Chaos in the dynamics generated by sequences of maps, with applications to chaotic advection in flows with aperiodic time dependence

In this paper we develop analytical techniques for proving the existence of chaotic dynamics in systems where the dynamics is generated by infinite sequences of maps. These are generalizations of the Conley-Moser conditions that are used to show that a (single) map has an invariant Cantor set on which it is topologically conjugate to a subshift on the space of symbol sequences. The motivation for developing these methods is to apply them to the study of chaotic advection in fluid flows arising from velocity fields with aperiodic time dependence, and we show how dynamics generated by infinite sequences of maps arises naturally in that setting. Our methods do not require the existence of a homoclinic orbit in order to conclude the existence of chaotic dynamics. This is important for the class of fluid mechanical examples considered since one cannot readily identify a homoclinic orbit from the structure of the equations.¶We study three specific fluid mechanical examples: the Aref blinking vortex flow, Samelson's tidal advection model, and Min's rollup-merge map that models kinematics in the mixing layer. Each of these flows is modelled as a type of "blinking flow", which mathematically has the form of a linked twist map, or an infinite sequence of linked twist maps. We show that the nature of these blinking flows is such that it is possible to have a variety of "patches" of chaos in the flow corresponding to different length and time scales.     

Bifurcation of the essential dynamics of Lorenz maps and applications to Lorenz-like flows: Contributions to the study of the expanding case

In this article we provide, by using kneadings sequences, the combinatorial bifurcation diagramme associated to a typical two parameter of Lorenz maps on the real line. We apply these results to two parameter families of geometric Lorenz-like flows.Partially supported by Fondecyt grants #1970720, #1990903, DICYT-USACH-Chile and PRONEX on Dynamical Systems. Brazil.     

Prime flows in topological dynamics

We present some results in topological dynamics and number theory. The number-theoretical results are estimates of the rates of convergence of sequences {fx26-1}, wherena is irrational,a is taken mod 1, and 0<β<1. One of these results is used to construct a homorphismT of a compact metric spaceX such that the minimal flow (X, T) had no nontrivial homomorphic images, i.e. is a prime flow. We define an infinite family of such flows, and describe other interesting properties of these flows. The research of all of the authors was supported by NSF Grant 28071.     

Isotropic Tori,Complex Germ and Maslov Index,Normal Forms and Quasimodes of Multidimensional Spectral Problems

More than twenty years ago V. P. Maslov posed the question under what conditions it is possible to assign to invariant isotropic lower-dimensional tori of Hamiltonian systems sequences of asymptotic eigenvalues and eigenfunctions (spectral series) of the corresponding quantum mechanical and wave operators. In the present paper this question is answered in terms of the quadratic approximation to the theory of normal forms. We also discuss the quantization conditions for isotropic tori and their relation to topological, geometric, and dynamical characteristics (Maslov indices, rotation (winding) numbers, eigenvalues of dynamical flows, etc.).     

Wavelets and Optical Flow Motion Estimation

This article describes the implementation of a simple wavelet-based optical-flow motion estimator dedicated to continuous motions such as fluid flows. The wavelet representation of the unknown velocity field is considered. This scale-space representation, associated to a simple gradient-based optimization algorithm, sets up a well-defined multiresolution framework for the optical flow estimation. Moreover, a very simple closure mechanism, approaching locally the solution by high-order polynomials is provided by truncating the wavelet basis at fine scales. Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are evaluated on image sequences of turbulent fluid flows.     

Nested sequences of index filtrations and continuation of the connection matrix

In this paper, we prove the existence of nested sequences of index filtrations for convergent sequences of (admissible) semiflows on a metric space. This result is new even in the context of flows on a locally compact space. The nested index filtration theorem implies the continuation of homology index braids which, in turn, implies the continuation of connection matrices in the infinite-dimensional Conley index theory.     

Anosov flows with gibbs measures are also Bernoullian

We consider a special flowS ^t over a shift in the space of sequences (X, μ) constructed using a continuousf with {fx380-1} We formulate a condition for μ such that theK-flowS ^t is aB-flow. A note on the paperGeodesic flows are Bernoullian by D. Ornstein and B. Weiss.     

Zero-preserving iso-spectral flows based on parallel sums

Driessel [K.R. Driessel, Computing canonical forms using flows, Linear Algebra Appl 379 (2004) 353-379] introduced the notion of quasi-projection onto the range of a linear transformation from one inner product space into another inner product space. Here we introduce the notion of quasi-projection onto the intersection of the ranges of two linear transformations from two inner product spaces into a third inner product space. As an application, we design a new family of iso-spectral flows on the space of symmetric matrices that preserves zero patterns. We discuss the equilibrium points of these flows. We conjecture that these flows generically converge to diagonal matrices. We perform some numerical experiments with these flows which support this conjecture. We also compare our zero-preserving flows with the Toda flow.     

