主脉冲参数和入射条件变化对等离子体状态的影响

 用一维非平衡辐射流体力学程序,计算和分析了主脉冲激光斜入射与预脉冲垂直入射耦合作用锗靶介质的等离子体状态和激光增益区。研究表明,主脉冲以40°斜入射与其垂直入射相比,在相同靶面功率密度下,电子、离子温度、等离子体烧蚀深度下降约10%。在相同的靶面总能量下,40°斜入射电子温度下降约15%～20%。采用主激光斜入射时间延迟技术,这种下降差别还会更小,能量吸收效率会更高,激光增益区更大。     

激光与固体靶面烧蚀等离子体的能量耦合计算

 强激光辐照下固体靶表面迅速汽化产生靶蒸气等离子体,激光穿过等离子体区到达固体靶表面的过程就是激光束与等离子体的能量耦合与交换过程。采用具有五阶精度的WENO差分格式和简易等离子体状态方程模型对激光与等离子体相互作用的复杂物理过程进行了数值计算,分析了激光束能量在等离子体区中的吸收、屏蔽效应等动态耦合规律以及激光支持等离子体前驱冲击波传播。数值模拟结果表明：激光能量是支持靶面等离子体运动的唯一原因,能量屏蔽效应对激光与等离子体能量耦合有很大影响,通过控制激光脉冲宽度,可以合理调节屏蔽效应的影响。     

激光照射薄膜靶的微微秒照相

激光等离子体实验中。许多现象是在微微秒和微米范围内发生的。为了研究这些现象,采用微微秒激光脉冲与高分辨率光学相结合的方法可以提供必要的空间和时间分辨率。实验观察是在碘激光系统AsterixⅢ上进行的。碘激光输出波长为1.3μm,脉冲能量最大输出为300J,脉冲宽度为300ps。靶面功率密度为3×10~(15)W·cm~(-2)相应的半能量点的直径为85μm。利用脉冲宽度为10ps的主被动锁模染料激光脉冲,在与碘激光成90°的方向上,拍摄了时间分辨的阴影照片。同以往的方法相比,染料激光系统作了相当大的改进;特别是染料激光脉冲与碘激光脉冲的同步。染料激光脉冲相对于碘激光脉冲的到达时间可以预先选择,其漂移时间为200ps。所拍得的阴影照片的空间分辨率为10μm。从阴影照片可以看出,除了被加速的冷箔材料之外,还观察到“发丝”、“冲击”等的形成以及沿着靶的表面传导等现象。随着激光强度的增加,这些现象变得愈来愈明显。由于在等离子体与靶架之间存在着很高的电位差,所以对于某些放电现象的观察可能更为可靠。用条纹相机定量地测量了2和10μm厚的塑料薄箔条的膨胀。在高强度激光照射下观察了有机玻璃中等离子体云的形成以及由于激光束的冲击所释放出的冲击波。实验和理论计算表明,激光产生的等离子体被充电到10~     

蒸汽羽等离子体对入射激光吸收的研究

继用高速摄影技术对自由振荡钕玻璃激光与Ly12铝靶相互作用产生的蒸汽羽的传播及其特性进行研究之后,又定量研究了它的吸收屏蔽效应。实验表明,在0.7～1.6×10~7W/cm~2的激光功率密度下,其光学厚度最高可达1.2。蒸汽羽等离子体对入射激光的吸收与辐照靶的功率密度成正比,在距靶面3mm处比9mm处吸收强。实验获得了吸收随序列尖峰脉冲时间的变化曲线。     

用1.05,0.53μm激光辐照Au盘靶的吸收规律与数值模拟

离散等离子体卡计测量等离子体能量,研究～0.8ns,1.05,0.53μm激光辐照Au盘靶产生的Au等离子体对激光的吸收规律.报道了吸收与激光入射角度和功率密度关系的实验结果.根据分析实验结果提出了吸收的定标规律.实验结果与一维平面等离子体模型模拟结果相符. 关键词：     

飞秒激光-物质相互作用产生Kα X射线

 用无色散X射线谱仪分别在靶前后测量了飞秒激光辐照铜箔产生的Kα X射线,获得了能量转换效率。入射激光脉冲宽度33 fs,能量在50 mJ～5 J,强度10₁₇～10₁₉ W/cm₂。靶后发射的Kα X射线强度随入射激光能量的增加而增加,其单色性较靶前好。采用100 μm厚靶,其能量转换率为2.2×10_-5。     

平面薄膜靶激光等离子体消融参量的测量

报道了使用1ns脉冲宽度钕玻璃大功率激光以P偏振及S偏振方式辐照倾斜的平面聚脂薄膜靶,用离子法测量比质量消融率、消融压力及流体动力学转换效率等参量的实验结果。靶面激光辐照强度为2×10~(12)W·cm~(-2)～1×10~(14)W·cm~(-2)。比较了实验和理论给出的定标规律。初步讨论了P偏振及S偏振两种入射情况下,消融参数及薄膜靶背面收集到的离子信号波形的差异。     

