聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/β-环糊精离子聚合物的合成与表征

基于β-环糊精(β-CD)的超分子包合特性,最近几年我们对环糊精聚合物的药物控制释行为进行了广泛的探索性研究,通过分子设计合成并表征了一系列基于温度敏感性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)和β-CD的但却具有不同结构与性能的新型聚合物,研究发现,这些聚合物不但具有PNIPAM的热敏性,也具有β-CD的超分子包合性,并表现出独特的药物控释性能。     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)类材料的应用

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)及其共聚物,在水溶液中表现出最低临界溶液温度(LCST),在LCST附近会发生可逆相转变。利用这种特性,可将热敏性高分子材料应用于生物医学工程、免疫分析、催化、分离提纯等领域。主要综述了热敏性PNIPAAm类高分子材料,在这些领域中的应用情况。     

温度与pH快速响应性P(NIPAM-co-AAc)水凝胶的制备及其性能

以氯化钠水溶液作为反应介质,成功制备了温度与pH快速响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酸)[P(NIPAM-co-AAc)]水凝胶,研究了氯化钠水溶液的浓度对凝胶性能的影响.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、测溶胀比对凝胶性能进行了表征.结果表明:凝胶具有相同的化学组成与结构,但具有不同的微观形态;随着反应介质中氯化钠浓度的增加,凝胶在20℃蒸馏水中的平衡溶胀比增大,并表现出较强的温度与pH敏感性以及较快的去溶胀速率.     

肝素温度敏感色谱填料的制备与性能研究

利用自由基聚合法制备了含有聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/N-丙烯酰氧琥珀酰亚胺)和肝素共聚物的温度敏感的亲和色谱填料; 通过热失重分析得到该填料表面聚合物的接枝率为9.45%; Elison-Morgan 法测定该填料表面的肝素含量为3.6mg/g. 将其用作HPLC 固定相, 分离苯和氢化可的松, 表明该色谱固定相具有温度敏感特性; 该色谱柱对凝血酶具有较强的亲和作用, 通过控制温度缩短了凝血酶的释放时间, 回收率为81.4%, 这为蛋白质的分离提供了一个快速有效的方法.     

DTPA-PNIPAAm的合成及热敏性研究

热敏水溶性高分子聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)在水溶液中有最低临界溶液温度(LCST).当温度在LCST附近发生变化时,PNIPAAm可发生逆相转变.基于该特性,可通过PNIPAAm将放射性治疗核素运输到病变组织通过射线杀灭病变细胞.通过4,4′-偶氮二(氰戊酸)、乙二胺、二乙三胺五乙酸酐(DTPAA)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺合成了带DTPA端基的PNIPAAm,合成的DTPA-PNIPAAm保持了与PNIPAAm相似的LCST.本文的工作为PNIPAAm运输金属治疗核素奠定了基础.     

凝固浴温度对PVDF-g-PNIPAAm温度敏感膜成膜过程与性能的影响

通过自由基共聚的方法制备了聚偏氟乙烯-g-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PVDF-g-PNIPAAm)共聚物,采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备了PVDF-g-PNIPAAm共聚膜.采用超声时域反射法研究了不同凝固浴温度下PVDF-g-PNIPAAm的成膜动力学,并研究了凝固浴温度对膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明,在不同凝固浴温度下,...     

温度敏感性PNIPAM-b-PZLL-b-mPEG三嵌段共聚物的合成与自组装研究

通过大分子引发剂引发ε-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸-N-羧酸酐(Lys-NCA)开环聚合和大分子缩合的方法合成了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(ε-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸)-b-聚乙二醇单甲醚三嵌段共聚物(PNIPAM-b-PZLL-b-mPEG).用GPC和1H-NMR对其结构进行了表征.用芘荧光探针法证明了该三嵌段聚合物形成胶束的性质并测定了临界胶束浓度(CMC).动态光散射(DLS)研究表明,在固定PNIPAM-b-PZLL链段长度的情况下,mPEG分子量为2000时,胶束在温度高于临界溶解温度(LCST)时发生聚集,mPEG分子量为5000时,胶束在LCST以上没有发生聚集.     

