中空纤维液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中残留的氨基甲酸酯类农药

应用中空纤维液相微萃取(HP-LPME)技术建立了水样中呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的高效液相色谱分析方法。对影响HP-LPME的实验条件进行了优化。采用Accurel Q3/2聚丙烯中空纤维,以甲苯为萃取溶剂,于室温、搅拌速度为720 r/min条件下在4.5 mL样品溶液中萃取20 min,萃取物在室温下经氮气流吹干后用流动相溶解进样。采用Baseline C18分离柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0 μm),以甲醇-水(体积比为60∶40) 为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min。呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的检测波长分别为200,223,200和208 nm。该方法对4种氨基甲酸酯类农药的富集倍数均大于45倍;4种氨基甲酸酯类农药在10~100 μg/L质量浓度范围内,其质量浓度与峰面积之间有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的检出限(S/N=3)分别为5,1,5和3 μg/L;实际水样中的加标回收率为82.0%~102.2%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～6.2%(n=6)。     

三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量双酚A

建立了三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱(HF-LPME-HPLC)方法,用于分析测定水中痕量双酚A的含量.设计了三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取系统,优化的HP-LPME最佳萃取条件为:萃取剂为正辛醇,接受相NaOH浓度为0.09 mol/L,样品溶液pH=4.0,NaC1加入量为30 g/L,搅拌速度为900 r/min,萃取时间为60 min.萃取后取20 μL接受相进行色谱分析.在最佳萃取条件下,方法的线性范围为0.5～200 μg/L(r＞ 0.999),检出限(信噪比为3)为0.2 μg/L;富集因子为241;方法RSD＜3.2％ (n=3).在实际环境水样中添加5,20和50μg/L的双酚A标准物质,加标平均回收率为92.8％～101.9％.表明本方法可用于水中痕量双酚A的快速准确测定.     

水和生物体液中曲马多镇痛药的中空纤维膜液相微萃取

使用中空纤维膜液相微萃取技术(LPME-HFM)建立了从水和生物样品(尿和血浆)中提取曲马多的方法。在室温(20 ℃)下用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜过滤提取样品。萃取过程中用4 μL甲苯作为萃取溶剂。用度冷丁作为内标,气相色谱法-氢火焰离子化检测器分析测定,最低检测限达0.01 mg/L(自来水、尿)或0.05 mg/L(血浆)。和传统的液液萃取方法相比,该方法集萃取和浓缩一步完成,更简便、快速、绿色环保。     

Enhancement of Sensitivity for Determination of Phenols in Environmental Water Samples by Single-drop Liquid Phase Microextraction Using Ionic Liquid prior to HPLC

In recent years, single-drop liquid phase microextraction (LPME) has attracted great attentions, and provides some merits including rapidness, simplicity, and low cost. In general, there are two modes of LPME sampling: direct-immersed LPME (DI-LPME) and h…     

液相微萃取／高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的痕量苯脲类除草剂

建立了液相微萃取／高效液相色谱联用(LPME／HPLC)技术同时测定环境水中痕量异丙隆、秀谷隆和灭草隆除草剂的分析方法.考察了不同萃取条件及测定条件对检测结果的影响.优化后的萃取条件为:6μL正辛醇作萃取剂,液滴体积3μL,搅拌速度450 r/min,萃取30 min.结果表明,在优化条件下,3种除草剂的质量浓度在0....     

Cooling-Assisted Headspace Hollow Fiber-Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction Setup for Direct Determination of PAHs in Solid Samples by Using Volatile Solvents

To reinforce the extraction efficiency of the liquid- and solid-phase microextraction methods, different cooling-assisted setups have been employed, most of which are complicated, expensive, tedious, and do not show good performances due to indirect transfer of cold to the extraction phase. In this research, a simple, low-cost and effective cooling-assisted headspace hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction (CA-HS-HF-LPME) device was fabricated and evaluated, which is able to directly cool down the extraction phase in different modes of LPME. It was coupled to GC-FID and utilized for the direct determination of PAHs in contaminated soil samples using volatile organic solvents. Different effective experimental variables including type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time and temperature, and temperature of the cooled organic solvent were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions (e.g., organic extracting solvent: 3 µL of acetone; extraction time: 20 min; extraction temperature: 90 °C; and temperature of cooled organic drop: −25 °C), good linearity of calibration curves (R ² > 0.99) was obtained in a concentration range of 1–10,000 ng g⁻¹. The limits of detection (LODs) were obtained over the range of 0.01–0.1 ng g⁻¹. The relative standard deviations (RSD%, n = 6) of 0.1 µg g⁻¹ PAHs were found to be 4.7–10.1 %. The CA-HS-HF-LPME-GC-FID method was successfully used for the direct determination of PAHs in contaminated soil and plant samples, with no sample manipulation. The results were in agreement with those obtained by a validated ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UA-SE) method.