Metric inequalities for routings on direct connections with application to line planning

We consider multi-commodity flow problems in which capacities are installed on paths. In this setting, it is often important to distinguish between flows on direct connection routes, using single paths, and flows that include path switching. We derive a feasibility condition for path capacities supporting such direct connection flows similar to the well-known feasibility condition for arc capacities in ordinary multi-commodity flows. The condition can be expressed in terms of a class of metric inequalities for routings on direct connections. We illustrate the concept on the example of the line planning problem in public transport and present an application to large-scale real-world problems.     

Isospectral Flows for the Inhomogeneous String Density Problem

We derive isospectral flows of the mass density in the string boundary value problem corresponding to general boundary conditions. In particular, we show that certain class of rational flows produces in a suitable limit all flows generated by polynomials in negative powers of the spectral parameter. We illustrate the theory with concrete examples of isospectral flows of discrete mass densities which we prove to be Hamiltonian and for which we provide explicit solutions of equations of motion in terms of Stieltjes continued fractions and Hankel determinants.     

Exponential mixing for smooth hyperbolic suspension flows

We present some simple examples of exponentially mixing hyperbolic suspension flows. We include some speculations indicating possible applications to suspension flows of algebraic Anosov systems. We conclude with some remarks about generalizations of our methods.     

Direct test of a nonlinear constitutive equation for simple turbulent shear flows using DNS data

Several nonlinear constitutive equations have been proposed to overcome the limitations of the linear eddy-viscosity models to describe complex turbulent flows. These nonlinear equations have often been compared to experimental data through the outputs of numerical models. Here we perform a priori analysis of nonlinear eddy-viscosity models using direct numerical simulation (DNS) of simple shear flows. In this paper, the constitutive equation is directly checked using a tensor projection which involves several invariants of the flow. This provides a 3 terms development which is exact for 2D flows, and a best approximation for 3D flows. We provide the quadratic nonlinear constitutive equation for the near-wall region of simple shear flows using DNS data, and estimate their coefficients. We show that these coefficients have several common properties for the different simple shear flow databases considered. We also show that in the central region of pipe flows, where the shear rate is very small, the coefficients of the constitutive equation diverge, indicating the failure of this representation for vanishing shears.     

Extended Toda Lattice

We introduce nonlocal flows that commute with those of the classical Toda hierarchy. We define a logarithm of the difference Lax operator and use it to obtain a Lax representation of the new flows.     

Heavy-traffic limits for stationary network flows

This paper studies stationary customer flows in an open queueing network. The flows are the processes counting customers flowing from one queue to another or out of the network. We establish the existence of unique stationary flows in generalized Jackson networks and convergence to the stationary flows as time increases. We establish heavy-traffic limits for the stationary flows, allowing an arbitrary subset of the queues to be critically loaded. The heavy-traffic limit with a single bottleneck queue is especially tractable because it yields limit processes involving one-dimensional reflected Brownian motion. That limit plays an important role in our new nonparametric decomposition approximation of the steady-state performance using indices of dispersion and robust optimization.

     

On the sensitivity of sectional-Anosov flows

We study sectional-Anosov flows on compact 3-manifolds for which the maximal invariant and nonwandering sets coincide. We prove that every vector field close to one of these flows is sensitive with respect to initial conditions.     

Mittag-leffler process

First-order autoregressive Mittag-Leffler process is studied. Methods for generating dependent (first-order autoregressive Markovian) sequences of random variables with Mittag-Leffier marginal distributions are discussed. Comparison of the first-order autoregressive Mittag-Leffler process with the first-order autoregressive exponential process of Gaver and Lewis [1] is done. As an application, the first-order autoregressive Mittag-Leffier process is fitted to weakly stream flows of the Kallada River in Kerala, India.     

Invariant hypersurface flows in centro-affne geometry

In this paper, the invariant geometric flows for hypersurfaces in centro-affine geometry are explored.We first present evolution equations of the centro-affine invariants corresponding to the geometric flows. Based on these fundamental evolution equations, we show that the centro-affine heat flow for hypersurfaces is equivalent to a system of ordinary differential equations, which can be solved explicitly. Finally, the centro-affine invariant normal flows for hypersurfaces are investigated, and two specific flows are provided to illustrate the behaviour of the flows.     

Expansive measures for flows

We extend the concept of expansive measure [2] from homeomorphism to flows. We prove for continuous flows on compact spaces that every expansive measure has no singularities in the support, is aperiodic, is expansive with respect to time-T maps (but not conversely), remains expansive under topological equivalence, vanishes along the orbits and is natural under suspensions. We apply these properties to prove that there are no expansive flows (in the sense of [26]) of any closed surface.     

Short-Time Existence for Some Higher-Order Geometric Flows

We establish short-time existence and regularity for higher-order flows generated by a class of polynomial natural tensors that, after an adjustment by the Lie derivative of the metric with respect to a suitable vector field, have strongly parabolic linearizations. We apply this theorem to flows by powers of the Laplacian of the Ricci tensor, and to flows generated by the ambient obstruction tensor. As a special case, we prove short-time existence for a type of Bach flow.     

Geometric aspects of transversal Killing spinors on Riemannian flows

We study a Killing spinor type equation on spin Riemannian flows. We prove integrability conditions and partially classify those flows carrying non-trivial solutions.