斜航向上舰船感应磁性磁场分离方法讨论

斜航向上舰船感应磁性磁场分离是舰船磁场分析中的一个难点.针对舰船龙骨下方典型测量点上的磁场特征特殊形态展开分析,可方便明晰地解决这一问题.根据相差180°的两个航向上的磁场测量数据,可分离出舰船纵向和横向感应磁性磁场的总和.在舰船龙骨下典型测量点上,舰船纵向和横向感应磁性磁场总和的纵向和垂向分量来源于纵向感应磁性,横向分量来源于横向感应磁性.最终,实现了斜航向上舰船纵向和横向感应磁性磁场的分离.     

用钕铁硼(NdFeB)永磁材料实现磁斗篷

固有磁化强度方向与外磁场方向相反的钕铁硼(NdFeB)空心圆柱和固有磁化强度方向与外磁场方向相同的钕铁硼铬(NdFeCrB)空心圆柱镶嵌在一起,组成一个磁化强度方向相反的双层磁环.利用柱坐标系中磁标势的公式及本构关系,推导了均匀外磁场在双层空心圆柱永磁体内外的磁场强度,得到了半径比率与外加磁场、相对磁导率及磁化强度的关系.计算结果表明,当施加均匀外磁场时,双层空心圆柱NdFeB永磁体可以屏蔽静磁场从而实现磁斗篷.     

基于磁荷面分布的舰船磁场预测方法

利用等效源观点, 把钢铁建造的舰船船体视为等效磁荷面分布, 建立了该分布与磁场传感器测量值之间应满足的第一类Fredholm积分方程, 然后利用广义逆矩阵对积分方程离散化后得到的线性方程组进行求解, 并以矩阵条件数来衡量方程组的病态程度, 最后利用求解得到的磁荷分布来预测舰船在空间中任意点上产生的磁场. 数值模拟表明该方法可以准确地识别磁性从而得到精确的磁场预测值. 最后利用一个船模实验验证了本方法. 关键词： 舰船 磁场 磁荷 积分方程     

感应电压叠加器感应腔磁芯直流去磁研究

根据感应电压叠加器感应腔的工作需求,针对感应腔磁芯的高效可靠应用,一般在感应腔工作前都要对磁芯进行去磁,以实现磁芯的利用最大化,减少磁性材料用量,降低设备体积和造价。通过对磁性材料性能的研究分析,得出了相对于传统的脉冲去磁方式,直流去磁具有电压低、电流小、易绝缘、电极烧蚀小、对变压器油无污染、成本低等优点的结论。根据去磁电流引入位置的不同,研究了两种使用直流对感应腔磁芯进行去磁的方法,并对这两种直流去磁的方法进行了深入地分析和模拟计算,验证了直流去磁的可行性和优越性。     

磁化铁氧体电磁散射的移位算子FDTD分析

将移位算子（shift operator,SO）-时域有限差分（fintie difference time domain,FDTD）方法推广到外磁场沿任意方向时磁化铁氧体的情形.从磁化铁氧体的相对磁导系数张量和各向异性情形下Maxwell旋度方程出发,推导出外磁场沿任意方向情形下磁化铁氧体电磁散射的SO-FDTD迭代公式.应用该方法计算了磁化铁氧体层、磁化铁氧体球及含磁化铁氧体涂层的Von Karman形雷达罩电磁散射,数值计算结果表明了该算法的正确有效性. 关键词： 磁化铁氧体 FDTD 移位算子法     

匀强磁场与简谐势阱中荷电自旋-1/2费米子的热力学性质

基于准经典近似方法,研究了匀强磁场与简谐势阱中荷电自旋-1/2费米系统的热力学性质,给出了系统的粒子数、内能、比热、磁化强度和磁化率等热力学量的解析表达式.通过引入自旋因子描述电荷-磁场和自旋-磁场作用的相互竞争,并数值分析了自旋因子对系统磁化强度的影响.研究表明,系统呈现抗磁性还是顺磁性取决于自旋因子的值,二维荷电费米系统的磁性质与三维系统相似.     

非均匀弱直流偏置磁场中CoFe-基非晶态合金丝的静磁化分布和退磁场分布

当前从事非晶态合金丝巨磁阻抗效应的理论研究均以忽略其内部退磁场为前提,该前提对于小尺寸非晶态合金丝不适用.本文提出一种用于计算Co Fe-基非晶态合金丝内部静磁化强度、退磁场分布的模型.该模型将非晶态合金丝内部划分成同轴、等宽、等厚、半径不同的相邻无交圆环,计算各圆环内磁化强度对场点r处退磁场冲激响应,得到冲激响应矩阵.利用该矩阵求解均匀/非均匀直流偏置磁场中非晶态合金丝内静磁化强度、退磁场分布.     