     

基于离子液体的液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中有机磷农药

建立了基于1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体的液相微萃取-高效液相色谱分析水样中甲拌磷、对硫磷和辛硫磷的方法。考察了萃取溶剂、萃取溶剂与样品溶液体积比、萃取时间、萃取温度和搅拌速度对液相微萃取的影响。在优化的萃取条件下,甲拌磷、对硫磷、辛硫磷3种农药的富集倍数分别为665、630和553倍;方法有好的线性范围(0.01-1μL/L)和低的检出限(0.001-0.01μL/L,S/N=3)。对0.1μL/L的甲拌磷,对硫磷和辛硫磷测定3次的相对标准偏差分别为3.44%、10.50%和2.41%。     

LC Determination of Mono-Substituted Phenols in Water Using Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Phase Microextraction

A simple liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction device of new design was used to pre-concentrate phenols from water samples before liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis. Extraction was induced by the pH difference inside and outside an organic phase located at the interface. The pH of the donor phase outside the organic phase was adjusted to 1 with HCl whereas the acceptor phase was a basic solution at pH 13. On stirring neutral phenols were extracted into the organic solvent then back-extracted into 1 μL of basic acceptor solution suspended from the tip of a micro syringe. The acceptor phase was then withdrawn into the micro syringe and injected directly into the LC. The technique uses a low-cost disposable extraction ‘device’ and is very convenient to operate. Up to 230-fold enrichment of analytes could be achieved. This procedure could also serve as a sample clean-up step because neutral and basic compounds were not extracted into the acceptor phase. The RSD (n = 5) was better than 6.2% and the linear calibration range was from 1 to 1000 µg–L⁻¹ with r ² ≥ 0.992.Optimization of experimental conditions (rate of stirring, ionic strength of the sample solution, concentration of reagents, time of extraction, and organic solvent volume) were also examined. The method was applied to the determination of phenols in tap and well waters.Revised: 14 February and 29 March 2005     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水样中4种头孢菌素的含量

基于中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱(HF-LPME/HPLC),建立了水样中痕量头孢唑林(CZO)、头孢呋辛(CXM)、头孢他定(CAZ)和头孢西丁(FOX) 4种头孢菌素残留的检测方法。优化得到最佳萃取条件:萃取溶剂为1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Omin]PF_6),辅助萃取溶剂为10%三正辛基氧膦(TOPO),样品溶液pH值为2.5,萃取时间为20 min,萃取温度为30℃,搅拌速率为600 r/min。以Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)为色谱柱,以0.05 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 4.0)-乙腈(9∶1,体积比)为流动相,4种头孢菌素可在7 min内完全分离。结果表明4种头孢菌素的线性关系良好,富集倍数为45～78倍,检出限为0.2～0.7 ng/mL,回收率为83.2%～102%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.8%。该方法简单高效,检测成本低,溶剂用量少,绿色环保,灵敏度高,对水样中痕量头孢菌素残留的富集能力强。     

Fast Analysis of Synthetic Pyrethroid Metabolites in Water Samples Using In-Syringe Derivatization Coupled Hollow Fiber Mediated Liquid Phase Microextraction with GC-ECD

