聚烯烃催化剂的发展及我们的对策

评述了聚烯烃催化剂的几个重要发展阶段，讨论了Ziegler-Natta催化剂，茂金属催化剂及非茂有机金属催化剂的组成及特征，提出了我国在聚烯烃催化剂开发方面的对策。     

铁基超细粒子催化剂结构与还原行为的Mossbauer谱研究

铁基超细粒子催化剂具有优良的F －T反应性。本工作利用原位Mossbauer谱辅以XRD技术研究了含有钾助剂的F－T合成铁基超细粒子催化剂的结构与还原行为，考察了催化剂组成和第二金属组分（Mn,Zn,Mg）的影响。“纯”铁超细粒子催化剂在氢气中很容易经Fe3O4还原为零价铁。第二金属组分的引入，一方面了阻碍了催化剂的还原，另一方面稳定了Fe^2 的存在而使其成为还原的主要中间相，这有利于反应条件下形成类晶石结构的活性相。对于Fe-Mn催化剂，上述效应随锰含量的增加而更趋显著。铁基超细粒子催化剂在氢气中还原能力依“纯”Fe>Fe-Zn>Fe-Mn>Fe-Mg的顺序递减，这在一定程度上反映了铁与第二金属组分之间相互作用的强弱。     

水煤气变换催化剂研究新进展

水煤气变换催化剂的工业化应用已有80多年的历史，在合成氨、合成甲醇、制氢和城市煤气工业中得到了广泛的应用，通常使用的催化剂有铁铬系高温变换催化剂、铜锌系低温变换催化剂和钴钼系宽温耐硫变换催化剂，80年代以前，随着多种原料路线(煤、石脑油、渣油和天然气等)制备工艺     

聚合物膜燃料电池用电催化剂研究进展

综述了聚合物膜燃料电池（ＰＥＭＦＣ）用电催化剂最新的研究进展,包括阳极甲醇催化剂有机螯合物催化剂及其它的还原催化剂。     

聚烯烃催化剂及聚合物新产品研发进展

综述了已广泛应用于聚烯烃行业中聚乙烯和聚丙烯聚合用催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了齐格勒-纳塔催化剂、茂金属催化剂、铬系催化剂、后过渡金属催化剂、复合型催化剂等催化剂研究方法及应用领域。全面阐述了齐格勒-纳塔催化剂研究趋势,总结了国内聚烯烃催化剂研究现状及应用情况。同时还论述了不同类型聚乙烯和聚丙烯新产品的聚合工艺及研究现状,重点说明了新产品的结构性能及其应用领域。最后展望了聚烯烃领域的某些可能发展方向。     

手性催化剂的结构及其反应性能

以天然产物为前体对手性催化剂进行了分类，对每种手性催化剂列举了所催化的不对称反应及其对映选择性；并对催化剂的结构与反应性能的关系进行了初步的总结和分析。参考文献７０篇。     

单原子催化剂在电化学合成氨中的理论研究进展

传统Haber-Bosch工艺合成氨需要大量的能源消耗和复杂的工厂基础设备。在可再生能源的推动下,将氮气电化学还原为氨被认为是替代Haber-Bosch工艺最有效的方法,这在科学界引起了极大的关注。然而,这个过程受到氨产量和法拉第效率低的影响,因此开发更有效的电催化剂对其实际应用至关重要。在之前报告的催化剂中,单原子催化剂（SACs）在高效利用原子和不饱和配位方面表现出显著优势,这为优化催化剂性能提供了巨大的空间。文章综述了单原子催化剂在电化学合成氨中的理论研究,详细分析了贵金属催化剂、非贵金属催化剂和非金属催化剂这3类单原子催化剂的性能表现,旨在为电化学合成氨技术的发展提供理论参考。     