在NaCl溶液中以海藻酸钠为致孔剂制备快速温度响应型多孔聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶

用海藻酸钠为致孔剂,在NaCl水溶液中制备了多孔聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)水凝胶,分别用扫描电镜(SEM)和小角X光散射(SAXS)对PNIPAAm水凝胶的多孔结构进行了表征.结果发现,PNIPAAm水凝胶网络中的孔洞相互贯通,随着反应介质中NaCl浓度的增加,孔洞尺寸逐渐增大,孔洞排列越来越有序.相应地,PNIPAAm水凝胶的消溶胀速率随着反应介质中NaCl浓度的增加而提高.当NaCl浓度为0.6 mol/L时制备的PNIPAAm水凝胶,从室温处于平衡溶胀状态快速转移到45℃水介质中,1 min后凝胶的水保留率不足15%,4 min后消溶胀就达到平衡状态.     

钾离子响应型单分散智能凝胶微球制备与表征

采用沉淀共聚反应成功地制备出了温敏单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)和具有钾离子识别能力的苯并-18-冠-6-丙烯酰胺(BCAm)交联共聚的P(NIPAMc-o-BCAm)凝胶微球。采用动态激光光散射(DLS)方法研究了凝胶微球的温敏及钾离子响应特性。实验结果表明,P(NIPAM-co-BCAm)凝胶微球具有很好的单分散性和温敏特性,并且在33℃的5mM钾离子溶液中,其水化直径比在纯水中显著增大,显示出了离子响应性。     

基于互穿网络结构的pH/温度双重刺激响应性微凝胶的研究

室温下采用氧化-还原引发体系,以低交联密度的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)微凝胶为种子,通过种子乳液聚合法合成由PNIPAM和聚丙烯酸(PAA)形成的具有互穿聚合物网络结构的微凝胶.傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明微凝胶由PNIPAM和PAA两种聚合物组成,透射电镜表征结果证实微凝胶中PNIPAM和PAA两种聚合物形成了互穿网络结构.用动态激光光散射测试不同温度或pH值水介质中微凝胶的粒径,结果发现微凝胶具有良好的pH/温度双重刺激响应性.在水介质pH值大于5.5的情况下,PAA组分对微凝胶的体积相转变温度没有影响;而在水介质pH值为4.0的情况下,由于PAA与PNIPAM之间的氢键作用,微凝胶的体积相转变温度稍微降低.微凝胶中PAA组分含量越高,其pH刺激响应性越显著.     

Thermo-Responsive MOF/Polymer Composites for Temperature-Mediated Water Capture and Release

We report an in situ polymerization strategy to incorporate a thermo-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), with controlled loadings into the cavity of a mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL-101(Cr). The resulting MOF/polymer composites exhibit an unprecedented temperature-triggered water capture and release behavior originating from the thermo-responsive phase transition of the PNIPAM component. This result sheds light on the development of stimuli-responsive porous adsorbent materials for water capture and heat transfer applications under relatively mild operating conditions.     

Smart Reactivity in Gelatine/PNIPAM Mixtures: Control of the Cross-Linking and Microheterogeneities

Chemical cross-linking of gelatine was achieved by using a thermo-sensitive reactive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as a cross-linker. The reaction occurs only below the LCST. Controlled micro-heterogeneities were created inside the gel without macroscopic volume transition. Acceleration of the drying process indicates faster water diffusion in the micro-heterogeneous gel.     

新型核壳结构水凝胶的合成与表征

以羟丙基纤维素为模板,在水溶液中合成了不含表面活性剂的聚甲基丙烯酸（PMAA）纳米水凝胶。再以该PMAA纳米水凝胶为模板,合成了具有pH和温度双重敏感的聚甲基丙烯酸/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PMAA-PNIPA）核壳结构纳米水凝胶。对纳米水凝胶的形态、结构、pH以及温度敏感性的表征结果表明,纳米水凝胶粒径为338.8～407.9 nm,并随交联剂用量的增加而减小,其体积相转变具有良好的pH及温度响应性,这种绿色合成的生物相容性新型核壳结构纳米水凝胶具有极为广泛的应用前景。     

基于聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的细胞智能分离材料

聚 N -异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)在水中是具有温度响应性的智能高分子材料,可用于细胞培养和自动脱附。本文从材料的制备方法出发,介绍了电子束照射接枝、等离子体处理接枝、表面活性自由基聚合、水凝胶等方法制备的材料对细胞培养及脱附的影响;阐述了细胞的脱附机理;讨论了加快细胞脱附的方法,包括共聚改性PNIPAm、PNIPAm接枝多孔膜、聚乙二醇(PEG)共聚PNIPAm接枝多孔膜、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜辅助细胞转移。从PNIPAm温敏性材料表面智能分离得到的细胞片因结构完整并保留了细胞外基质成分,在组织修复中得到了应用。     

