KM Matrix Parametrizatidn Convenient for Both Bd Study and Data Analysis

The value of the ε parameter of a pseudoscalar mixing system is phase-conventiondependent. We prove that one can make two of the three ε parameters, ε_K, ε_Bd and ε_Bd, small but not all of them simultaneously by adjusting the phase convention of the Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) matrix. We give corresponding KM matrices based on the Wolfenstein parametrization, which are also suitable for ahalyzing the values of KM parameters. The transformation from one matrix to the other is extremely simple.     

Are theB^0 - \bar B^0 mixings consistent with the KM standard theory?

We study the \(B_{d(s)}^0 - \bar B_{d(s)}^0 \) mixing in the KM standard theory by use of the formula insensitive to the ambiguous parameters, and compare the theoretical prediction with the experimental results by ARGUS, UA 1 and MARK II. We find that these experimental bounds endanger the KM standard theory with three generations although these bounds do not exclude it completely. It is remarked that the four generation scheme is well consistent with the experimental data.     

昆明小鼠常见体液与组织代谢组NMR分析

昆明小鼠是我国特有且广泛使用的模式动物. 利用核磁共振(NMR)技术对昆明小鼠血液、尿液和肝脏等组织中的代谢物进行了较为系统的研究. 通过对昆明小鼠体液和组织中代表性的¹H NMR谱图,并结合COSY(Correlation Spectroscopy),TOCSY(Total Correlation Spectroscopy),J-Res(J-Resolved Spectroscopy),HSQC(Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence),HMBC(Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Coherence)等2D NMR谱图进行分析,共解析出82种小分子代谢物,其中尿液中约有46种,血样中约有32种,肝脏提取物中约有43种,肾脏皮质提取物中约有39种,部分代谢物在不同样品均存在. 这为进一步利用昆明小鼠为动物模型的研究提供了基础信息.     

Unitarity boomerangs of quark and lepton mixing matrices

The most popular way to present mixing matrices of quarks (CKM) and leptons (PMNS) is the parametrization with three mixing angles and one CP-violating phase. There are two major options in this kind of parametrizations, one is the original Kobayashi–Maskawa (KM) matrix, and the other is the Chau–Keung (CK) matrix. In a new proposal by Frampton and He, a unitarity boomerang is introduced to combine two unitarity triangles, and this new presentation displays all four independent parameters of the KM parametrization in the quark sector simultaneously. In this Letter, we study the relations between KM and CK parametrizations, and also consider the quark–lepton complementarity (QLC) in the KM parametrization. The unitarity boomerang is discussed in the situation of the CK parametrization for comparison with that in the KM parametrization in the quark sector. Then we extend the idea of unitarity boomerang to the lepton sector, and check the corresponding unitarity boomerangs in the two cases of parametrizations.     

On the characterization of vector rogue waves in two-dimensional two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with distributed coefficients

We construct vector rogue wave solutions of the two-dimensional two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with distributed coefficients, namely diffraction, nonlinearity and gain parameters through similarity transformation technique. We transform the two-dimensional two coupled variable coefficients nonlinear Schrödinger equations into Manakov equation with a constraint that connects diffraction and gain parameters with nonlinearity parameter. We investigate the characteristics of the constructed vector rogue wave solutions with four different forms of diffraction parameters. We report some interesting patterns that occur in the rogue wave structures. Further, we construct vector dark rogue wave solutions of the two-dimensional two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with distributed coefficients and report some novel characteristics that we observe in the vector dark rogue wave solutions.     

The Significance of the Δkl Parameters in the Vibration-Rotational Energies of Diatomic Molecules

We discuss the physical significance of the parameters Δ_kl that arise from mostly the adiabatic and nonadiabatic effects in the vibration-rotational energles of diatomic molecules for which data from isotopic variants are available. Examples are given of the use c f these parameters to derive radial functions for HC1 and LiH. Similar to those for the U_kl coefficients, relations among the Δ_kl coefficients have been developed, but caution is urged in their use.     

Spectral Properties of Effective Dynamics from Conditional Expectations

The reduction of high-dimensional systems to effective models on a smaller set of variables is an essential task in many areas of science. For stochastic dynamics governed by diffusion processes, a general procedure to find effective equations is the conditioning approach. In this paper, we are interested in the spectrum of the generator of the resulting effective dynamics, and how it compares to the spectrum of the full generator. We prove a new relative error bound in terms of the eigenfunction approximation error for reversible systems. We also present numerical examples indicating that, if Kramers–Moyal (KM) type approximations are used to compute the spectrum of the reduced generator, it seems largely insensitive to the time window used for the KM estimators. We analyze the implications of these observations for systems driven by underdamped Langevin dynamics, and show how meaningful effective dynamics can be defined in this setting.     