新型析氢析氧电化学催化剂在固体聚合物水电解体系的应用

固体聚合物水电解制氢技术在可再生能源利用和氢能经济发展中占有极其重要的地位,催化剂是实现高效能源转化的关键。由于聚合物水电解体系的强酸腐蚀性和高氧化电位,其实际应用的催化剂仍以Pt和Ir基催化剂为主。贵金属材料储量有限,价格昂贵,电催化剂成本很高,极大限制了聚合物水电解技术的发展。聚合物水电解催化剂的研究主要集中在降低贵金属用量、提高贵金属利用率和延长催化剂使用寿命等方面。此外,寻找廉价的替代材料,开发非贵金属析氢、析氧电催化剂也是研究的重要内容和发展方向。通过深入认识催化作用机理,结合快速发展的模拟、计算技术,设计制备新型高性能析氢、析氧电催化剂具有重要应用价值。本文总结了当前聚合物水电解体系析氢、析氧催化原理的发展,介绍了新型析氢、析氧催化剂的制备技术和性能研究及双效催化剂的发展,并对提高催化性能的措施做了简单总结和建议,希望对聚合物水电解体系催化剂的进一步研究和发展有积极意义。     

Cu-Ni双金属催化剂上CO2的加氢反应

采用真空浸渍法,制备了Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ双金属催化剂（引入Ｃｕ前,Ｎｉ以不同的状态存在）,在连续流动微型反应装置上测试各催化剂的ＣＯ２加氢性能,并用ＸＲＤ方法对催化剂进行了表征。实验发现,与Ｃｕ／ＡＩ２Ｏ３催化剂相比,Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ／ＡＩ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＯ２逆变换反应的活性因Ｎｉ的存在而受到抑制,Ｃｕ引入前处于氧化态的Ｎｉ,对所制得的Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ催化剂上ＣＯ生成的抑制更为明显,Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ｉ２Ｏ３双金属催化剂表     

燃料电池中Pt基催化剂对CO的催化氧化

燃料电池具有燃料多样性、噪声低、对环境污染小等优势,近年来备受研究者关注。然而,电池中的贵金属催化剂极易被少量的CO毒化,成为制约其商业化的一大障碍。因此,设计出高性能的催化剂对于推动燃料电池的发展十分关键。本文综述了燃料电池中铂(Pt)基催化剂对CO催化氧化的研究现状,首先探讨了CO催化氧化机理以及CO在Pt金属表面化学吸附的机理,其次详细介绍了Pt负载型催化剂、双金属催化剂以及助催化剂在催化反应中的不同作用,然后简单分析了影响Pt基催化剂性能的其他因素。最后,对燃料电池中Pt基催化剂的研究方向作了进一步的展望,旨在为燃料电池中CO催化氧化的发展开拓新思路。     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

酞菁染料的金属化和溴化与光物理影响的研究

以α位(2,4-二特戊基)苯氧基邻苯二腈作为环合前体,制备了多种金属酞菁,产物经元素分析、紫外、红外、核磁氢谱等分析手段进行表征.并选择了部分酞菁进行溴化,其中着重研究了不同中心金属以及溴化对染料Q带吸收的影响.结果表明,酞菁染料的金属化对于其Q带吸收影响很大,多数染料金属化后会出现蓝移,而选择合适的条件进行溴化,可以使得金属酞菁的Q带吸收出现一定程度的红移,其中部分溴化金属酞菁的吸收波长与光信息产业中使用的近红外激光器很接近,具有潜在的实用价值.     

