HPLC with Column Switching Coupled to APCI–MS for Pharmacokinetic Study of Amygdalin in Rabbit Plasma

A fast and validated assay was established for the pharmacokinetic study of amygdalin in Armeniacae Semen in rabbit. The method involved column switching (CS) enrichment, separation, post-column derivatization, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometric detection. Plasma sample was enriched by CS using a MAYI-ODS as the first column. Analytes of interest were isolated and analyzed on a second column of Zorbax SB-C₁₈. To detect amygdalin in plasma samples, a T-piece was connected between the HPLC outlet and the APCI source to add a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol to the eluent by an isocratic pump. Calibration graphs showed good linearity over a range of 1.0–1,280 ng mL⁻¹. The detection limit was 0.2 ng mL⁻¹. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were within 3.9%. The method was successfully applied to a study of the pharmacokinetics of amygdalin after an intravenous injection of amygdalin extracts to rabbits with a dose of 400 mg kg⁻¹. The results indicate that amygdalin is a one-compartment open model with a first order absorption phase.     

家兔血液中西咪替丁的微透析-毛细管电泳测定研究

本文报道用微透析毛细管电泳测定家兔血液中的西咪替丁。研究发现,采用如下条件:100mmol/LpH2.5的磷酸盐缓冲液,分离电压17kV,电动进样9kV×9s,西咪替丁与雷尼替丁能达到基线分离,据此以雷尼替丁为内标建立了一种测定西咪替丁的方法。西咪替丁与雷尼替丁峰面积比与相应的西咪替丁浓度在8.0×10-9～4.0×10-7g/mL范围内呈线性关系(r=0.998),检出限为5.0×10-9g/mL。药物代谢动力学参数由“NDST21”计算软件求得,代谢符合一室开放模型。     

凝胶渗透净化–超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定橙汁中链格孢霉毒素

建立橙汁中4种链格孢霉毒素含量测定的凝胶渗透–超高效液相色谱–串联质谱检测方法。样品用乙腈提取后,用填料为Bio-Beads-S–X3的凝胶渗透色谱柱净化,净化时流动相采用乙酸乙酯–环己烷(体积比为1∶1),流速为5 mL/min,测定时用超高效液相反相C18色谱柱分离,甲醇–水系统梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾负离子源和多反应监测(MRM)模式定性和定量。4种链格孢霉毒素的最低定量限在0.0004～0.002 mg/kg范围内,加标回收率为78.9%～111.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均低于9.0%(n=10)。     

微透析联用反相高效液相色谱对大鼠皮肤葛根素的药代动力学研究

采用在体微透析取样技术联用RP-HPLC的方法对大鼠皮肤中的葛根素进行了体内药代动力学的考察.将微透析探针进行体内外校正后,植入大鼠皮下,以磷酸盐缓冲溶液作为灌流液,收集的样品在以Hypersil-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)为色谱柱,流动相为V(甲醇)∶ V(0.1% 醋酸)＝30∶ 70,流速1 mL/min,检测波长221 nm的HPLC色谱条件下进行分析,所得的大鼠皮下游离葛根素浓度用Kinetica软件进行处理.结果显示:微透析探针体内外校正结果显示葛根素适宜应用微透析技术,在所建立的HPLC条件下葛根素在0.1～100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999, n=6),浓度为100、10和0.1 mg/L的葛根素日内RSD分别为0.38%、0.80%和1.21%(n=6);日间RSD分别为0.44%、0.73%和1.68%(n=6),所得数据经Kinetica软件拟合后,得到大鼠皮下非结合葛根素药-时曲线和主要药动学参数.所建立的微透析联用RP-HPLC方法能够在体、实时监测大鼠皮下葛根素浓度.     