Application of an extended ESFT method to calculation of solar heating rates by water vapor absorption

A new method for the exponential-sum fitting of transmissions (ESFT) is developed. We determine a set of equivalent absorption coefficients by a successive correction technique with a set of weights preselected empirically or absorptions coefficients by a successive correction technique with a set of applied to transmission functions of water vapor bands in the near i.r. region deduced from the AFGL absorption-line parameters. Numerical values of the ESFT parameters are presented for each of the water vapor bands and for the one-band parameterization for total absorption. Solar radiative heating rates computed from the present ESFT parameters are compared with those in the literature, as well as with the exact values of Chou [J. Chim. Appl. Met. 25, 1532 (1986)]. The accuracy and utility of our method are demonstrated.     

Multiple regression equations for fractional concentrations of atmospheric aerosol and spectral extinction coefficients

We have studied the sensitivity of the coupling coefficients between the spectral extinction coefficients β(λ) and the fractional aerosol concentrations to microstructural variations in the aerosol. We have calculated and analyzed the spectral dependences of the correlation coefficients between the indicated characteristics. We have obtained the multiple regression equations for the fractional concentrations of background atmospheric aerosol and the spectral extinction coefficients at wavelengths of λ = 0.350 μm, 0.532 μm, and 1.060 μm with a large spread in the microphysical characteristics of the aerosol, allowing us to determine its fractional composition with accuracy that is satisfactory for many practical requirements, without using additional measurements of the microstructural parameters or taking into account their spatial variations. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 807–812, November–December, 2006.     

Modified Black Hole Thermodynamics with Generalized Uncertainty Principle

In this paper we propose a way of determining the subleading corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy by considering a modified generalized uncertainty principle with two parameters. In the context of modified generalized uncertainty principle, coefficients of the correction terms of black hole entropy are written in terms of combination of the parameters. We also obtained the corrections to the Stefan-Boltzman law and the black hole evaporation in terms of the parameters. By estimating those parameters, say by experiment, one can test results from other context of quantum gravity theories such as black hole entropy.     

Noninvasive optical method for determining the scattering coefficients and the specific volume of blood in biological tissue <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis>

We propose a method for determining the scattering coefficients of biological tissue and changes in the relative volume of blood. The method is based on the difference of the parameters of optical radiation that has passed through a biological tissue and the radiation scattered by it in the opposite direction. The obtained correlations between the ratio of the scattered light modulation coefficients at two wavelengths and the biotissue parameters permits determination of the tissue characteristics directly in the living organism. The scattering coefficients at different wavelengths and the values of the relative volume of blood for different anatomical zones and its changes during physiological loads have been calculated.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 119–123, January–February, 2005.     

Multispectral analysis of bone lesions in the hands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Quantitative measures of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease progression can provide valuable tools for evaluation of new treatments during clinical trials. In this study, a novel multispectral (MS) MRI analysis method is presented to quantify changes in bone lesion volume (DeltaBLV) in the hands of RA patients. Image registration and MS analysis were employed to identify MS tissue class transitions between two serial MRI exams. DeltaBLV was determined from MS class transitions between two time points. The following three classifiers were investigated: (a) multivariate Gaussian (MVG), (b) k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and (c) K-means (KM). Unlike supervised classifiers (MVG, k-NN), KM, an unsupervised classifier, does not require labeled training data, resulting in potentially greater clinical utility. All MS estimates of DeltaBLV were linearly correlated (r(p)) with manual estimates. KM and k-NN estimates also exhibited a significant rank-order correlation (r(s)) with manual estimates. For KM, r(p) = 0.94 p < 0.0001, r(s) = 0.76 p = 0.002; for k-NN, r(p) = 0.86 p = 0.0001, r(s) = 0.69 p = 0.009; and for MVG, r(p) = 0.84 p = 0.0003, r(s) = 0.49 p = 0.09. Temporal classification rates were as follows: for KM, 90.1%; for MVG, 89.5%; and for k-NN, 86.7%. KM matched the performance of k-NN, offering strong potential for use in multicenter clinical trials. This study demonstrates that MS tissue class transitions provide a quantitative measure of DeltaBLV.     