基于永磁恒定磁场激励的起始磁化曲线测量

现有起始磁化曲线测量系统需绕制励磁线圈和感应线圈,在线应用受限.为此,本文提出了一种基于永磁恒定磁场激励的起始磁化曲线测量原理并搭建了相应测量系统.该系统采用永磁磁化器作为激励磁源,以对称磁化方法在圆柱棒状构件上激励出随轴向位置变化的恒定磁场作为激励磁场;采用阵列霍尔探头测量构件表面不同提离下的轴向和法向磁感应强度;并基于多项式外推法和磁场高斯定理外推法,推算构件与空气分界面上的轴向和法向磁感应强度;进一步地,根据分界面上的磁感应强度获取构件的起始磁化曲线.系统测量结果表明,在永磁恒定磁场激励下,无须励磁线圈和感应线圈即可方便地获取棒状构件的起始磁化曲线,测量误差小于10%,测量误差标准差小于0.01,重复性较好.该系统可为便捷地在线测量棒状构件起始磁化曲线提供新途径.     

基于SQUID梯度计的单磁源定位及磁矩反演误差分析

磁源定位及磁矩反演技术在空间探测、无损检测以及目标追踪等领域有着广泛的应用前景。利用磁场梯度张量信息进行磁源定位及磁矩反演的思想是在1975年首次提出的,2006年提出的磁性目标线性方程定位方法以其快速准确求解的特点而备受关注。但是,对于该梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的全方位的误差分析仍有待完善。在简要回顾梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的方法的基础上,提出了一种基于该方法的系统误差和随机误差分析的理论;研究结果表明定位误差是由于将差分近似为微分而引起的系统误差和传感器测量的随机误差构成。以目前具有超高精度、超高灵敏度的超导量子干涉仪作为典型磁场测量传感器,分析了梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位及磁矩反演误差与传感器分辨率和相对误差水平之间的关系。     

限制在一维谐振势下的三维自由电子气的一些热力学性质

利用围路积分表达的计算系统热力学势的一个公式,得到被一维谐振子势限制、有垂直磁场作用的三维自由电子气的在任意温度下的热力学势的精确解析表达式.然后利用其研究了不同温度和尺度区域内磁化强度、磁化率和比热随磁场强度的变化情况.研究表明,低温下磁化强度、磁化率和比热随磁场强度变化出现振荡现象,其中比热还会出现两种不同的振荡模式.     

Measuring the 9-component magnetic permeability tensor of ferrites

The magnetic permeability tensor of ferrite monocrystals can, in the general case, be represented as consisting of nine components [1]. In [2] the 6-component magnetic permeability tensor was obtained for a triaxial ferrite monocrystal with low magnetic anisotropy energy magnetized by a constant field in the crystallographic plane (110). In the general case of magnetization in an arbitrary crystallographic direction the tensor becomes a 9-component tensor [3]. In the context of the increasing application of ferrite monocrystals in microwave engineering the question of measuring such a tensor is of current scientific and practical interest. In the present article we propose a method for measuring the 9-component tensor for ferrite materials at microwave frequencies.     

Magnetic susceptibility contrast induced field gradients in porous media.

Using a two-component composite theory, we compute the internal field gradient of a periodic porous medium induced by the magnetic susceptibility contrasts. The magnetization of such a system is computed by using the diffusion eigenstates in Fourier representation. We show that the volume averaged field gradient, when used in the formula for free diffusion, significantly overestimates the magnetization decay rate. We also establish bounds for such a periodic system within which the Gaussian approximation is valid for diffusion of spins in the pore space.     

基于时空变换恒定磁化的起始磁化曲线推算方法

起始磁化曲线作为铁磁材料磁学特性的重要表征, 研究其获取方法具有重要意义. 现有方法采用随时间变化磁场作为激励磁场, 通过改变激励磁场大小, 逐步改变试件内的磁场及磁感应强度并进行测量以得到起始磁化曲线, 效率较低, 准备繁琐. 为此, 本文从基本的磁学物理定理出发, 提出一种基于时空变换的起始磁化曲线推算方法. 该方法以细长棒状试件或环形试件作为被测试件; 采用恒定磁化在被测试件内产生空间变化磁场作为激励磁场; 通过测量试件表面的磁场值来推算试件内磁场值, 从而获取铁磁材料起始磁化曲线. 直流线圈恒定磁化环形和棒状试件仿真实验验证了该方法的理论正确性. 进一步地, 考虑实际应用限制因素的推算结果表明了该方法在实际应用中是可行的, 可为探索新的起始磁化曲线测量方法提供理论指导.     