A fast and efficient method has been demonstrated for the trace determination of six important metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids including cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis- and trans-Cl₂CA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-Br₂CA), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 2-phenoxybenzoic acid (2-PBA) in environmental water samples using hollow fiber (HF)-mediated liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) coupled with in-syringe derivatization (ISD) followed by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD) analysis. This method utilizes a HF membrane segment impregnated with extraction solvent as the LPME sampling probe, which was connected to a microsyringe pre-filled with derivatizing agents, and it was immersed into sample solution for extraction. After extraction, the extracting solution was subjected to derivatization reaction that was performed inside the syringe barrel followed by GC-ECD analysis. Under optimal conditions, the best extraction efficiency was obtained using sampling probe (2.0 cm hollow fiber) impregnated with 1-octanol immersed into water sample (5.0 mL, adjusted pH below 1.0) and stirring (1,250 rpm) for 10 min at 70 °C and diisopropylcarbodiimide (2 μL) and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (1 μL) were the derivatizing agents used. The detection limits of 3 ng mL^?1 for cis- and trans-Cl₂CA, 2 ng mL^?1 for cis-Br₂CA, 6 ng mL^?1 for 4-F-3-PBA, and 0.6 ng mL^?1 for 3-PBA and 2-PBA. The method showed good linearity (R ² = 0.973?0.998), repeatability from 4.0 to 13 % (n = 5), recovery from 79.2 to 95.7 %, and enrichment factors ranged between 109 and 159 for target analytes spiked in water samples. The proposed method and conventional methods were compared. Results suggested that the proposed HF-LPME-ISD/GC-ECD method was a rapid, simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly technique for the analysis of metabolites of pyrethroids.     

中空纤维两相液相微萃取技术用于芝麻中共轭亚油酸的测定

基于中空纤维两相液相微萃取提取新技术,建立了芝麻中共轭亚油酸的液相微萃取/高效液相色谱测定的新方法。通过研究萃取剂pH值、萃取时间和搅拌速率的影响,确定了最优化的液相微萃取条件:pH11.0的KOH溶液为萃取剂,萃取时间为30 min,搅拌速率为1 000 r/min。采用高效液相色谱法对共轭亚油酸进行定性和定量测定,结果表明,该方法的线性范围宽,相关系数(r2)为0.993,检出限(S/N=3)为17μg/L,相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.9%,共轭亚油酸的富集倍数为12.4倍。用于3种不同品牌芝麻中共轭亚油酸的分析,回收率为81.4%～94.8%。本法为植物中共轭亚油酸的分析检测提供了一种简捷有效的方法,可为乳品、植物油等其他复杂基质样品中共轭亚油酸的检测提供有效参考。     

三相中空纤维液相微萃取-离子色谱法测定环境水中苯酚含量

提出了离子色谱法测定环境水中苯酚含量的方法。样品采用三相中空纤维液相微萃取法萃取,以正辛醇为萃取溶剂,在600 r·min^-1转速下萃取40 min。经SH-2 Anion色谱柱分离,以12 mmol·L^-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液洗脱。苯酚的质量浓度在1.00～500μg·L^-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限（3S/N）为0.8μg·L^-1。方法用于地表水中苯酚的测定,加标回收率在90.1%～109%之间。     

水中酚类化合物的液-液-液微萃取/ 高效液相色谱联用分析研究

建立了液-液-液微萃取/高效液相色谱联用(LLLME/HPLC)测定环境水中痕量酚类化合物2-甲基苯酚、2-硝基苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚的分析方法,研究了有机相溶剂种类及其体积、料液相pH值与离子强度、接受相的体积、组成及浓度和搅拌速率、萃取时间等因素对分析物萃取效率的影响。实验结果表明,该方法对酚类化合物的富集倍数可达到404~747倍,方法的线性范围为0.2~300μg/L,RSD(n=6)为6.8%~11.4%。测定加标自来水、江水以及生活污水样品的回收率为83%~110%。     

快速制备镍钛合金固相微萃取纤维及其与高效液相色谱联用测定环境水样中的紫外线吸收剂

以镍钛合金丝为基体,通过酸处理方法制得具有大比表面积的固相微萃取(SPME)纤维氧化物涂层。将其与高效液相色谱联用,研究了氧化物涂层对芳香分析物的萃取性能。结果表明,该纤维对所选择的紫外线吸收剂具有良好的萃取效率和选择性。进一步优化了紫外线吸收剂2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-3)、2-乙基己基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯(EHMC)、4-(二甲氨基)苯甲酸-2-乙基己酯(OD-PABA)和2-乙基己基水杨酸酯(EHS)的萃取条件。方法在0.1~300μg·L~(-1)范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.025~0.097μg·L~(-1),使用单支SPME纤维同日内和隔日内的精密度分别为4.9%~5.8%和5.5%~6.4%,使用不同批次SPME纤维的精密度为6.3%~7.1%。所建立方法已成功用于环境水样中目标紫外线吸收剂的富集分离和测定。该纤维制作快速简单、稳定性高,不同批次制作的重现性好。     

