Nonuniformity

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The problem of propagation of a magnetic inhomogeneity in the form of a magnetic vortex near a defect simulated by a crystallite with uniaxial...     

Magnetic Electron Drift Vortex Modes in General Equilibria

The equation and dispersion relation describing the magnetic electron drift vortex mode in a generalized equilibrium are presented. The results are useful for investigating related surface wave problems as well as for identifying the various forms of the magnetic electron drift vortex mode.     

Letter: Behavior of Magnetic Tubes in Neutron Star's Interior

It is found from Maxwell's equations that the magnetic field lines are good analogues of relativistic strings. It is shown that the superconducting current in the neutron star's interior causes local rotation of magnetic flux tubes carrying quantized flux.     

Vortex Dynamics of Rotating Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates in Synthetic Magnetic Field

In the framework of time-dependent two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we investigate the dynamics of vortex formation in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in synthetic magnetic field (SMF) and compare with rotating frame (RF) method. The formation of vortices are calculated, considering effects of the rotational frequency, dipole strength, tilting angle and trap ratio. The results we found are that in SMF, the formation of steady state vortices is much slower than that in RF, and it is more difficult to add large angular momentum to the condensates than to do so in RF.     

Astrophysics and Cosmology

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology.Using data from previous editions,plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers,we list,evaluate,and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson,leptons,quarks,mesons,and baryons.We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles,heavy bosons,axions,dark photons,etc.All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables.We also give numerous tables,figures,formulae,and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics,Supersymmetry,Grand Unified Theories,Neutrino Mixing,Dark Energy,Dark Matter,Cosmology,Particle Detectors,Colliders,Probability and Statistics.Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised,including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation.     

Few-Body Reactions in Nuclear Astrophysics

Nuclear reactions involving light nuclei require few-body models to describe the nuclear structure and the reaction mechanism. The production rates for the α+n+n → ⁶ He+γ and α+n+n+n → ⁶ He+n processes are discussed. Typically only very low relative energies are relevant. For environments with a high density, processes involving more particles could dominate. The use of the adiabatic approach as a method to compute cross sections at very low energies is proposed.     

Rotating Electrically Charged Ideal Liquid with Magnetic and Vortex Gravitational Fields in General Relativity

Russian Physics Journal - Stationary configuration of a rotating electrically charged ideal fluid with self-gravitation is considered within the framework of general relativity. Barotropic equation...     

Magnetic Field Gain in Vortex Pinning at Fractal Interfaces of Clusters of High-Temperature Superconductors

Technical Physics - The effect of the fractality of the cluster interfaces in the normal phase of a copper-oxide high-temperature superconductor YBCO on the magnetic creep has been studied. The...     

Magnetic Vortex Filaments, Universal Scale Invariants, and the Fundamental Constants

An explanation for the observed scale invariants in the universe is presented. Force-free magnetic vortex filaments are proposed to play a crucial role in the formation of superclusters, clusters, galaxies, and stars by initiating gravitational compression. The critical velocities involved in vortex formation are shown to explain the observed constant orbital velocities of clusters, galaxies, and stars. A second scale invariant nr = C where n is particle density and r is average distance between objects, is also noted here and explained by our model. The model predicts a maximum size for magnetic vortices, which is comparable to the dimensions of the observable universe and a density for such vortices which is close to that actually observed, eliminating any theoretical need for missing mass. On this basis, we present an alternative cosmology to that of the "Big Bang," one which provides a much better fit to recent observations of large-scale structure and motion. The model suggests scale invariants between microscopic and cosmological scales, leading to the derivation of a simple analytical expression for the fundamental constants G, mp/me, and e2/hc. We conclude that these expressions indicate the existence of vortex phenomena on the particle level.     

Double Layers and Circuits in Astrophysics

As the rate of energy release in a double layer with voltage ?V is P ? I?V, a double layer must be treated as a part of a circuit which delivers the current I. As neither double layer nor circuit can be derived from magnetofluid models of a plasma, such models are useless for treating energy transfer by means of double layers. They must be replaced by particle models and circuit theory. A simple circuit is suggested which is applied to the energizing of auroral particles, to solar flares, and to intergalactic double radio sources. Application to the heliospheric current systems leads to the prediction of two double layers on the sun's axis which may give radiations detectable from Earth. Double layers in space should be classified as a new type of celestial object (one example is the double radio sources). It is tentatively suggested that X-ray and ?-ray bursts may be due to exploding double layers (although annihilation is an alternative energy source). A study of how a number of the most used textbooks in astrophysics treat important concepts such as double layers, critical velocity, pinch effects, and circuits is made. It is found that students using these textbooks remain essentially ignorant of even the existence of these concepts, despite the fact that some of them have been well known for half a century (e.g., double layers, Langmuir, 1929; pinch effect, Bennet, 1934).     