微渗析活体取样-高效液相色谱电化学检测法测定鼠脑中的单胺类神经递质

采用微渗析活体取样技术和高效液相色谱电化学检测法,测定了鼠脑纹状体中的3种单胺类神经递质多巴胺(DA)、3,4二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)和5羟吲哚乙酸(5HIAA)。在3.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol/L浓度范围内,DA、DOPAC和5HIAA的浓度分别与氧化峰的峰电流呈良好的线性关系。通过在灌流液中加入1.0×10-5mol/L的NO释放剂硝普钠(SNP),研究了NO对DA释放的影响,结果表明:受NO刺激后纹状体中DA的量为基础水平的150%。     

微渗析-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极液相色谱电化学检测应用于药物与蛋白结合的研究

本文研制了一种新型的羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰电极作为色谱电化学检测器。实验结果表明,6 巯基嘌呤浓度在4.0×10-7～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内与其峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。此外,将该方法与微渗析取样技术相结合,实现了对6 巯基嘌呤(6 MP)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用的研究,测得6 MP与BSA的结合常数和结合位点数分别为3.97×103(mol/L)-1和1.51。     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定饮用水中微囊藻毒素

建立饮用水中微囊藻毒素(MC–RR,MC–LR)的超高效液相色谱–串联质谱检测方法。样品经PVDF针式过滤头过滤后直接进样,采用喷雾正离子源(ESI~+)和多重反应监测模式(MRM)测定。MC–RR的质量浓度在0.02~10.00μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r~2=0.998 9,检出限为0.096μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.6%~9.1%(n=7),加标回收率为99.0%~103.0%。MC–LR的质量浓度在0.1~20μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r~2=0.999 2,检出限为0.188μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.3%~10.0%(n=7),加标回收率为93.0%~114.0%。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于饮用水中微囊藻毒素的检测。     

Quantification of Clarithromycin in Human Plasma by UPLC-MS-MS

A selective, rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantitative determination and pharmacokinetic study of clarithromycin in human plasma. The analyte was extracted from human plasma under alkaline condition with diethyl ether. Separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 μm) with gradient elution at a flow-rate of 0.30 mL min^?1. The mobile phase was 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 6.8) and acetonitrile. The detection was performed on a triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 1–3,000 ng mL^?1, with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 ng mL^?1. The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) values were below 10% and accuracy (RE) ranged from ?7.2 to 6.1% at all QC levels. The method was utilized to support clinical pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers following oral administration of clarithromycin extended release tablets.     

Determination of Paclitaxel in Human Plasma by UPLC-MS-MS

A sensitive and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandam mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of paclitaxel is established. A 200 microL human plasma sample is spiked with 13C6-labeled paclitaxel as an internal standard and extracted with 1.3 mL of tert-butyl methyl ether. The chromatographic separation is achieved within 2 min on a C18 column with methanol-0.1% aqueous formic acid (75:25, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring mass transitions of m/z 876.2 to 307.9 and 882.2 to 313.9 are measured for paclitaxel and the internal standard, respectively. For paclitaxel at the concentrations of 1.021, 5.105, and 10.21 microg/mL in human plasma, the extraction recoveries are 105.87%, 103.91%, and 100.39%, respectively. The linear quantitation range of the method is 0.1021-20.42 microg/mL in human plasma with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. The intra- and inter-day accuracy for paclitaxel at 1.021, 5.105, and 10.21 microg/mL levels in human plasma fell in the ranges of 95.01-99.23% and 95.29-101.28%, and the intra- and inter-day precision were in the ranges of 6.37-10.88% and 7.21-9.05%, respectively. This method is successfully applied to the determination of the half-life of paclitaxel in human plasma.     

A Microdialysis Probe Coupled with A Miniaturized Thermal Glucose Sensor for In Vivo Monitoring

Abstract

A miniaturized thermal flow injection analysis biosensor has been coupled with a microdialysis probe for continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring. Thermal biosensors are based on the principle of measuring the heat evolved during enzyme catalysed reactions. The system presented here consists of a miniaturized thermal biosensor with a small column containing coimmibolized glucose oxidase and catalase. The analysis buffer passes through the column at a flow rate of 60μL/min via an 1μL sample loop which is connected to a microdialysis probe.

Invitro results showed constant permeability of the probe and stability of the biosensor response during 24 hours. The response time was 85 sec giving a sample rate of 42 samples/hour.

During a load experiment, the glucose profile in a healthy volunteer was followed both in the subcutaneous tissue and blood using the microdialysis set-up proposed and comparing to blood glucose analyser.     

