拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数实验中液膜变化的动态数值仿真

基于拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数实验数据,利用回归分析建模和三次样条插值拟合,实现了液膜连续变化过程的动态数值仿真,二维仿真清晰地展现了液膜由形成、拉升到破裂的过程,由此也验证了实验中液膜所受到的表面张力先增后减的过程．为直观观测拉脱吊环时液膜的变化过程,通过三维动态仿真动画,立体、形象地展现了该实验中液膜的变化过程,增强了学生对液体表面张力及表面张力系数概念的理解．     

液体表面张力系数测量的分析

针对学生在利用FD-NST-I型液体表面张力系数测定仪测量液体表面张力系数时,对何时读取数字电压表的示数存在争议,通过对吊环离开液面后液膜拉脱过程的5个阶段的受力分析、液膜拉脱过程的数学讨论以及微观解释三个方面对该实验数据的最佳读取时刻进行分析讨论以及对实验数据的对比分析,得出在测量时应该读取的是数字电压表在吊环拉脱液膜过程中的最大值。     

液体表面张力系数测试仪的研制

介绍一种测定液体表面张力的自制简易装置,可以测量不同物质、不同浓度液体的表面张力系数。仪器制作取材方便,安装调试简单,尤其是改进了常规液膜"拉脱"方法(焦利秤、扭秤和螺旋升降台),使得自组表面张力系数测试仪精度高,稳定性好。     

极大值法测量表面张力系数

测量金属薄片从液体中拉出过程中液膜高度和拉力的关系,分析其产生的原因,给出液体表面张力系数的准确测量方案.     

基于NI myDAQ数据采集器的表面张力系数测量系统

基于NI myDAQ数据采集器、应变式力传感器和位移传感器,用LabVIEW设计和制作了拉脱法测液体表面张力系数的实验系统,该系统可完整定量地记录液面拉破前后液面高度和液体表面张力的变化过程,液面高度测量精度达到0.01mm,表面张力测量精度达到10-5 N.用该系统测量了水、乙醇及其混合液体的表面张力系数,发现随着乙醇体积分数的增加,表面张力系数呈非线性递减,且液膜可拉伸长度也非线性减小.     

测量液体表面张力系数实验中液膜断裂点问题的讨论

液膜拉起过程中,选择采用力敏传感器的电压最大值还是断裂时的电压瞬间值来测定液体表面张力系数一直被讨论.本文设计了测定张力系数实验,发现采用电压瞬间值测定时,必须考虑断裂点处液膜直径的减小量;而采用电压最大值测定时,液膜的自身重力对表面张力系数影响非常大,计算公式需修正.通过对实验数据、受力分析及断裂点问题的讨论,得出采用这2种方法的计算都可行的结论,但采用电压最大值及颈缩后直径进行计算,实验结果更准确,且实验操作性更强,测试更稳定.     

基于对轴对称液桥边缘轮廓拟合的液体表面张力系数测量研究

基于Yang-Laplace公式与液桥平均曲率的关系,研究两平行板间液桥的形貌与表面张力系数的关系,探索出通过对液桥边缘进行轮廓拟合来测量液桥液体的表面张力系数的方法.搭建了一套可以拍摄液桥的边缘放大图的实验平台,利用sobel算子提取边缘信息的Matlab算法,对液桥轮廓进行边缘提取,进而拟合得到液体表面张力系数,计算结果显示表面张力系数的相对误差在5%以内.     

液体表面张力系数的实验研究

改变液体的浓度可以调控液体的表面张力系数,各种形状膜架的挂膜时间与液体表面张力系数存在着一定的关系,本文对于这两个方面进行了实验研究,得出了相应的结果.此外,溶液的温度和空气的流动对挂膜时间都会产生影响.     

新型液体表面张力系数测试仪的研制

研制了新型的液体表面张力系数测试仪,测量了不同流速时液体的表面张力系数。随液体流速增加,液体的表面张力系数先减小,后迅速增加,当液体流速达到3.0ml/s时,液体的表面张力趋于稳定,该值与理论值较接近。     

均匀磁场中磁性液体的磁表面张力系数实验研究

基于特殊性能的磁性液体增设了综合性设计性实验项目,根据项目式教学法初步实现了以学生自我训练为主的教学模式.本文设计了磁性液体磁表面张力系数智能测试仪,研究了均匀磁场中4种不同类型磁性液体的磁表面张力系数随磁感应强度的变化规律.随外加磁场磁感应强度的增强,磁性液体的磁表面张力系数增大,主要是磁场增强了磁性颗粒之间的相互作用力.磁感应强度相同时,载液质量对磁性液体的磁表面张力系数影响较大,载液质量越小,单位体积内融入的磁性颗粒数量越多,导致磁性液体的磁表面张力系数越大.表面活性剂种类对磁性液体磁表面张力系数的影响也较大,由于油酸对磁性颗粒的吸附作用比PBSI-941表面活性剂强,油酸官能团较早吸附在磁性颗粒表面,限制了磁性颗粒进一步长大,导致MFO-4磁性液体磁表面张力系数较小.     