激光诱导Ti等离子体电子温度的实验研究

室温,常压下,利用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器产生的波长为1 064 nm, 脉宽12 ns,能量分别180, 230和280 mJ的脉冲激光冲击Ti靶,使用中阶梯光栅光谱仪检测了三种激光能量下对应的光谱。调节延时器DG645的延迟时间,检测了延迟0～500 ns时间范围内Ti等离子体对应激光能量下的发射光谱,分析光谱,可以得到了九条不同的的TiⅠ 和TiⅡ等离子体谱线,证明在该实验条件下,Ti靶能够充分吸收能量电离且离子谱线具有不同的演化速率,利用Saha-Boltzmann法计算并分析Ti等离子体电子温度,实验结果表明：相同的延迟时间,激光能量越大,谱线相对强度越大,电子温度越高,谱线相对强度的变化量随激光能量的变化量增大而增大;在延时0～150 ns内,三种激光能量下的等离子体电子温度和谱线的相对强度都随延迟时间的增加而快速下降,其中280 mJ激光能量下的等离子体电子温度和谱线强度下降速率较快;在150～250 ns范围内,电子温度和谱线强度均随延迟时间的增加有一个缓慢的上升,180 mJ激光能量下的等离子体电子温度和谱线强度的上升速率较快。250～500 ns范围内,三种激光能量下的电子温度和谱线强度均随延迟时间的增加而缓慢下降。     

主脉冲参数和入射条件变化对等离子体状态的影响

用一维非平衡辐射流体力学程序，计算和分析了主脉冲激光斜入射与预脉冲垂直入射耦合作用锗靶介质的等离子体状态和激光增益区。研究表明，主脉冲以４０°斜入射与其垂直入射相比，在相同靶面功率密度下，电子、离子温度、等离子体烧蚀深度下降约１０％。在相同的靶面总能量下，４０°斜入射电子温度下降约１５％～２０％。采用主激光斜入射时间延迟技术，这种下降差别还会更小，能量吸收效率会更高，激光增益区更大。     

脉冲CO_2激光烧蚀锡靶等离子体的数值模拟

使用一维辐射流体力学程序MULTI模拟了脉冲CO_2激光烧蚀平面锡靶的过程,研究了脉冲宽度、峰值功率密度、靶材初始密度对锡等离子体电子密度、电子温度的时空分布的影响,并结合统计分析得到最有利于产生13.5nm极紫外光的激光脉冲宽度。模拟结果表明,脉冲宽度为100~200ns的长脉冲激光产生的等离子体有利于实现极紫外输出的最佳条件,通过分析等离子体的电子密度、电子温度的分布对这一结论进行了解释。临界电子密度区域有效吸收了脉冲能量,而低密度的羽辉对激光与极紫外辐射的吸收很少。采用长脉冲激光,使得辐射极紫外等离子体持续时间更长,是提高极紫外辐射效率的有效手段。同时模拟还发现,靶材初始密度对等离子体参数的影响不大。     

Local electronic structures at selected sites of intermetallic perovskites Mn3MeX (Me=divalent metal,X=N,C)

Summary We have measured the XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectra on the manganese and metal MeK-edges of the intermetallic perowskites Mn₃MeX (X=N, Me=Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sn; X=C, Me=Ga, Sn) to investigate the distribution on the partial density of the empty states. The information on the local electronic structure at the two differents sites, obtained from the spectra in the first 10 eV above the onset, is discussed in terms of one-electron band model. The relative shape changes in the spectra between the different compounds are explained by the different magnitude of hybridization between the electronic states of different atoms and/or the filling of the empty band by the electrons supplied by the substituted metal. Moreover, information about the local geometrical structure has been obtained from the (10÷50) eV range of the spectra.

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Riassunto La distribuzione della densità parziale degli stati vuoti nelle perovskiti intermetalliche Mn₃MeX (X=N, Me=Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sn; X=C, Me=Ga, Sn) è stata studiata mediante spettroscopia XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) alle soglieK del Mn e del metallo Me. Le informazioni sulla struttura elettronica locale di entrambi i siti, ottenute dall’analisi dei primi 10 eV degli spettri XANES, sono discussed in termini di un modello proposto. Il cambiamento relativo della forma negli spetttri dei diversi composti è posto in relazione alla differente ibridizzazione tra stati di atomi diversi e/o dal riempimento degli stati della banda vuota con elettroni forniti dal metallo sostituente. Sono state anche ottenute informazioni sulla struttura geometrica locale analizzando gli spettri nell’intervallo da 10 a 50 eV.