室温氧化还原反应制备AgCuSe三元纳米棒

AgCuSe nanorods were prepared at room temperature by a redox reaction. The as-prepared product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.X-ray powder diffraction shows that the as-prepared product is the tetragonal phase of AgCuSe. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the sample consists of nanorods with a diameter varying from 5 nm to 20 nm and a length varying from 200 nm to 600 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the purity of the sample is high. The formation mechanism of AgCuSe and the growth mechanism of AgCuSe nanorods were discussed.Thermodynamic calulations show that the final product in the synthetic system is pure AgCuSe. The solvent ethylenediamine did not only acts a didentate ligand to form relatively state Ag + and Cu + complexes, but also dissolved Se and enhanced the reactivity of Se. It played an important role in controlling the nucleation and growth of AgCuSe nanorods.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Time,gravity and the exterior angle of parallelism

Applying calculus to the horizontal and vertical unit hyperbolas we derive the obtuse exterior and the acute angle of parallelism formulas for the arc length of a unit circle. When the analogous arc length of a hyperbola is figured, we further define metric distance with radian measure. Employing a non-conventional velocity of light formula, we explain several aspects of physics with a logical geometry. The hyperbolic geometry Lobacevskii angle of parallelism is mathematically measured to agree with the physical measure, without using the gravitational constant, but rather the electromagnetic spectrum and geodesics. Space is hereby measured with units of radians and time. Half-angle formulas for slopes and boosts pertain to spinor algebra. The new light velocity is justified when its derivative results in Einstein's mass–energy formula. Relativity is reformulated with these half-angle formulas.     

Umsetzung von Metall- und Metalloidverbindungen mit mehrfunktionellen Molekülen, 22. Mitt.: Die Reaktion von Trimethylsilylcarbonsäureamiden mit Halogen(diorganyl)boranen

Trimethylsilylacetamide and trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide react with halogenodiorganylboranes to monomeric or dimeric amidoboranes depending on the organyl substituents. The compounds were characterized analytically and spectroscopically (NMR:¹H,¹⁹F,¹¹B; MS; IR).

21. Mitt.:A. Meller, W. Maringgele, K. Hennemuth undU. Sicker, J. Z. anorg. allg. Chem., im Druck.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in nonpolar mixtures : II. Carbon tetrachloride with alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes at 313.15 K

Góral, M. and Zawadzki, S., 1993. Vapour-liquid equilibria in nonpolar mixtures. II. Carbon tetrachloride with alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes at 313.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 90: 355-364.

Total vapour pressure measurements using a modified static method at 313.15 K are reported for binary mixtures of CCl₄ with benzene, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and decane. The results were correlated with the generalized Redlich-Kister equation for excess Gibbs energy. A comparison with literature vapour-liquid equilibrium data and excess enthalpy was made. Consistency within homologous series was checked. Predictions made using the UNIFAC method and the Hildebrand-Scatchard equation were compared.     

碱性介质中葡萄糖在铂电极上的阳极氧化

为了进一步探明葡萄糖在铂电极上的氧化机理,用循环伏安法(CV)在-0.9～0.4 V(相对于饱和甘汞参比电极)内研究了葡萄糖在铂电极上催化氧化行为,首次详细报道了葡萄糖在电化学氧化过程中的电位振荡现象,并用电流扫描法表征了葡萄糖的电位振荡情况.电流扫描结果表明,在较慢的电流扫描速度下,电极过程出现了明显的电位振荡.说明电极上产生了毒化中间物,电位振荡是由于毒化中间物在电极上的吸附和在高电位下氧化除去引起的.     

甘氨酸燃烧法合成纳米ZnO-MgO及其紫外光发射

ZnO-MgO nanocomposite was prepared by glycine nitrate combustion method.Its photoluminescence property, the structure and annealing temperature dependence was studied by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The results show that the photoluminescence property of ZnO-MgO nanocomposite is greatly improved compared with that of pure ZnO. Under 325 nm laser excitation, the emission spectra of the 900 ℃ treated composite sample had an obviously enhanced ultraviolet (UV) band centered at 385 nm at room temperature. The luminescence intensity of the UV band became stronger with the increase of annealing temperatures and reached a maximum at 900 ℃ but decreased at 1000 ℃. The photoluminescence intensity was mainly affected by the grain size, the crystallization and the action between ZnO and MgO nanoparticles. In addition, an appropriate G/N value was favorable for improving the UV-PL properties of the nanocomposite samples.