中空纤维液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中3种除草剂残留量

应用中空纤维液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中二氯喹啉酸、特丁噻草隆、戊炔草胺等3种除草剂的残留量。样品以聚丙烯中空纤维为支撑,正辛醇萃取,以600r·min-1转速在40℃的条件下萃取20min。所得净化液以Inertsil ODS-SP C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-水(82+18)混合液为流动相,在检测波长220nm处进行测定。3种除草剂在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.20~0.35μg·L-1之间。以地表水样为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在90.6%~106%之间。方法的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.1%~6.8%之间。     

Determination of Methadone in Biological Samples Using Liquid Phase Microextraction with Back Extraction Combined with LC

Liquid phase microextraction with back extraction (LPME-BE) combined with liquid chromatography-ultra violet (LC-UV) was applied for the extraction and determination of methadone in biological fluids. At the optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 386 and detection limit (LOD) of 0.2 μg L^?1 were obtained. The calibration curve was linear (r ² = 0.989) in the concentration range of 0.6–1,000 μg L^?1. Within-day relative standard deviation RSD (S/N = 3) and between-day RSD were 2.7 and 5.9%, respectively. The feasibility of the proposed method was evaluated by extraction and determination of methadone in plasma and urine samples and satisfactory results were obtained.     

Determination of Hg(II) in Environmental Water Samples by Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction Combined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

In this study, a method of dispersive liquid phase microextraction combined with the flame atomic absorption spectrometry was proposed for the determination of trace Hg using diphenylthiocarbazone as chelating reagent. Several factors which have effect on the microextraction efficiency of Hg, such as pH, extraction and dispersive solvent type and their volume, concentration of the chelating agent, extraction time were investigated, and the optimized experimental conditions were established. After extraction, the enrichment factor was 68. The detection limit of the method was 45 ng mL^?1, and the relative standard deviation for eight determinations of 2 μg mL^?1 Hg was 1.7%. The results for the determination of Hg in environmental water samples (tap water, well water, mineral water and Caspian sea water) have demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method.     

中空纤维支载离子液体液液微萃取法检测环境水体中的三氯生

三氯生(5 Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol,TCS)是一种新型环境水体污染物,具有潜在的生态与健康风险,因此发展合适的分析方法来检测水环境中这类化合物极其必要.本研究以1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸离子液体( [C8 MIM][PF6])为萃取剂,基于中空纤维的离子液体液液微萃取方法,结合HPLC/UV用于环境水样中TCS的分析测定;通过对各参数(萃取剂、供体相的体积、供体相pH值、离子强度、萃取时间等)的优化在最优条件下(样品相体积为50 mL,pH值2,盐浓度为0.2 mol/L,200 r/min振荡萃取8 h),获得了较高的富集倍数(907倍)、较低的检出限(0.05 μg/L,RSD=7.4％,n=6)和较好的线性范围(0.1～100 μg/L);以4种环境水样加标实验对方法的准确性进行评估,其回收率可达94.2％～108.5％(RSD=5.5％～8.0％,n=6);本方法可广泛应用于环境水体中痕量TCS的分析检测.     

固相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水中的微囊藻毒素

采用CWX/DVB萃取头,应用固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术(SPME/HPLC)分析了水溶液中的痕量微囊藻毒素。对SPME的萃取条件进行了优化,并对实际水样进行了分析。该方法测定MC-LR(LR型微囊藻毒素)的线性范围为1.00~200μg/L,相关系数为0.999 5,检出限为0.45μg/L(3σ,n=11),相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%,回收率为90%~99%。该方法测定MC-RR(RR型微囊藻毒素)的线性范围为1.00~100μg/L,相关系数为0.998 8,检出限为0.15μg/L(3σ,n=11),RSD为2.4%,回收率为89%~100%。