提拉法制备铜单晶研究

采用提拉法生长出大尺寸(111)铜单晶,晶体尺寸为ф(12～19)mm×85 mm.通过XRD、金相显微分析讨论了铜单晶的晶体结构与生长缺陷,并采用双臂电桥测定(111)铜单晶的电阻率.结果表明:晶体具有(111)取向、强度高,表明晶体取向良好;蚀坑呈典型三角锥形,位错密度在105～106 cm-2之间;在室温下,(111)铜单晶电阻率为1.289×10-8Ω·m.     

ZnGeP2晶体的合成与生长

采用双温区法合成ZnGeP2多晶料;采用布里奇曼法生长ZnGeP2单晶,晶体尺寸为22×90 mm2.晶体透光范围0.7～12.0 μm,平均透过率达到56;;OPO光参量震荡器件尺寸6×6×15 mm3,采用2 μm的泵浦光,产生4 W以上的3.8～4.5 μm激光输出.     

高质量Yb3+∶CS-FAP激光晶体的生长

本文进行了Yb3+∶FAP与Yb3+∶YAG的对比分析,指出了在激光核聚变领域中Yb3+∶FAP是很有希望的增益介质,针对Yb3+∶FAP吸收光谱宽度很小(4nm)对泵浦源要求苛刻,采用Yb3+∶CS-FAP即以部分Sr2+代替Ca2+造成Yb3+周围环境多样性增加、增加谱宽.参考分析了Ca3(PO4)2-CaF2体系的相图,推测出生长CS-FAP晶体的配料区间,给出了生长晶体的原料制备方法,采用氮气流动、白宝石片封闭保温罩的观察孔和观察窗上贴石英片相结合有效地缓解了在晶体生长过程中组分挥发、开裂、以及氟化物腐蚀窗口等一系列问题.生长工艺参数为:提拉速度1～3mm/h,旋转速度10～20r/min,在流量为20ml/min的流动N2中生长,采用尺寸为60×40mm的Ir坩埚进行生长,线圈尺寸为内径130mm×130mm×8圈,外径155mm×95mm×6圈.得到了尺寸为10mm×20mm的高质量晶体.用X射线粉末衍射分析证明所生长的晶体结构正确.     

AgGaS2晶体生长裂纹研究

从理论和实验上对AgGaS2晶体生长中易产生裂纹甚至开裂的现象与其热应力、晶体尺寸以及温度梯度、生长速率等生长参数之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:晶体产生裂纹甚至开裂与生长速率、坩埚旋转速率、冷却速率所造成的热应力和热应变有关.采用改进的Bridgman法成功地生长出尺寸为φ12mm×30mm无裂纹的AgGaS2单晶体,给出了制备无裂纹、大尺寸AgGaS2晶体的较佳生长工艺参数.     

NaBi（WO4）2晶体生长工艺研究

采用提拉法(Cz法)生长了45×40mm大尺寸钨酸铋钠(NaBi(WO4)2,简称NBW)晶体,探讨了工艺参数和晶体开裂间的关系,并根据Brice模型,讨论了晶体中的热应力、热应变和晶体尺寸、温度梯度、提拉速度、晶体转速之间的关系,设计了生长NBW的最佳工艺条件液面上下10mm内温差为0.8℃/mm,拉速2～4mm/h,转速12～18r/min,冷却速率25℃/h.     

Nd:NaY(WO4)2晶体生长与开裂研究

本论文采用提拉法(CZ)生长了尺寸为φ15mm×20mm的Nd:NaY(WO4)2晶体,并从理论上讨论了温度梯度、提拉速度、晶体转速和晶体尺寸等工艺参数以及热应变等因素对晶体开裂的影响,给出了生长Nd:NaY(WO4)2晶体的最佳工艺参数.     

高品质ZnGeP2晶体光参量振荡元件及应用

在高纯ZnGeP2多晶批量合成基础上,采用垂直布里奇曼法生长出尺寸φ(40～50) mm× 140 mm的高品质单晶.切割出多种6mm×6mm×(16～30) mm规格的晶体元件,元件o偏振光2.05 μm吸收系数为0.01～0.03cm-1,通过光参量振荡技术实现中波(3～5μm)40W和远波(8～10 μmn)3W的激光输出.     

影响生长大尺寸和高质量β-BBO晶体的因素

本文讨论顶部籽晶法各种生长条件对大尺寸、高质量β-BaB2O4晶体的影响,诸如助熔剂、温度梯度、晶体转速、降温速率、籽晶方向等晶体生长工艺参数.采用NaF作为助熔剂、[001]向的定向籽晶、接近液面温度梯度为3～8℃/cm、5～20r/min的转速、0.05～0.1℃/h降温速率的生长工艺,使用直径为100mm的铂坩埚,成功地生长出100mm×40mm、光学均匀性为4.326×10-6的大尺寸高质量的β-BBO晶体.     

大尺寸ZnGeP2晶体生长与中红外光参量振荡

采用垂直布里奇曼方法生长了ZnGeP2单晶体,晶体毛坯尺寸达φ30 mm×120mm.晶体在2.05μm吸收系数0.05cm-1,3～8 μm吸收系数0.01cm-1,光损伤阈值2.0±0.3 J/ cm2.利用2.05μm Tm,Ho:CdVO4激光器为泵浦源,脉冲重复频率10 kHz.当泵浦功率16.3 W时,3～5μm光参最振荡输出8.7 W,光-光转换效率为53;,斜率效率为64;.     

中红外激光晶体Dy:PbGa2S4的生长与器件制备

镝掺杂硫镓铅(Dy:PbGa2S4,Dy:PGS)晶体是一种性能优良、具有潜在应用价值的中红外激光介质材料.为推动该晶体的实用化研究,迫切需要制备出大尺寸高品质Dy:PGS单晶.本研究采用自制的双温区管式炉成功合成Dy:PbGa2S4多晶,单次合成量达到230 g;首次采用竖直梯度冷凝法制备该晶体并成功生长出大尺寸高质量Dy:PbGa2S4单晶,尺寸达到φ27 mm×100 mm;通过切割和抛光等处理工艺,成功加工出Dy:PbGa2S4晶体器件,为下一步的激光应用研究打下了坚实基础.     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.