Determination of the Interaction of Arsenic and Human Serum Albumin by Online Microdialysis Coupled to LC with Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Study on the stoichiometry and affinity of the arsenicals bound to HSA is an important step toward a better understanding of arsenic toxic effects. After incubation of As^III or As^V with HSA at the physiological conditions (pH 7.43 and 37 °C), the free arsenicals and arsenic-HSA complexes were separated and detected by the combined techniques of microdialysis and liquid chromatography with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (MD–LC–HGAFS). The decrease of As^III peak response rather than As^V indicated that HSA reacted with As^III but not As^V. The binding plots indicated that the binding between HSA and As^III was in Scatchard pattern when the concentration ratios of As^III to HSA were ≤1:1. The strong binding sites (n ₁) were 1.6 and the stability constant (K ₁) was 1.54 × 10⁶ M^?1. When the concentration ratios of As^III to HSA were >1:1, the binding was in Plasvento pattern with the stability constant K ₂ ? 0 and no specific binding of As^III with HSA. On the contrary, As^V did not show binding with HSA. The results showed that As^III reacted with HSA more readily than As^V, which provides a chemical basis for arsenic toxicity.     

Determination of the Interaction of Arsenic and Human Serum Albumin by Online Microdialysis Coupled to LC with Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Study on the stoichiometry and affinity of the arsenicals bound to HSA is an important step toward a better understanding of arsenic toxic effects. After incubation of As^III or As^V with HSA at the physiological conditions (pH 7.43 and 37 °C), the free arsenicals and arsenic-HSA complexes were separated and detected by the combined techniques of microdialysis and liquid chromatography with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (MD–LC–HGAFS). The decrease of As^III peak response rather than As^V indicated that HSA reacted with As^III but not As^V. The binding plots indicated that the binding between HSA and As^III was in Scatchard pattern when the concentration ratios of As^III to HSA were ≤1:1. The strong binding sites (n ₁) were 1.6 and the stability constant (K ₁) was 1.54 × 10⁶ M⁻¹. When the concentration ratios of As^III to HSA were >1:1, the binding was in Plasvento pattern with the stability constant K ₂ ≅ 0 and no specific binding of As^III with HSA. On the contrary, As^V did not show binding with HSA. The results showed that As^III reacted with HSA more readily than As^V, which provides a chemical basis for arsenic toxicity.

     

UPLC-MS—MS法测定血液中5种吩噻嗪类药物

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血液中5种吩噻嗪类药物的方法。血液样品经过沉淀蛋白后,在HSSSBC18色谱柱上,经乙腈-0．1％甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱分离,用液相色谱-串联质谱仪以电喷雾电离（ESI＋）、多反应监泖l（MRM）方式进行分析。血液样本中异丙嗪、泰尔登、氯丙嗪、奋乃静、三氟拉嗪提取回收率分剐为62％-65％,71％-97％,66％-107％,72％-95％,77％-96％,检出限分别为0．02,0．01,0．01,0．01,0．01ng／mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于7％（n=6）。线性范围为0．05-20ng／mL,相关系数大于0．999。该方法适用于血液中吩噻嗪类药物的分析。     

Measurement of Total and Unbound Mycophenolic Acid and Its Glucuronide by LC Coupled with MS. Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases

Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the determination of total and unbound mycophenolic acid and its major metabolite in human plasma has been developed. Sample preparations were based on a fully automated solid-phase extraction process and ultrafiltration. Mass spectrometric data were acquired in a single-ion monitoring method. The analytes and nevirapine (internal standard) were well separated in an isocratic mode over 8 min. Validation study exhibited excellent linearity, with intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of less than 12%. The assay was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolic acid in patients with autoimmune diseases.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定银杏中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了银杏叶中15种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的超高效液相色谱一串联质谱测定方法。样品经乙腈提取,TPT固相萃取柱净化,通过XTerra MS Cl8色谱柱分离,供串联质谱测定。15种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0．02-0．5mg／L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0．9962-0．9999;在0．004,0．01,0．02,0．04mg／kg4个添加水平下,其平均回收率为65．22％-96．66％,相对标准偏差为1．43％-10．06％（n=5）。该方法净化效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足银杏叶中15种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的检验要求。     

Simultaneous Quantitation of Tetrahydropalmatine and Protopine in Rabbit Plasma by HPLC–PAD, and Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with photodiode-array detection (HPLC–PAD) has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of dl-tetrahydropalmatine (dl-THP) and protopine (PTP), two active constituents of the herbal medicine Rhizoma Corydalis, in rabbit plasma. The pharmacokinetics of dl-THP and PTP were researched in rabbits after oral administration of extracts of Rhizoma Corydalis. Optimum separation was achieved on a reversed-phase column with methanol–phosphate buffer (pH 7.75, 65:35, v/v) as mobile phase. The experimental results showed the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the method were satisfactory for simultaneous determination of dl-THP and PTP at low, middle, and high concentrations. The lower limits of quantitation were 2.05 ng mL^?1 for dl-THP and 2.10 ng mL^?1 for PTP. Plasma concentration–time data for dl-THP were best fitted by the two-compartment linear pharmacokinetic model whereas data for PTP were best fitted by the one-compartment model.     

