A neutron diffractometer with a linear position sensitive detector

A powder diffractometer with a linear position sensitive detector (PSD) has been designed and fabricated at BARC. The system is in operation at Dhruva reactor. The PSD has been tested for the position linearity and the uniformity of efficiency. The resolution Δd/d of the diffractometer has been found to be 1·3%. The data can be analyzed using profile refinement technique.     

A possibility of parallel and anti-parallel diffraction measurements on neutron diffractometer employing bent perfect crystal monochromator at the monochromatic focusing condition

In a conventional diffractometer having single monochromator, only one position, parallel position, is used for the diffraction experiment (i.e. detection) because the resolution property of the other one, anti-parallel position, is very poor. However, a bent perfect crystal (BPC) monochromator at monochromatic focusing condition can provide a quite flat and equal resolution property at both parallel and anti-parallel positions and thus one can have a chance to use both sides for the diffraction experiment. From the data of the FWHM and the Δd/d measured on three diffraction geometries (symmetric, asymmetric compression and asymmetric expansion), we can conclude that the simultaneous diffraction measurement in both parallel and anti-parallel positions can be achieved.     

用于中子衍射的原位应力加载装置

一种小型化的应力加载系统,配合中子衍射应力谱仪可实现对多晶材料的原位测量,为进一步获得材料内部相、织构与应力演化的原位中子衍射实验结果,建立基于微观机制的材料宏观本构模型提供可能。该系统利用伺服电机提供动力,机架使用7050铝合金材料制造,系统的拉伸强度可达10 kN,运动速度可调（1 m/s~1 mm/s）。试样拉伸（压缩）时,S型传感器内部应变片变形产生电压信号,再经PLC处理后得到试样应力与应变之间关系。通过与英斯特朗5967实验拉伸机针对同一钢质试样进行对比实验发现,应力-应变曲线一致性良好。     

Thermal neutron polarisation

The basic principle for the production of polarised thermal neutrons is discussed and the choice of various crystal monochromators surveyed. Brief mention of broad-spectrum polarisers is made. The application of polarised neutrons to the study of magnetisation density distributions in magnetic crystals, the dynamic concept of polarisation, principle and use of polarisation analysis, the neutron spin-echo technique are discussed.     

An empirical formula for scattered neutron components in fast neutron radiography

Scattering neutrons are one of the key factors that may affect the images of fast neutron radiog- raphy. In this paper, a mathematical model for scattered neutrons is developed on a cylinder sample, and an empirical formula for scattered neutrons is obtained. According to the results given by Monte Carlo methods, the parameters in the empirical formula are obtained with curve fitting, which confirms the logicality of the empirical formula. The curve-fitted parameters of common materials such as <'6>LiD are given.     

ICF中子产额测量中统计涨落分析及计算

塑料闪烁探测器通常用来测量氘氘、氘氚聚变中子产额。中子在闪烁体中产生的质子数的统计涨落及质子在闪烁体中沉积能量的统计涨落为测量结果引入了两项不确定度分量。以氘氚聚变中子为例,分析了这两种统计涨落的概率密度函数的计算方法,该计算方法也适用于其它能量的单能快中子和塑料闪烁体作用的相应计算。     

An empirical formula for scattered neutron components in fast neutron radiography

Scattering neutrons are one of the key factors that may affect the images of fast neutron radiography. In this paper, a mathematical model for scattered neutrons is developed on a cylinder sample, and an empirical formula for scattered neutrons is obtained. According to the results given by Monte Carlo methods, the parameters in the empirical formula are obtained with curve fitting, which confirms the logicality of the empirical formula. The curve-fitted parameters of common materials such as ⁶LiD are given.     

