FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID FLOW IN 2-D BRANCHING CHANNEL

This paper presents finite element analysis of non-Newtonian fluid flow in 2-dbranching channel.The Galerkin method and mixed finite element method are usedHere the fluid is considered as incompressible,non-Newtonian fluid with Oldyorddifferential-type constitutive equation.The non-linear algebraic equation system whichis formulated with finite element method is solved by means of continuous differentialmethod The results show that finite element method is suitable for the analysis of non-Newtonian fluid flow with complex geometry.     

THE APPLICATION OF BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD IN STRESS ANALYSIS OF AUTOFRETTED TUBE WITH NOTCH

In this paper.the boundary element method is anplied to investigate the internal state ofstress of autofretted tube with notch and the calculated results are important in the practicaldesign.     

AN EXACT ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE BENDING OF NONHOMOGENEOUS REISSNER’S PLATE

In this paper,based on the step reduction method and exact analytic method,a new method,the exact element method for constructing finite element,is presented.Since the new method doesn’t need variational principle,it can be applied to solve non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations with arbitrary variable coefficients.By this method,a triangle noncompatible element with15 degrees of freedom is derived to solve the bending of nonhomogenous Reissner’s plate.Because the displacement parameters at the nodal point only contain deflection and rotation angle.it is convenient to deal with arbitrary boundary conditions.In this paper,the convergence of displacement and stress resultants is proved.The element obtained by the present method can be used for thin and thick plates as well,Four numerical examples are given at the end of this paper,which indicates that we can obtain satisfactory results and have higher numerical precision.     

BENDING AND VIBRATION OF COMPOSITE LAMINATED PLATES

Hybrid-stress finite element method is applied for analysis of bending and vibration ofcomposite laminated plates in this paper.Firstly,based on the modified-complementaryprinciple,a reciangular hybrid-stress plate bending element is presented which applies toanalysis of laminates.Inside the element,different stress parameters are assumedaccording to different layers.The boundary displacements are determined by means of theassumption of YNS theory on the boundary of elements.The element formed in this way notonly can take effects of transverse shear deformation and local warping into account,butalso has less degrees of freedom.Then.problems of bending and vibration of laminates aresolved by using this element.and the numerical results are compared with the exactsolutions.This shows that the results obtained in the paper are very close to the exactresults.     

Application of an improved boundary element method on the problem of elastic torsion

An improved boundary clement method has been used in analyzing and calculating the problems of the torsion of a prismatic bar with elliptical cross-section. In this paper the calculated results correspond with the values of boundary element method. However, the quantity of data required by the improved boundary element method is much less than that required by boundary element method, and the calculating time will be greatly reduced. Therefore, the procedure of this paper is an economical and efficient numerical computational way for solving Poisson equation problem.     

AN APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A CRACKED HINGEDHINGED BEAM

A new method based on a modified line-spring model is developed forevaluating the natural frequencies of vibration of a cracked beam.This model inconjunction with the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory,modal analysis and linear elasticfracture mechanics is applied to obtain an approximate characteristic equation of acracked hinged-hinged beam.By solving this equation the natural frequencies aredetermined for different crack lengths in different positions.The results show goodagreement with the solutions through finite element analysis.The present method maybe extended to analyze other cracked complicated structures with various boundaryconditions.     

THE FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES,MODE SHAPES AND DAMPING VALUES OF FILAMENTARY COMPOSITE PLATES

This article presents the numerical method for predicting the natural frequencies,mode shapes and damping values of filamentary composite plates.This method is based onfinite element technique,using damped element and allowing transverse shear deformation.For the example of this technique,the theoretical results comparing with experimentalvalues of carbon and glass fibre reinforced plastics plates(mid-plane symmetric)areprovided.The dynamic properties of these laminates are discussed.Finally,a simplegraphic technique to estimate the natural frequencies and damping values is suggested.     

A METHOD OF DETERMINING BUCKLED STATES OF THIN PLATES AT A DOUBLE EIGENVALUE

A method of determining bifurcation directions at a double eigenvalue is presented by combining the finite element method with the perturbation method. By using the present method, the buckled states of rectangular plates at a double eigenvalue are numerically analyzed. The results show that this method is effective.     

