"惯性系"考

针对牛顿力学框架的两大疑难，结合朗格惯性系的定义，详细考察了惯性系，解决了牛顿定律适用的条件和参考系。     

"惯性系"考(续)

3 星球参考系不是惯性系 3.1 星球参考系 以星球的中心(也是它的质心)为原点,建一相对于局域惯性系的坐标架O′-x′y′z′平动的坐标架,本文称此坐标架为星球参考系.星球相对于此坐标架可以转动.     

差之毫厘,失之千里--星球参考系与质心参考系的差异

分析了星球参考系与质心参考系的差异.     

惯性的本质

本文系统地阐述了“惯性”概念的产生、发展，和当代物理学对此问题的认识。     

浅谈牛顿定律与参考系

对牛顿定律与参考系之间的关系作简要的梳理. 首先, 由牛顿第一定律着手, 分析惯性参考系与非惯 性参考系的本质区别. 再基于对牛顿第二定律的理解, 从“ F=m( a相 +a参) ”与“ F-m a参 =m a相”两式的区别与联 系出发分析惯性参考系与平动非惯性参考系的关系, 并对转动非惯性参考系中各惯性力的物理意义作展开解释. 最后, 指出牛顿第三定律与参考系的选取无关     

力学问题中惯性参考系的选取

通过例题，分析了在解决力学问题中惯性参考系的选取原则和方法。     

在惯性系中求解落体偏东问题

在惯性系中从机械能守恒出发求解了落体偏东问题并计算了下落过程中质点的引力势能与动能的转化.     

奇妙的惯性力

实际的参考系都不是惯性系，因此必须考虑惯性力．     

在惯性系中分析落体偏东现象

在惯性系中分析了落体偏东现象，简单明了，使工科学生也能理解．     

质心系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程及其应用

推导了质心系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程,并举例说明联合惯性系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程可求解约束反力.     

人造地球卫星与月亮在地心参考系中的受力分析

指出在全面分析被研究对象所受的力时,必须同时分析参照物所受的力,否则便漏掉了惯性力;地心参考系可以充当惯性系的空间范围是有限的．     

无法避免的惯性力

论述了在牛顿力学中,惯性力无法避免,也不可忽视.     

漫谈惯性力

作者对在本刊发表的多篇与惯性力有关文章的梳理.     

光子能否作参考系呢

对光子能否作参考系问题进行了讨论,指出:个别光子或有规则运动的光子群不能作为参考系,而不规则运动的光子群体的质心坐标,则可以作为参考系.     

自由降落升降机中液滴的形状

定量讨论了自由降落升降机中实际液滴的形状.结果表明,在地球附近,液滴大小在1 m数量级时呈现明显的非球形,并与静态海潮形成的海洋表面形状相似.提供了一种在普通航天飞机中观察引力场非均匀效应的方法;给出了一种制造空间弯曲测量仪的设想.     

Gravitational Perturbations on Local Experiments in a Satellite: The Dragging of Inertial Frame in the HYPER Project

We consider a nearly free falling Earth satellite where atomic wave interferometers are tied to a telescope pointing towards a faraway star. They measure the acceleration and the rotation relatively to the local inertial frame. We calculate the rotation of the telescope due to the aberrations and the deflection of the light in the gravitational field of the Earth. We show that the deflection due to the quadrupolar momentum of the gravity is not negligible if one wants to observe the Lense-Thirring effect of the Earth. We consider some perturbation to the ideal device and we discuss the orders of magnitude of the phase shifts due to the residual tidal gravitational field in the satellite and we exhibit the terms which must be taken into account to calculate and interpret the full signal. Within the framework of a geometric model, we calculate the various periodic components of the signal which must be analyzed to detect the Lense-Thirring effect. We discuss the results which support a reasonable optimism. As a conclusion we put forward the necessity of a more complete, realistic and powerful model in order to obtain a final conclusion on the theoretical feasibility of the experiment as far as the observation of the Lense-Thirring effect is involved.     

Role of the velocity frame of reference in thermodiffusion in liquid mixtures

The role and significance of the velocity frame of reference in the interpretation, modeling and formulation of thermodiffusion in multicomponent liquid mixtures were investigated, focused on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics modeling approach. The effect of the velocity frame of reference on the phenomenological equations and thermodiffusion coefficients and expressions is explored. Theoretically and also by the aid of representative calculations, it is shown that while in binary mixtures transformation from one frame to another does not affect the sign and magnitude of the thermodiffusion coefficients, in multicomponent mixtures (ternary and higher), even the sign of the thermodiffusion coefficients may change when an alternative frame is used. This implies that in multicomponent mixtures for either experimental data or model estimations, the employed velocity frame for the thermodiffusion coefficients plays an important role in calculations. The Soret coefficients and the thermodiffusion factors are independent of the frame of reference.