Polyrotaxane-based triblock copolymers synthesized via ATRP of N-isopropylacrylamide initiated from the terminals of polypseudorotaxane of Br end-capped pluronic 17R4 and β-cyclodextrins

Thermo-responsive polyrotaxane (PR)-based triblock copolymers were synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide initiated with self-assemblies made from a distal 2-bromoisobutyryl end-capped Pluronic 17R4 (PPO14-PEG24-PPO14) with a varying amount of β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) in the presence of Cu(I)Cl/PMDETA at 25 °C in aqueous solution. The molecular structure was characterized by means of H NMR, FTIR, WXRD, GPC, TGA and 1 DSC analyses. About half of β-CDs are still entrapped on the Pluronic 17R4 chain while the number of incorporated NIPAAm monomers is nearly a double feed value in the resulting copolymers. The aggregate morphologies in aqueous solution were evidenced by TEM observations. A two-step thermo-responsive transition arising from a combination of a polypseudorotaxane middle block with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) flanking blocks was also demonstrated by turbidity measurements. Given their thermo-responsive behavior in aqueous solution, these PR-based triblock copolymers show the potential to be used as smart materials for the controlled drug delivery systems, biosensors, and the like.     

基于壳聚糖二氧化碳智能材料

二氧化碳(CO₂)捕获以及转化是控制大气中二氧化碳含量和有效利用的主要策略。CO₂ 响应型聚合物以含有胺基的烯类单体为主要原料,通过接枝聚合或与其他功能分子复合来改善其对CO₂的响应以及捕获性能。其中,天然高分子(如多糖、蛋白质等)具有资源丰富、无毒、可降解和良好的生物相容性等优点,是制备环境友好高分子材料的最佳选择。同时,壳聚糖含有大量的伯胺,在制备基于胺基的具有CO₂响应以及捕获性能的智能复合材料中具有潜在优势。本文首先介绍了CO₂响应聚合物和壳聚糖的特点,进一步归纳了近年来基于壳聚糖的CO₂响应高分子以及捕获材料的最新研究进展,并对这类复合材料的设计及其应用前景进行了展望。     

Application of New Energy Thermochromic Composite Thermosensitive Materials of Smart Windows in Recent Years

Thermochromic smart windows technology can intelligently regulate indoor solar radiation by changing indoor light transmittance in response to thermal stimulation, thus reducing energy consumption of the building. In recent years, with the development of new energy-saving materials and the combination with practical technology, energy-saving smart windows technology has received more and more attention from scientific research. Based on the summary of thermochromic smart windows by Yi Long research groups, this review described the applications of thermal responsive organic materials in smart windows, including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) hydrogels, ionic liquids and liquid crystals. Besides, the mechanism of various organic materials and the properties of functional materials were also introduced. Finally, opportunities and challenges relating to thermochromic smart windows and prospects for future development are discussed.     

Graft copolymers having hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic branches. XI. Preparation and thermosensitive properties of polystyrene microspheres having poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) branches on their surfaces

Thermosensitive microspheres with 0.4–1.2 μm diameter consisting of a polystyrene core and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAAm) branches on their surfaces were prepared by the free radical polymerization of a polyNIPAAm macromonomer and styrene in ethanol. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) of the microsphere surface suggested that polyNIPAAm chains were favorably located on the surface of the microspheres. The morphology of the microspheres was observed by transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and the particle size of was estimated by submicron particle analyzer. The molecular weight of the polyNIPAAm macromonomer, the ratio of the macromonomer and styrene, and the polymerization temperature affected the particle size. Thermosensitive properties of polyNIPAAm-coated polystyrene microspheres were evaluated by the turbidity of their dispersion solutions and the hydrodynamic size of the miocrospheres. The transmittance in dispersion solutions changed clearly, similar to oligoNIPAAm and polyNIPAAm macromonomers. In addition, the particle size of microspheres decreased with rising temperature. These results were explained by the thermosensitivity of polyNIPAAm branches on the microsphere surface. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.