ICP-AES法分析灵芝中的微量元素

采用湿法消解,ICP-AES法分析不同原料的两种灵芝子实体、灵芝子实体根部、灵芝混合物、灵芝破壁与不破壁孢子粉中的20种微量元素,Al,As,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Ce,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Ni,P,Pb,S,Se,Zn的含量.结果表明:不同灵芝样品中的矿物元素含量很丰富,其中元素K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,P,S含量较高,主要存在的微量元素有:Cu,CO,Cr,Ni;具有潜在生理毒性的元素为Al,As,Hg,Pb,Cd,抗癌功效元素Se和Ge在所有灵芝样品中并未测得.孢子粉中重金属元素含量相对灵芝原料更低些,灵芝混合物中有添加的功效元素Fe和se,灵芝根部切片样品中的Ca,Cu,Zn含量与其他样品都要高,不同品种的灵芝原料中的微量元素含量存在一定的差异性.     

ICP-AES测定青岛崂山绿茶中的微量元素

采用HNO3-H2O2混合酸,密闭微波消解样品,应用ICP-AES测定青岛崂山绿茶中Al、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Pb、Se、Sr、V和Zn等17种营养元素及重金属元素的含量。测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3.50%,对17种元素的加标回收率在90.0%—110.2%之间,采用该方法测得的茶叶标准物质（GBW10016）的17种元素的值均在标准值范围内,方法准确度高。实验结果表明青岛崂山绿茶中含有大量对人体有益的元素包括Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Se、Sr、V和Zn等,另外也检测到含有Al,Cd和Pb等有毒、有害元素,但是含量很低,对人体的不利影响可以忽略不计。     

ICP-AES法测定车前子中无机元素

采用ICP AES法对我国同属不同品种车前子炮制前后其Se ,Zn ,Mn ,Cu ,Mg ,Fe,Al,Be等无机元素进行了分析测定。该方法的加标回收率为 80 4 %～ 119 7% ,RSD <6 % ,具有良好的准确度和精密度。结果表明 :车前子中Mg ,Fe ,Al,Zn含量较高。此测定结果可为探讨车前子中元素含量与其药效的相关性提供科学数据。     

微波消解ICP-AES测定普洱茶中的17种元素

优化了微波处理样品的条件,以电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）检测普洱茶中17种元素的含量。结果表明,普洱茶中元素含量高低顺序为：K〉Ca〉Mg〉Al〉Mn〉Na〉Fe〉Zn〉Ni〉Sr〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Co〉Cd。As、Se没有检出,有害元素的含量均低于国家标准限量。ICP-AES检测各元素的相对标准偏差小于5%。     

ICP-OES和ICP-MS应用于石膏多元素分析时的样品微波消解方法研究

分别采用HNO3,HNO3/HF和HNO3/HF+H3BO3三种不同消解用酸微波消解石膏样品.用ICP-OES检测石膏中的Al,Ca,Fe,Mg,K,Na,S,Ti,Si和Sr,用ICP-MS检测石膏中的V,Cr,Mn,Zn,Se和Ce.采用GBW03109a,GBW03110和FGD-2作为石膏标准物质.检测值与样品标准值的对比结果表明,使用HNO3/HF+H3BO3样晶消解最完全.建立了用9 mL HNO3和1 mL HF分解0.2 g石膏,再加入10 mL 4%(ρ)的H3BO3中和过量的HF及氟化物沉淀的两步微波加热消解方法.该方法检测3种石膏标准物质时,元素回收率为88%～112%,RSD均小于3%.利用该方法测定了3种实际燃煤电厂脱硫石膏样品中的元素含量.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析不同产地大豆中的矿物元素含量

选取江西、黑龙江、吉林和安徽4产地同一种属大豆经硝酸湿法消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定了其中K, P, Mg, Ca, Fe,Al, Zn, Mn 和Na元素的含量,并采用Ducan多重比较方法对结果进行统计分析。结果表明：大豆中含有丰富的矿物元素,其中K,P,Mg,Ca,Fe元素含量较高,且排序不因产地的变化而改变。Mn, Zn,Al,Na元素的排序则受产地影响较大。K, P, Mg的含量受产地的影响不大,表现出某一品种大豆自身生长对主要矿物质的需求是相对稳定的。不同产地大豆中Al, Ca,Fe, Na, Mn,Zn元素的含量差异显著(P<0.05),说明这几种微量元素的含量受土壤及环境的影响较大,其中安徽大豆中的铁元素(70.93 mg·kg-1)和江西大豆中的锰元素(32.69 mg·kg-1)显著高于其他3个样品。     