HYDROELASTIC COUPLED VIBRATIONS IN A CYLINDRICAL CONTAINER WITH A MEMBRANE BOTTOM, CONTAINING LIQUID WITH SURFACE TENSION

A linear free hydroelastic vibration analysis of a frictionless liquid with a free surface contained in a cylindrical tank with a flexible bottom has been performed. The side-wall has been treated as rigid and the effect of surface tension taken into consideration. The container bottom was treated as a membrane, while for the free liquid surface the effect of two contact line conditions has been investigated. One edge condition was that of a slipping contact line, while the other one treated the contact line as fixed, ie., an anchored edge. The vibration characteristics of a membrane-liquid coupled system have been investigated for various system parameters, i.e., membrane tension parameter T, liquid surface tension parameter σ, material density parameter ρ, liquid height ratio ?₀ and vibration mode numbers m and n. The degree of coupling between a membrane and a liquid was represented with vibration mode diagrams as well as with frequency diagrams. For axisymmetric coupled vibrations with anchored edge condition, vibration mode exchanging of both a membrane and liquid free surface with membrane bottom tension parameter T has been investigated. An interesting phenomenon which is only observed for a flexible bottom container and an anchored edge free surface condition is presented.     

拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数α实验误差分析

在液膜拉脱过程中,对吊环的受力以及受力的变化情况进行分析,以便正确测量求得液体表面张力,减少α的实验测量误差。     

Size effect on surface tension of liquid binary alloy droplets

A simple model for size-dependent surface tension of liquid binary alloy droplets has been established based on Bulter’s equation and our model for size-dependent surface tension of pure liquid component. As an example, the surface tension of liquid Bi–Sn alloy droplets are calculated and discussed. The results show that as the size of the liquid alloy droplets decreases, the corresponding surface tension decreases. The component with lower surface tension is enriched in the surface layer at all times while relatively more another component with higher surface tension appear in the surface region when the size decreases. The effect of decreasing size on liquid alloy surface tension is like that of increasing temperature. When size is larger than about 12 nm, the size effect is small and negligible.     

The Relevance of Powder/Liquid Wettability to the Cohesiveness of Carbon Black Agglomerates

Particle size enlargement operations often involve the use of a liquid to improve powder cohesiveness. Capillary suction and surface tension forces acting through liquid menisci between particles are the primary source of the cohesive bonding. The strength of these forces, and consequently the strength of the wet agglomerate, is dependent upon the total liquid content, its distribution within the agglomerate, and the powder wettability (characterized by the liquid surface tension and powder/liquid contact angle). The tensile strength of powder compacts containing submicron carbon black particles has been measured as a function of saturation level for several liquids. It is found that the compact strength increases with increasing surface tension for liquids that exhibit a zero contact angle. Above the critical surface tension for wetting a more complicated situation exists where both the surface tension and contact angle are important.     

Nanopore wall effect on surface tension of methane

Local pressure is known to be anisotropic across the interfaces separating fluids in equilibrium. Tangential pressure profiles show characteristic negative peaks as a result of surface tension forces parallel to the interface. Nearby attractive forces parallel to the interface are larger than the repulsive forces and, hence, constitute the surface tension. In this work, using molecular dynamics simulations of methane inside nano-scale pores, we show this surface tension behaviour could be significantly influenced by confinement effects. The layering structure, characterised by damped oscillations in local liquid density and tangential pressures, extends deep into the pore and can be a few nanometers thick. The surface tension is measured numerically using local pressures across the interface. Results show that the tension is smaller under confinement and becomes a variable in small pores, mainly controlled by the thickness of the liquid density layering (or liquid saturation) and the pore width. If the liquid saturation inside the pore is high enough, the vapour–liquid interface is not interfered by the pore wall and the surface tension remains the same as the bulk values. The results are important for understanding phase change and multi-phase transport phenomena in nanoporous materials.     

Expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads

The expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension Rs and γs in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads are of great importance for molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of the interfacial phenomena of nanoscale fluids; these two basic expressions are derived in this paper. Although these expressions were derived first in the literature[Kim B G, Lee J S, Han M H, and Park S, 2006 Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 10, 283] and used widely thereafter, the derivation is wrong both in logical structure and physical thought. In view of the importance of these basic expressions, the logic and physical mistakes appearing in that derivation are pointed out.     

探讨测量液体表面张力系数的优化方法

针对用拉脱法测液体表面张力系数的系统误差较大的系列问题,提出了自动降拉双π丝补偿法.用自动化降拉代替手动提拉,提高了操作过程的稳定性;用双π丝代替π丝,消除了拉膜丝的不光滑点;用突变初态和补偿态作为测量状态,有效地排除了浮力、膜重以及侧丝上的表面张力对实验结果的影响.自动降拉双π丝补偿法得到的实验结果,其精度比拉脱法提高3%.     

用力敏传感器测液体表面张力系数的不确定度分析及影响因素分析

介绍了利用DH4607液体表面张力系数测定仪测量液体的表而张力系数的详细过程,讨论了液体表面张力系数测定的数据处理方法,分析了测量过程中的误差来源,给出了直接测量量和间接测量量不确定度的评定方法和计算公式。