Few-Body Problems in Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics

The 3α-reaction is one of the key reactions in nuclear astrophysics. Since it is a three-body reaction direct measurement is impossible, and therefore the reaction rate must be estimated theoretically. In this contribution I will discuss uncertainties in this reaction rate both at very low temperatures, temperatures typical for Helium burning in red giant stars, and for very high temperatures.     

Astrophysics and underground physics

Summary High-energy astrophysics is critically discussed, covering supernova explosions, single and binary neutron stars and active galactic nuclei as well as some acceleration mechanisms like homopolar induction (in a rotating magnetized conductor), radial boosting by strong magnetic waves, electric discharges in clumped accretion flows and the grindstone effect of plasma falling on a rotating magnet. It is not clear whether the highest particle energies in the Galaxy are achieved in single-step or in coherent multiple-step accelerations.

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Riassunto Si discute criticamente l'astrofisica delle alte energie, includendo le esplosioni di supernovae, le stelle di neutroni singole e binarie e i nuclei galattici attivi oltre ad alcuni meccanismi di accelerazione come l'induzione omopolare (in un conduttore magnetizzato ruotante), boosting radiale mediante onde elettromagnetiche forti, scariche elettriche di flussi di accrescimento raggruppato e l'effetto a mola del plasma in caduta su un magnete ruotante. Non è chiaro se le energie piú alte delle particelle nella Galassia si raggiungono in accelerazioni ad un singolo passo o a molti passi coerenti.

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Резюме Критически обсуждаются вопросы астрофизики высоких энергий, включающие: взрывы сверхновых, отдельные и бинарные нейтронные звезды, ядра активных галактик, а также механизмы ускорения, подобные гомополярной индукции (при вращении намагниченного проводника), радиальное усиление благодаря сильным магнитным волнам, электрические разряды в аккретирующих потоках и эффекты ?точильного камня? в плазме, падающей на вращающийся магнит. Отмечается, что не ясно, как возникают в Галактике частицы сверхвысоких энергий: за счет одноступенчатого механизма ускорения или в результате когерентных многостуненчатых ускорений.

     

Visualization of Dynamic Vortex Structures in Magnetic Films with Uniaxial Anisotropy (Micromagnetic Simulation)

Three-dimensional computer simulation of dynamic processes in a moving domain boundary separating domains in a soft magnetic uniaxial film with planar anisotropy is performed by numerical solution of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations. The developed visualization methods are used to establish the connection between the motion of surface vortices and antivortices, singular (Bloch) points, and core lines of intrafilm vortex structures. A relation between the character of magnetization dynamics and the film thickness is found. The analytical models of spatial vortex structures for imitation of topological properties of the structures observed in micromagnetic simulation are constructed.     

Asymptotic Normalization Constants in Nuclear Astrophysics

The indirect method of determining astrophysical nuclear reaction rates is discussed. The overall normalization of the astrophysical S-factor for such reactions may be determined from one quantity, the asymptotic normalization coefficient of the overlap function of the bound state wave functions for the initial and final channels. These coefficients can be found also from peripheral transfer reactions whose amplitudes are determined by the same overlap function as the amplitudes of the corresponding astrophysical radiative capture processes. The experimental test of this approach and the last results of S₁₇ measurements are presented.     

Few-body Decay and Recombination in Nuclear Astrophysics

Three-body continuum problems are investigated for light nuclei of astrophysical relevance. We focus on three-body decays of resonances or recombination via resonances or the continuum background. The concepts of widths, decay mechanisms and dynamic evolution are discussed. We also discuss results for the triple ?? decay in connection with 2⁺ resonances and density and temperature dependence rates of recombination into light nuclei from ??-particles and neutrons.     

邮票上的物理学史(67)--天体物理学:星云和星系

比恒星更高的天体层次是星系.我们怎么知道有星系这个层次存在呢?我们自己属于哪个星系?     

Technological Possibilities of Realization of Sealed Accelerator Tubes Based on Diodes with Magnetic Isolation

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Two technological schemes are considered, as well as the possibilities of their implementation for the manufacture of sealed accelerator tubes based on diodes with...     

Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Beams

Radioactive beams, either at low or high energy, can be very useful for understanding violent events which are encountered in nuclear astrophysics.