ICP-MS法分析不同种质荒漠肉苁蓉矿质元素分布特征

矿质元素是中药材品质评价的重要指标之一,与中药材功效物质合成及其功效的发挥密切相关,中药材矿质元素含量受其种质、采收时期、药用部位、产地等因素的影响。荒漠肉苁蓉是我国著名补益中药,也是药食同源类药材,其矿质元素含量越来越受到人们关注。应用ICP-AES法测定了黄花、白花、紫花三种类型荒漠肉苁蓉不同部位4种常量矿质元素和8种微量矿质元素含量。结果表明：(1)不同类型荒漠肉苁蓉均含有K、 Ca、 Mg、 Na、 Fe、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn、 Cr、 As、 Pb和Cd元素,但不同类型荒漠肉苁蓉矿质元素含量差异较大,黄花肉苁蓉矿质元素含量低于白花肉苁蓉和紫花肉苁蓉;白花肉苁蓉K、 Ca、 Mg、 Na、和Cu含量高于紫花肉苁蓉,而Zn、 Cr和Cd含量低于紫花肉苁蓉。(2)荒漠肉苁蓉中12种矿质元素分布特征差异明显,K、 Ca、 Mg、 Na和Cu主要分布在上部。(3)荒漠肉苁蓉不同部位矿质元素比值差异显著,三种类型荒漠肉苁蓉K/Na值均为下部>中部>上部;Mg/Fe值紫花、白花类型中部最高,黄花类型上部最高;Zn/Mn比值紫花和黄花类型中部最高,而白花类型下部最高;Cu/Cr...     

藏药“君西”不同炮制品中的微量元素测定

运用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICPS)、原子荧光光谱仪(AFS)、电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定“君西”生品、水淬品、酒淬品、酸酪淬品的Al、Ca、Fe、K、Na、Mg、Zn、Cu、Pb、As、Hg含量,测定结果显示,君西不同炮制品间微量元素Al、Ca、Fe、K、Na等存在明显差异,说明炮制过程对君西微量元素成分产生了重要影响.     

ICP-AES测定肉苁蓉及其提取物中矿质元素含量

采用ICP-AES法测定两种肉苁蓉及其提取物中11种矿质元素,结果表明：肉苁蓉中Mn,K,Ca,Mg,Na含量（μg·g-1）显著高于管花肉苁蓉,分别为17.70,16 278.03,1 947.25,1 662.76,106.79;肉苁蓉50%甲醇提取物中Fe,Cu,P含量为水提物的1.5倍、2.4倍、1.1倍,Mn,Zn,K,P,Mg,Na含量为100%甲醇提取物的3.8倍、1.2倍、1.6倍、2.3倍、2.2倍、1.1倍;管花肉苁蓉50%甲醇提取物中Cu和P含量为水提物的1.6倍和1.2倍,Mn,Zn,K,P,Mg,Na,Al含量为100%甲醇提取物的2.0倍、1.6倍、1.6倍、1.4倍、1.8倍、1.2倍、1.2倍;肉苁蓉和管花肉苁蓉内矿质元素在50%甲醇中的溶出率分别是60.79%～83.10%和44.58%～83.84%,且Mn, Zn, K, P, Ca, Na, Al的溶出率显著高于水和100%甲醇提取。此研究为高效利用肉苁蓉药材中的矿质元素提供了科学依据。     

ICP-AES测定水稻不同部位12种元素的含量

将水稻植株的稻米、谷壳、根、茎叶4个部位进行预处理,湿法消解后,用ICP-AES测定各部位Cu、Zn、Ni、Al、Fe、Mn、P、Ca、Mg、K、Na、B 12种元素的含量.结果表明:谷壳中Cu、Zn、Ni、P、Ca、Mg、K、B的含量高于水稻植株其他部位含量; Al、Fe主要集中在水稻根部.各元素的检出限为0.001...     

NOx formation and flame velocity profiles of iso- and n-isomers of butane and butanol

NO formation and flame propagation are studied in premixed flames of iso- and n-isomers of butane and butanol through experimental measurements and direct simulation of experimental profiles. The stabilized flame is realized through the impingement of a premixed combustible jet from a contraction nozzle against a temperature-controlled plate. The velocity field is obtained by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and nitric oxide concentration profiles are measured using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), calibrated using known NO seeding levels. It is found that NO formation in n- and iso-isomers is comparable under the conditions considered, except for rich butanol mixtures, whereby NO formation is higher for iso-butanol. Generally, less NO is formed in butanol flames than in the butane flames. The experiment is simulated by a 1D chemically reacting stagnation flow model, using literature models of C1–C4 hydrocarbons [Wang et al., 2010] and butanol combustion chemistry [Sarathy et al., 2009, 2012]. NO prediction is tested using two of these mechanisms with a previously-published NO_x submechanism added into the butane and butanol models. While a good level of agreement is observed in the velocity field prediction under lean and stoichiometric conditions, discrepancies exist under rich conditions. Greater discrepancies are observed in NO prediction, except for the C1–C4 mechanism which shows good agreement with the experiment under lean and stoichiometric conditions. The current study provides data for further development of mechanisms with NO_x prediction capabilities for the fuels considered here.     