Determination of 6-Mercaptopurine in Rat Blood by Microdialysis Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography on a Functionalized Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode

Introduction Sincecarbonnanotubeswerediscoveredin 1991,theyhaveattractedmuchattentionbecause oftheirremarkablenanostructureswithhighsur- facearea,highelectricalconductivity,goodchemi- calstabilityandsignificantmechanicalstrength[1]. Reportshavealreadybeenpublishedonthecata- lyst[2],nanoscaleelectronicandmechanicalsys- tems[3],andscannedprobemicroscopesandelec- tronfieldemissiontips[4].Itwasreportedthatcar- bonnanotubescouldbemadeintocarbonnan- otubeselectrodesandhavebeensuccessfullyused intheo…     

UPLC-MS-MS Method for the Determination of N-(2,6-Dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-9-methylcarbazole-3-sulfonamide in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study

The purpose of the study is first to develop a sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) method for the determination of a new synthesized tubulin ligand, N-(2,6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-9-methylcarbazole-3-sulfonamide (IG-105), in rat plasma. The analyte and internal standard (carbamazepine) were extracted by liquid/liquid extraction with petroleum ether/diethyl ether (2:1, v/v). The chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ column with a mobile phase gradient consisting of methanol and water. The mass spectrometric detection was performed by triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) via an ESI source operating in positive ionization mode. The mass transitions m/z 398??153 and m/z 237??194 were used to assay the analyte and IS, respectively. The method demonstrated good linearity over a concentration range of 0.67?C333.33 ng mL^?1, and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of IG-105 was 0.67 ng mL^?1. The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation) values were <6%, and the accuracy (relative error) was <5% at three quality control levels. The extraction recovery of IG-105 and IS was 84.45 and 88.5%, respectively. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of IG-105 in rat plasma.     

UPLC-MS-MS法快速测定含乳冷冻饮品中氯霉素残留量

建立了UPLC-MS-MS法测定含乳冷冻饮品中氯霉素的含量。样品经高氯酸沉淀蛋白,乙酸乙酯提取,浓缩干燥,流动相溶解,正己烷脱脂后,采用ACQUITYUPLCBHEC18色谱柱分离,以1％甲酸水溶液一乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,利用电喷雾质谱负离子监测模式对氯霉素进行检测。氯霉素浓度在0．1～100．0ng／mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0．9986。加标回收率为81．5％～103．4％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．72％-3,18％（n=5）,以3倍信噪比计算方法的检出限为0．1μg／kg。     

Biological Fingerprinting Analysis of Interaction Between Taxoids in Taxus and Microtubule Protein by Microdialysis Coupled with High-performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Screening Antimicrotubule Agents

Some natural products, such as traditional Chinese medicines（TCMs）, contain compounds with anticancer activity and have attracted a great interest in recent years as alternative anticancer therapies. A quick and convenient assay for screening antimicrotubule compounds in which in vitro microdialysis/high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） is used to monitor the binding of the compounds extracted from TCM Taxus cuspidata Siebold ＆ Zucc（Taxus） to microtubules is reported. It was observed that the extract of Taxus contains at least five compounds which have affinity interaction with microtubules by biological fingerprinting analysis, and they were identified as the taxoids of taxol, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ（10-DAB）, cephalomannine and 7-epi-10-deacetyltaxol （7-epi-10-DAT） based on the comparison of their high-performance liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric and UV spectra with those of the standard samples, both assembly-promoting and disassembly-inhibiting characteristics of those compounds were evaluated. It was observed that baccatin Ⅲ and 10-DAB bound to microtubules and the binding degrees were influenced by GTP. Competitive binding behavior of taxol with other four taxoids to microtubules was also investigated.