用于形状记忆材料研究的中子衍射原位温度加载系统

配合中国工程物理研究院的中子衍射应力谱仪开展形状记忆材料的相关研究,设计了一套原位温度加载系统。该系统可为测量样品提供25~800 ℃温度环境,温度控制器采用大林改进算法,有效地消除了温度过冲问题。该系统已开展了多次带束测试,结果表明其结构设计适用于中子衍射实验,温度控制在上升阶段无超调、稳态误差为1 ℃,满足形状记忆材料的温度加载实验要求。     

ICF中子产额测量中统计涨落分析及计算

 塑料闪烁探测器通常用来测量氘氘、氘氚聚变中子产额。中子在闪烁体中产生的质子数的统计涨落及质子在闪烁体中沉积能量的统计涨落为测量结果引入了两项不确定度分量。以氘氚聚变中子为例,分析了这两种统计涨落的概率密度函数的计算方法,该计算方法也适用于其它能量的单能快中子和塑料闪烁体作用的相应计算。     

An automatic evaluation system for NTA film neutron dosimeters

At CERN, neutron personal monitoring for over 4000 collaborators is performed with Kodak NTA films, which have been shown to be the most suitable neutron dosimeter in the radiation environment around high-energy accelerators. To overcome the lengthy and strenuous manual scanning process with an optical microscope, an automatic analysis system has been developed. We report on the successful automatic scanning of NTA films irradiated with ²³⁸Pu---Be source neutrons, which results in densely ionised recoil tracks, as well as on the extension of the method to higher energy neutrons causing sparse and fragmentary tracks. The application of the method in routine personal monitoring is discussed.     

基于JMCT软件的中子活化数值模拟程序的开发和检验北大核心CSCD

中子活化产物和辐射特征的数值模拟程序是研究材料活化效应的重要工具。在JMCT软件的基础上开发了具备材料中子活化效应模拟能力的数值模拟程序,并将其命名为“中子活化数值模拟程序”,旨在将其应用于军控核查、核安全等领域的研究中。对该程序在核弹头内部中子输运和活化计算的准确性进行了验证,发现该程序对核弹头内部中子输运和活化的计算精度优良。利用该程序研究了混凝土地面核素在裂变核材料的裂变中子辐照下的活化效应,计算结果进一步验证了中子活化数值模拟程序的功能。     

An optical study of the D-D neutron irradiation-induced defects in Co-and Cu-doped ZnO wafers

Room-temperature photoluminescence and optical transmittance spectroscopy of Co-doped(1×1014,5×1016,and 1×1017cm-2) and Cu-doped(5×1016cm-2) ZnO wafers irradiated by D-D neutrons(fluence of 2.9×1010 cm-2) have been investigated.After irradiation,the Co or Cu metal and oxide clusters in doped ZnO wafers are dissolved,and the wu¨rtzite structure of ZnO substrate for each sample remains unchanged and keeps in high c-axis preferential orientation.The degree of irradiation-induced crystal disorder reflected from the absorption band tail parameter(E0) is far greater for doped ZnO than the undoped one.Under the same doping concentration,the Cu-doped ZnO wafer has much higher irradiation-induced disorder than the Co-doped one.Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the introduction rate of both the zinc vacancy and the zinc interstitial is much higher for the doped ZnO wafer with a high doping level than the undoped one.In addition,both crystal lattice distortion and defect complexes are suggested to be formed in doped ZnO wafers.Consequently,the Co-or Cu-doped ZnO wafer(especially with a high doping level) exhibits very low radiation hardness compared with the undoped one,and the Cu-doped ZnO wafer is much less radiation-hard than the Co-doped one.     

CSNS反角白光中子源束线控制系统研制

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)反角白光中子源束线主要由中子束窗、中子开关、中子准直器和真空管道等组成。为了保证CSNS反角白光中子源束线安全、稳定、可靠地运行,研制了基于EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)软件架构的控制系统。该系统主要由中子束窗、中子开关及中子准直器的运动控制系统、真空控制系统和控制室三部分组成,实现了对反角白光中子源束线主要设备的远程监测和控制。测试结果表明,该系统具有稳定可靠性高、人机交互友好的特点,很好地满足了反角白光中子源束线运行的需要。     