Effects of compressive stress on a steel cube using tensor magnetization and magnetostriction analysis

Measurements of the effects of a compressive stress on magnetization and magnetostriction loops of a cubic sample from a steel pipe are presented. The compressive stress was applied perpendicularly to the magnetic field and, in order to take account of the anisotropy of the sample, measurements were performed in all three orthogonal directions with field applied successively parallel to each direction of the cube edges. This gives rise to 3×3 matrices defining the magnetization and magnetostriction tensors. Analysis of each element of the tensors enabled, firstly, the initial preferential orientation of the magnetic domains due to the texture to be identified and, secondly, permitted us to follow the changes in the bulk easy axis induced when the compressive stress was applied. Valuable information about these changes in the domain arrangements was obtained from analysis of the off-diagonal elements of the magnetization tensor.     

Modeling of magnetic material displaying magnetic aftereffect with slow decay rates

For magnetic materials that display slow decay rates, the entire relaxation process cannot be observed experimentally within a reasonable time interval. While magnetic aftereffect behavior has been understood and analyzed quantitatively in general, the important parameters of magnetic materials with slow decay cannot be easily extracted. We present comprehensive experimental characterization of time, field, and temperature dependence of magnetic properties of a magnetic nanocomposite, which exhibits slow decay. Based on the measurement results and previously developed Preisach–Arrhenius model, we propose an analytical model that can predict the shape of the entire aftereffect curves at different temperatures with only the major hysteresis loop and one aftereffect curve at a specific holding field within the region of interest. The model is validated with both simulated data and measured data. This model allows the derivation of an analytical formula for the time variation of the magnetization based on a Gaussian distribution.     

磁梯度张量不变量的椭圆误差消除方法研究

基于磁梯度张量不变量定位方法, 可以实现对目标的单点实时定位, 且定位目标不限于静止目标, 这一方法目前得到了人们的广泛关注, 但该方法由于存在着椭圆系数导致目标定位误差较大的问题. 针对该问题, 提出了一种基于正六面体磁梯度张量测量系统的单点实时定位改进方法, 该方法通过消除原定位方法中不变量存在的椭圆系数, 从而克服椭圆误差对定位精度的影响. 具体做法是通过求解测量系统中正六面体的六个平面中心点处磁梯度张量的特征值, 并把这些特征值按照一定关系进行组合来消除椭圆系数, 来获得六个平面的新不变量, 再对这些新不变量求其梯度值, 根据这些梯度值对目标进行定位, 这样该定位方法可以有效的克服椭圆误差, 可对目标进行单点实时定位. 对改进定位方法进行了仿真实验分析, 结果表明改进方法可以实现目标的单点实时定位, 定位的平均相对误差较现有方法减少10.9%. 改进方法对所搭载平台的机动性要求较低, 其平台可做直线或曲线运动对目标实现单点实时定位.     

Effect of porosity on the permeability tensor of polycrystalline ferrites (independent grain approximation)

The effect of porosity on the form of the permeability tensor is calculated using the independent-grain approximation; this procedure is similar to the Schlömann method. The theoretical curve for the resonant-field distribution is approximated by the Lorentz curve using the method of least squares. It is shown that with this approximation, porosity increases the width of the ferromagnetic resonance line for a non-porous material by the width of the Lorentz distribution curve; thus the resonant field shifts toward lower values. Formulas are obtained for the resonant-field shift due to porosity and the broadening in the ferromagnetic resonance line; these formulas differ somewhat from the Schlömann formulas. In order to check the working formulas and the applicability of the independent-grain approximation, measurements were performed on the tensor for magnesium-chromium-copper ferrites with variable porosity and a magnetization on the order of 1200 gauss at a frequency of 4000 mHz. Specimens having the form of longitudinally magnetized circular cylinders were used so that there was no degeneration in uniform precession of magnetization with long spin waves. The observed effect of porosity on the width of the ferromagnetic resonance line (determined by measuring the tensor) was found to be in good quantitative agreement with calculation. The shift in the resonant field due to porosity was negligibly small, which also agreed with calculation. The experimental results show that when there is no degeneration in uniform precession with spin waves, the independent-grain approximation can be used in experiments even when the magnetization and resonant field are approximately equal.Here, we must allow for the static magnetic susceptibility in the formulas for the resonant-field shift and the broadening in the ferromagnetic resonance line.     

磁性颗粒膜法拉第转角的研究

在外磁场作用下,复合介质的法拉第磁光效应依赖于颗粒膜电介质张量。而复合介质的电介质张量的计算相当复杂。运用了有效介质近似理论,利用非均匀复合介质的有效电场等于单个颗粒中局域场的平均值的自恰条件,由电介质张量εe方程及自洽条件导出了计算磁性颗粒膜系统磁光法拉第转角的解析公式。并应用导出的关系,以Cu金属颗粒为例,讨论了颗粒膜中金属颗粒含量及对应的基质、离子浓度、颗粒形状对法拉第转角的影响,结果表明,利用有效介质近似理论计算的结果与实验结果一致。