     

铁原子团簇的红外与微波吸收性能

以文献［１］中提出的金属原子团簇的电子能谱和吸收光谱理论为指导，对铁原子团簇的红外与微波吸收性能进行了实验测定。实验结果证明这个理论是正确的。测试结果表明：纳米级铁原子团簇材料具有很强的红外吸收性能，微米级铁原子团簇材料具有很强的微波吸收性能，与文献［３］中的理论相符。     

非线性回归法确定差分吸收光谱缓变结构提高NO_2浓度反演精度

分析了差分吸收光谱法反演大气二氧化氮(NO2)浓度过程中任意选择缓变吸收结构表达式对反演结果的影响。传统的二氧化氮浓度反演中直接用比值光谱的低阶拟合曲线代替缓变吸收信息,阶次选择任意,数值模拟发现这种方法会给反演结果带来很大的误差(最大在40%以上)。本文提出以二氧化氮吸收截面为参考,通过对比值光谱的非线性回归,确定缓变吸收信息的表达式。此方法避免了拟合多项式选择的任意性,提高了二氧化氮浓度反演的准确性,数值模拟结果误差不超过1%,并以此获得了合理的二氧化氮浓度实测值。     

Z-scan analytical theory for material with saturable absorption and two-photon absorption

By using the Adomian decomposition method, we present the transmitted optical intensity of a nonlinear medium with the concurrence of saturable absorption (SA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes. We obtain the analytical expression of the open-aperture Z-scan and investigate the interplay between SA and TPA in the Z-scan trace. Through Z-scan measurements at different levels of laser intensities, both the saturable intensity and TPA coefficient could be obtained quickly yet unambiguously.     

OPTICAL LIMITING EFFECT IN TWO PHTHALOCYANINES OBSERVED BY PICOSECOND PULSED LASER

Optical limiting (OL) properties of two phthalocyanines were investigated by using picosecond laser pulses at 532nm. The relative ratios k of the absorption cross section of the first singlet excited state to that of the ground state were approximately obtained by the analysis of the experimental results in which the reverse saturable absorption model of the three-energy-level scheme was employed. A significant comparison with fullerene C₆₀ was presented for OL. The OL mechanisms have been analysed in detail.     

Role of doubled-frequency absorption in two-photon response of the Si MSM structure

The physical mechanism of two-photon response was studied in this paper by measuring characteristics of the two-photon response of the Si metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structure sample. The two-photon response includes two-photon absorption (TPA) and doubled-frequency absorption (DFA). An experiment was designed to measure the photocurrent dependence on incident light power, the dependence of the photoelectric signal on the applied voltage and the relationship between the photoelectric current and the light-spot position. The experimental fact that two-photon response of the silicon sample is relative to the applied electric field shows that DFA is the main physical mechanism of two-photon response and establishes the foundation for fabricating high-sensitivity two-photon response Si photodetector.     

Orientation of Nd and Mn magnetic moments in a CMR Nd0.72Ba0.28MnO3 by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

X-ray absorption and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at Mn L_2,3- and Nd M_4,5-edges of a twinned Nd_0.72Ba_0.28MnO₃ single crystal have been performed versus temperature (between 10 and 300 K) and applied magnetic field (between 0 and 6.5 T). The results show that neodymium cations order below 70 K with the magnetic moments antiparallel to the manganese subnetwork in weak applied magnetic field (<1.5 T). For higher magnetic field, the neodymium moments turn parallel to the manganese ones showing that the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between both subnetworks is weak. The presence of a metal–insulator transition below 70 K in the studied single crystal correlated to the magnetic ordering of neodymium cations can be understood on the basis of the cation mismatch introduced by barium substitution.     

用表面热透镜技术测量1315nm高反射硅镜弱吸收的研究

 运用表面热透镜技术精确测量了1315nm高反射硅镜的弱吸收,判断引起吸收的原因,从而为工艺上减少吸收降低损耗提供了保证。     

三苯胺衍生物分子非线性光学性质的理论研究

在密度泛函理论水平上,利用响应函数方法,研究了1-{(1E)-2-[4-(二苯胺基)苯基]乙烯基}-4-[4-N,N-二甲胺]苯(PVMB)和1-[(1E)-2-(4-(1E)-2-{4-[4-N,N-二甲胺]苯基}乙烯基)苯基]苯胺}苯基)乙烯基]-4-[4-N,N-二甲胺]苯(DPVMB)两分子的双光子吸收特性.计算结果表明,这两个化合物都具有较好的双光子吸收特性,且具有两分支结构的DPVMB分子比具有单支结构的PVMB分子有更强的双光子吸收强度.计算数值结果和实验结果符合地较好.     

A model comparison of the absorption coefficient of a Microperforated Insertion Unit in the frequency and time domains

The absorption coefficient of acoustic materials can be measured either in the frequency or the time domain. At normal incidence, a sample of the material is fitted within an impedance tube and the absorption coefficient is calculated in the frequency domain from the measurement of the transfer function between two microphones [ISO 10534-2. Acoustics - determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes - Part 2: transfer function method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 1996]. When the acoustic material must be characterized at oblique incidence or in situ (noise barriers, for instance) the absorption coefficient is calculated from measurements of the loudspeaker-microphone impulse response in the time domain, both in free field and in front of the sample [CEN/TS 1793-5. Road traffic noise reduction devices - test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 5: intrinsic characteristics - in situ values of sound reflection and airborne sound insulation. CEN, Brussels, Belgium; 2003, ISO 13472-1. Acoustic measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ - Part I: extended surface method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 2002]. Since the absorption is an intrinsic property of the acoustic material, its measurement in either domain must provide the same result. However, this has not been formally demonstrated yet. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparison between the absorption coefficient predicted by the impedance model of a Microperforated Insertion Unit and the absorption coefficient predicted from a simulated reflection trace taken into account the finite length of the time window.