引入源-样品距离影响的主动中子多重性质量反演公式北大核心CSCD

主动中子多重性计数测量方法是常用的核材料质量无损测量方法,已广泛应用于核材料衡算、核安保测量与军控核查等领域。我们通过对JMCT中子-光子输运程序的二次开发,实现了对经典点模型铀样品质量估算实验的数值模拟,并提出了改进的铀样品质量计算公式。该算法可以显著降低本实验中源-样品耦合与源中子反照等作用对铀样品质量估算精度的影响。建立了主动中子多重性计数测量探测系统模型和32个铀样品半球壳模型,模拟得到了与铀样品距离不同的DT源和AmLi源主动中子多重性计数,利用数值模拟手段检验了质量估算算法的有效性。数值模拟结果表明,改进的铀质量估算算法可以使质量估算的平均偏差率降低到10%以下。     

中子斩盘负载分析和运动控制器设计

为了实现中子波段调节斩盘相位的高速、高精度控制,分析了系统的负载特性并建立了由斩盘实体和驱动电机构成的二质量系统模型。设计了电流、速度和位置串级控制器,根据控制系统的工程设计方法和现代控制理论给出了3个调节器结构选择及参数整定的具体方法。结果表明：在中子斩盘以旋转频率27.5 Hz工作时,其相位控制扰动误差为-1.325 25～1.325 25 s,稳态误差为 -2.583 s,符合中子斩波器应用要求。     

An opposed-anvil-type apparatus with an optical window and a wide-angle aperture for neutron diffraction

We designed new anvil assemblies for acquiring high-quality neutron diffraction data and ruby fluorescence spectra inside a sample chamber. The conical aperture of Ni-binded WC anvils was expanded by a factor of two. A hybrid gasket made of TiZr- and Al-alloy was developed to prevent outward extrusion. A small and optically transparent window of moissanite was introduced to allow for the determination of pressure and hydrostaticity by measurement of ruby fluorescence spectra. High pressure-generation tests that make use of Bi electrical conductivity and ruby pressure markers revealed that pressure could be determined over 10 GPa. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments were also carried out using NaCl as the pressure calibrants. The maximum pressure achieved was approximately 13 GPa. The neutron diffraction intensity from the newly generated anvil assemblies was 2.5–3.0 times greater than that using the standard toroidal anvil assemblies used previously.     

球壳型钚部件中子多重性测量点模型修正算法

针对中子多重性测量技术中点模型假设在军控核查情况下存在的局限性,为提高核查可靠度,研究点模型算法在武器级球壳型钚部件测量中的逻辑悖论,提出了点模型修正算法。在点模型算法中引入自发裂变中子和氧化物次生中子的二阶矩及三阶矩修正因子,获取了修正后的点模型公式。利用探测效率和门份额均为1的理想中子多重性探测器,结合蒙特卡罗模拟平台,研究了修正因子与球壳型钚部件质量、泄漏增殖因子的关系,并定量了该关系,提出利用迭代法求解修正后的点模型公式。结合蒙特卡罗方法对修正算法进行了数值验证,与点模型算法结果比较：修正算法能将质量偏差平均值从-4.70%降低至-0.70%,氧化物含量份额偏差平均值从11.45%降低至2.31%。     

球壳型钚部件中子多重性测量点模型修正算法

针对中子多重性测量技术中点模型假设在军控核查情况下存在的局限性,为提高核查可靠度,研究点模型算法在武器级球壳型钚部件测量中的逻辑悖论,提出了点模型修正算法。在点模型算法中引入自发裂变中子和氧化物次生中子的二阶矩及三阶矩修正因子,获取了修正后的点模型公式。利用探测效率和门份额均为1的理想中子多重性探测器,结合蒙特卡罗模拟平台,研究了修正因子与球壳型钚部件质量、泄漏增殖因子的关系,并定量了该关系,提出利用迭代法求解修正后的点模型公式。结合蒙特卡罗方法对修正算法进行了数值验证,与点模型算法结果比较:修正算法能将质量偏差平均值从-4.70%降低至-0.70%,氧化物含量份额偏差平均值从11.45%降低至2.31%。