THE CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE ELEMENT IN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

In the usual finite element method.the order of the inter-polation in an element is kept unchanged.and the accuracyis raised by subdividing the grid denser and denser.Alter-natively.in the large element method.the grid is kept un-changed.and the terms of approximate series in the elementare increased to raise the accuracy.In this paper,a method for constructing large elementsis presented.when using this method,two sets of variables.one set defined inside the element.and the other defined onthe boundary of the element.are adopted.Then,these twosets of variables are combined by the hybrid-penalty functionmethod.This method can be applied to any elliptic equationsin a domain With arbitrary shape and arbitrary complex boun-dary condition.It is proved with strict mathematical methodin this paper.that in general cases,the accuracy of this me-thod is much higher than that of the usual element and thelarge element method presented in[7].Therefore.the deqreesof freedom needed in this method are much fewer than t     

Comparison of methods for vibration analysis of electrostatic precipitators

The paper presents two methods for the formulation of free vibration analysis of collecting electrodes of precipitators.The first,called the hybrid finite element method, combines the finit element method used for calculations of spring deformations with the rigid finite element method used to reflect mass and geometrical features,which is called the hybrid finite element method.As a result,a model with a diagonal mass matrix is obtained.Due to a specific geometry of the electrodes,which are long plates of complicated shapes,the second method proposed is the strip method which is a semi-analytical method.The strip method allows us to formulate the equations of motion with a considerably smaller number of generalized coordinates.Results of numerical calculations obtained by both methods are compared with those obtained using commercial software like ANSYS and ABAQUS.Good compatibility of results is achieved.     

FUZZY ARITHMETIC AND SOLVING OF THE STATIC GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF FUZZY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The key component of finite element analysis of structures with fuzzy parameters, which is associated with handling of some fuzzy information and arithmetic relation of fuzzy variables , was the solving of the governing equations of fuzzy finite element method. Based on a given interval representation of fuzzy numbers, some arithmetic rules of fuzzy numbers and fuzzy variables were developed in terms of the properties of interval arithmetic. According to the rules and by the theory of interval finite element method, procedures for solving the static governing equations of fuzzy finite element method of structures were presented. By the proposed procedure, the possibility distributions of responses of fuzzy structures can be generated in terms of the membership functions of the input fuzzy numbers. It is shown by a numerical example that the computational burden of the presented procedures is low and easy to implement. The effectiveness and usefulness of the presented procedures are also illustrated.     

AN INVESTIGATION ON A NEW INTEGRAL TRANSFORM-BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR ELASTODYNAMICS

The numerical methods of Fourier eigen transform FET and its inversion are discussedand applied to the boundary element method for elastodynamics. The program for solving elastody-namic problems with the boundary element method is developed and some examples are given. Fromthe numerical results of the examples, we know the method can increase the computing speed 5～10times and the accuracy is guaranteed.     

High-precision solution to the moving load problem using an improved spectral element method

In this paper, the spectral element method(SEM)is improved to solve the moving load problem. In this method, a structure with uniform geometry and material properties is considered as a spectral element, which means that the element number and the degree of freedom can be reduced significantly. Based on the variational method and the Laplace transform theory, the spectral stiffness matrix and the equivalent nodal force of the beam-column element are established. The static Green function is employed to deduce the improved function. The proposed method is applied to two typical engineering practices—the one-span bridge and the horizontal jib of the tower crane. The results have revealed the following. First, the new method can yield extremely high-precision results of the dynamic deflection, the bending moment and the shear force in the moving load problem.In most cases, the relative errors are smaller than 1%. Second, by comparing with the finite element method, one can obtain the highly accurate results using the improved SEM with smaller element numbers. Moreover, the method can be widely used for statically determinate as well as statically indeterminate structures. Third, the dynamic deflection of the twin-lift jib decreases with the increase in the moving load speed, whereas the curvature of the deflection increases.Finally, the dynamic deflection, the bending moment and the shear force of the jib will all increase as the magnitude of the moving load increases.     