Possibility of a Symmetric Weak Mixing and its Implications

A general parametrization of the symmetric KM matrix is given.The unitarity triangle is discussed,which embodies the unitarity of the symmetric KM matrix and CP violation.It is shown that the symmetric KM matrix is consistent with the directly measured values of the KM matrix elements,CP violation parameter │ε│ of K-K system,and B0d-B0d mixing parameter χ_d,provided the t-quark mass is large,m_t≥160GeV.If │V₁₂│=│V₂₁│is confirmed by further experiments,KM matrix will turn out to be symmetric,so that a parameter is reduced in the standard model.     

Ideal cylindrical cloak: perfect but sensitive to tiny perturbations

A cylindrical wave expansion method is developed to obtain the scattering field for an ideal two-dimensional cylindrical invisibility cloak. A near-ideal model of the invisibility cloak is set up to solve the boundary problem at the inner boundary of the cloak shell. We confirm that a cloak with the ideal material parameters is a perfect invisibility cloak by systematically studying the change of the scattering coefficients from the near-ideal case to the ideal one. However, because of the slow convergence of the zeroth-order scattering coefficients, a tiny perturbation on the cloak would induce a noticeable field scattering and penetration.     

Nailing Down the KM matrix and the top quark mass

We present a determination of the KM matrix elements and a prediction of the top quark mass, based on available experimental information and the only theoretical framework, known to us, that is free of experimental and/or theoretical difficulties.     

Uncertainty propagation in the derivation of phenomenological rate coefficients from theory: A case study of n-propyl radical oxidation

Global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is used to study the propagation of uncertainties in fundamental theoretical parameters through to uncertainties in the predicted temperature and pressure dependent phenomenological rate coefficients. Predictions are obtained from ab initio transition state theory based master equation calculations. The fundamental parameters for these rate predictions include barrier heights, well depths, vibrational frequencies, collision frequency, and energy transfer parameters. A random sampling high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) approach is used to perform the global sensitivity analysis. This approach determines the predicted distributions of the phenomenological rate coefficients based on a quasi-random sample of the fundamental parameters within their uncertainty range. Sensitivity analysis then identifies the main parameters which contribute to variance in the predicted distributions. Here the approach is applied to a study of the oxidation of the propyl radical, employing the parameters derived in our recent theoretical study. We find rates at 3σ variances that typically differ from the most frequent values by factors of 4–6, with the uncertainties decreasing with increasing temperature. For the well skipping reactions there are more parameters that contribute significantly to the variance, the second-order sensitivities are greater, and the uncertainties increased with increasing pressure. For the other reactions, the uncertainties tend to decrease with increasing pressure.     

Low-pressure line shape study of acetylene transitions in the ν 1 + ν 2 + ν 4 + ν 5 band over a range of temperatures

In this study we have retrieved the self-broadened widths, self-pressure-induced shifts, and Dicke narrowing coefficients for 20 R-branch transitions in the ν₁?+?ν₂?+?ν₄?+?ν₅ band of acetylene. The spectra were recorded using a three-channel diode laser spectrometer, a temperature-controlled cell of fixed length and a second, room temperature cell. The soft collision (Galatry) and hard collision (Rautian) profiles with inclusion of line mixing effects were used to retrieve the line parameters. We determined the temperature dependencies for line broadening, shift, and Dicke narrowing coefficients. We performed comparisons between our retrieved line parameters and published line parameters for acetylene transitions.     

Theoretical study of slowing supersonic CH3F molecular beams using electrostatic Stark decelerator

We have calculated the Stark effect of CH3F molecules in external electrical fields,the rotational population of supersonic CH3F molecules in different quantum states,and analyse the motion of weak-field-seeking CH3F molecules in a state |J = 1,KM = 1 inside the electrical field of a Stark decelerator by using a simple analytical model.Threedimensional Monte Carlo simulation is performed to simulate the dynamical slowing process of molecules through the decelerator,and the results are compared with those obtained from the analytical model,including the phase stability,slowing efficiency as well as the translational temperature of the slowed molecular packet.Our study shows that with a modest dipole moment(～1.85 Debye) and a relatively slight molecular weight(～34.03),CH3F molecules in a state |J = 1,KM = 1 are a good candidate for slowing with electrostatic field.With high voltages of ±10 kV applied on the decelerator,molecules of 370 m/s can be brought to a standstill within 200 slowing stages.