Quantum and surface properties of free films and nanoshells of molecular and atomic thicknesses

An original technology and the properties of new thin film nanoobjects, free films and shells of molecular and atomic thicknesses, are presented. Special attention is paid to shells of monoatomic or monomoleculer thickness with unique surface properties that have not been found in bulk materials.     

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Electronic States and Spectra of TeH and TeLi

Gas-phase emission spectra of the hitherto unknown free radical TeLi have been measured in the NIR range with a Fourier-transform spectrometer. The emissions were observed from a fast flow system in which tellurium vapor in argon carrier gas was passed through a microwave discharge and mixed with lithium vapor in an observation tube. Two systems of blue-degraded bands were measured at high spectral resolution in the ranges 8000-9000 and 5700-6700 cm(-1) and vibrational and rotational analyses were performed. In order to aid in the analysis of the experimental data, a series of relativistic configuration interaction calculations has been carried out to obtain potential curves for the low-lying states of TeLi and the isovalent TeH and also electric dipole transition moments connecting them. As in the TeH system, the ground state of TeLi is found to be X(2)Pi(i), but with a remarkably smaller spin-orbit splitting. The TeLi calculations indicate a strongly bound A(2)Sigma(+) state, while in TeH the analogous state is computed to lie significantly higher at approximately 32 000 cm(-1), and it is strongly predissociated. Based on the theoretical analysis, the observed TeLi band systems are assigned to the transitions A(2)Sigma(+)(A1/2)-->X(1)(2)Pi(3/2)(X(1)3/2) and A(2)Sigma(+)(A1/2)-->X(2)(2)Pi(1/2)(X(2)1/2). Analysis of the spectra has yielded the molecular constants (in cm(-1)) X(1)(2)Pi(3/2):omega(e)=457.49(3), omega(e)x(e)=2.482(9), B(0)=0.408908(8); X(2)(2)Pi(1/2): T(e)=2353.44(3), omega(e)=456.28(4), omega(e)x(e)=2.635(8), B(0)=0.414954(8), p(0)=1.00637(4); A(2)Sigma(+): T(e)=8574.64(2), omega(e)=437.81(3), omega(e)x(e)=2.581(8), B(0)=0.423903(8), p(0)=-0.19915(2), where the numbers in parentheses are the standard deviations of the parameters. Comparison of the isovalent TeLi and TeH systems emphasizes that the difference in bonding character (ionic in TeLi vs covalent in TeH) is responsible for qualitative differences in the electronic spectra of these two molecules. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Topological dislocation-type defects and mechanisms of plasticity and failure of nanostructured and amorphous materials

Possible mechanisms of plastic deformation and failure of nanostructured and cluster amorphous materials have been considered. It is shown that the most probable carriers of plastic deformation in these materials are macrodislocations—linear topological defects of the regular nanocrystallite packing in the nanostructure or cluster packing in amorphous materials. Continuum models are proposed to describe the processes of plastic deformation and failure of nanostructured and cluster amorphous materials. Original Russian Text ? L.S. Vasil’ev, S.F. Lomaeva, 2009, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2009, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 128–131.     

MCNP-FISPACT耦合燃耗计算程序开发与测试

反应堆堆芯的燃耗计算关系到堆芯的燃料管理,并直接影响堆芯的经济性评估,因此如何快速且准确地对堆芯进行燃耗计算一直是反应堆物理设计的研究重点之一。随着反应堆的发展,其几何结构和物理特性日渐复杂,现有的一维、二维耦合燃耗程序因其在几何处理上的限制,难以满足先进反应堆精细设计分析的要求。为对复杂反应堆堆芯的燃耗情况进行计算,结合粒子输运程序MCNP 处理复杂几何和燃耗程序FISPACT处理核素全面的特点,开发了接口程序耦合MCNP 和FISPACT来进行燃耗计算,并对耦合程序进行了计算验证。采用了IAEA 基准校核例题和CFETR中国聚变工程实验堆例题进行程序验证,经计算得出的有效倍增因子随燃耗的变化曲线和TBR等数据与标准例题的结果符合良好,其误差在可接受范围内。     

Some problems of analysis and optimization of plates and shells

The classical optimization problems of plates and shells to satisfy a priori given geometry and dynamical characteristics are considered. Orthotropic plates and shells with variable thickness and low transverse stiffness are analyzed. First, some useful theorems and their proofs are given. Then the finite approximation of the problem related to optimization of free vibrations of shells with transverse deformation and rotary inertia is discussed. The varational iteration (MVI) and Bubnov-Galerkin (MB) methods are applied, and their convergence and suitability for application to plates and shells analysis are discussed and numerically evaluated.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.