Mixed time discontinuous space-time finite element method for convection diffusion equations

A mixed time discontinuous space-time finite element scheme for secondorder convection diffusion problems is constructed and analyzed. Order of the equation is lowered by the mixed finite element method. The low order equation is discretized with a space-time finite element method, continuous in space but discontinuous in time. Stability, existence, uniqueness and convergence of the approximate solutions are proved. Numerical results are presented to illustrate efficiency of the proposed method.     

An exact element method for bending of nonhomogeneous thin plates

In this paper, based on the step reduction method, a new method, the exact element method for constructing finite element, is presented. Since the new method doesn't need the variational principle, it can be applied to solve non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations with arbitrary variable coefficient. By this method, a triangle noncompatible element with 6 degrees of freedom is derived to solve the bending of nonhomogeneous plate. The convergence of displacements and stress resultants which have satisfactory numerical precision is proved. Numerical examples are given at the end of this paper, which indicate satisfactory results of stress resultants and displacements can be obtained by the present method.     

APPLICATION OF THE HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS METHOD TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL PLANAR CRACKS IN 3-D ELASTICITY

By using the analytic theory of hypersingular integral equations in three-dimensional fracture mechanics, the interactions between two parallel planar cracksunder arbitrary loads are investigated. According to the concepts and method of finite-part integrals, a set of hypersingular integral equations is derived, in which theunknown functions are the displacement discontinuities of the crack surfaces. Then itsnumerical method is proposed by combining the finite-part integral method with theboundary element method. Based on the above results, the method for calculating thestress intensity factors with the displacement discontinuities of the crack surfaces ispresented. Finally, several typical examples are calculated and the numerical resultsare satisfactory.     

EQUILIBRIUM AND BUCKLING OF COMBINED SHELLS UNDER UNIFORM EXTERNAL PRESSURE

Nonlinear strain is used to formulate the energy functional of combined structure withseveral kind of shells.The nonlinear finite element method (N.F.E.M.) is proposed forcalculating bending and buckling of the structure subjected to external hydrostaticpressure.The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with experimental ones.     

A reconstructed edge-based smoothed DSG element based on global coordinates for analysis of Reissner–Mindlin plates

A reconstructed edge-based smoothed triangular element, which is incorporated with the discrete shear gap(DSG) method, is formulated based on the global coordinate for analysis of Reissner–Mindlin plates. A symbolic integration combined with the smoothing technique is implemented to calculate the smoothed finite element matrices,which is integrated along the boundaries of each smoothing cell. Numerical results show that the proposed element is free from shear locking, and its results are in good agreement with the exact solutions, even for very thin plates with extremely distorted elements. The proposed element gives more accurate results than the original DSG element without smoothing, and it can be taken as an alternative element for analysis of Reissner–Mindlin plates. The prominent feature of the present element is that the integration scheme is unified in the smoothed form for all of the finite element matrices.     

3D numerical simulation on fluid-structure interaction of structure subjected to underwater explosion with cavitation

In the underwater-shock environment,cavitation occurs near the structural surface.The dynamic response of fluid-structure interactions is influenced seriously by the cavitation effects.It is also the difficulty in the field of underwater explosion.With the traditional boundary element method and the finite element method(FEM),it is difficult to solve the nonlinear problem with cavitation effects subjected to the underwater explosion.To solve this problem,under the consideration of the cavitation effects and fluid compressibility,with fluid viscidity being neglected,a 3D numerical model of transient nonlinear fluid-structure interaction subjected to the underwater explosion is built.The fluid spectral element method(SEM) and the FEM are adopted to solve this model.After comparison with the FEM,it is shown that the SEM is more precise than the FEM,and the SEM results are in good coincidence with benchmark results and experiment results.Based on this,combined with ABAQUS,the transient fluid-structure interaction mechanism of the 3D submerged spherical shell and ship stiffened plates subjected to the underwater explosion is discussed,and the cavitation region and its influence on the structural dynamic responses are presented.The paper aims at providing references for relevant research on transient fluid-structure interaction of ship structures subjected to the underwater explosion.