城市环境地球化学系统模糊评价初探

结合我国城市发展现状,尝试从理论评价(城市化进程)和城市实际环境状况(地球化学基线、城市环境地质)两个综合角度,用多层次模糊数学模型来作为对系统评价研究的探索,并通过对X市的经验评价说明了方法的可行性。     

应用地质累积指数评价南昌市城市污泥重金属污染

应用地质累积指数对南昌市城市污泥(包括污水处理厂污泥和纸厂废水处理污泥)的重金属污染进行了分析评价。结果表明,城市污泥重金属中Pb、Cr按地质累积指数分级均为0,属无污染;As地质累积指数为0～1之间,表现为无污染～中度污染;青山湖污水处理厂污泥主要的重金属污染元素为Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn,其平均的地质累积指数为2～4,表现为中度污染～强污染。     

湖南湘潭市的城市地质环境调查

从地质环境、水文环境、大气环境和地球化学环境阐述了湘潭市区的城市环境,提出进一步开展城市生态地球化学研究,对环境状态未来的变化进行预测,加强环境保护,使经济发展与自然环境和谐一致。     

基于统计分析的株洲市土壤重金属地球化学特征

从地质环境与地球化学环境阐述了株洲市的城市环境,提出进一步开展城市生态地球化学研究,并通过相关分析、R型聚类分析、母岩分类统计分别讨论其土壤重金属污染情况。     

宜宾市翠屏区宋家乡土壤地球化学质量评价及意义

在表层土壤系统采样调查的基础上,进行了相关的灌溉水、饮用水以及土壤有机物和大气降尘等的测试,分析结果显示,宜宾市翠屏区宋家乡土壤存在重金属元素超标趋势,尤其是镉。采用地质累积指数法和污染程度分析对翠屏区宋家乡地区土壤质量进行了评价和分析,为该区土壤资源、环境评价和农业经济发展规划提供了实用地球化学信息。     

地质环境样品中挥发酚分析现状与进展

挥发酚被列为环境优先控制的有机污染物,已成为评价环境污染的重要指标之一。该文简述了挥发酚的化学性质及地质环境来源,概括了国内外挥发酚测定的相关标准方法,从样品预处理技术和检测技术两方面综述了近年来地质环境样品中挥发酚分析的研究现状。重点对溶剂萃取、蒸馏、固相萃取、固相微萃取和吹扫捕集等样品预处理技术,以及4-氨基安替比林分光光度法、紫外和荧光分光光度法、溴化容量法、气相色谱法、液相色谱法和酚生物传感器法等技术在地质环境样品中挥发酚分析上的应用进行了较为全面的总结,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望,为进一步研究挥发酚的分析技术及其环境应用提供参考。     

第六届国际地质及环境材料分析大会的通知

国际地质及环境材料分析大会是由国际地质分析者协会发起的国际性学术会议,每三年举办一次。第六届国际地质及环境材料分析大会 Geoanalysis2006,将于 2006年 9月 19~21日在北京举行。会议由国土资源部中国地质调查局、国际地质分析者协会(IGA)联合举办,国家地质实验测试中心承办。会议将邀请国际知名学者参加,会议语言为英语。本届会议的主题是“资源与环境材料的现代分析技术”,会议的 8个专题为:1.环境和地球化学研究中的分析技术,包括:自动化分析、形态分析、同位素和有机分析等; 2.微观地学研究中的微探针技术及相应标准物质; …     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖微球吸附-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量钽EI北大核心CSCD

建立了氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖微球吸附-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量Ta的方法。合成了氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖微球,将其应用于地质样品中痕量Ta的分离富集,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱对富集后的试液进行测定。对氧化石墨烯含量、配体种类和浓度、pH、吸附时间、吸附剂用量等吸附条件和洗脱剂类型、体积、洗脱时间等洗脱条件进行了优化,在优化的条件下,对地质样品标准物质进行测定,Ta的方法检出限为2.0 ng/g,富集倍数为26.7倍。     

关于举办《第六届国际地质及环境材料分析大会》的通知

国际地质及环境材料分析大会是由国际地质分析者协会发起的国际性学术会议 ,每三年举办一次。第六届国际地质及环境材料分析大会—— Geoanalysis2 0 0 6,将于 2 0 0 6年 9月 1 9～ 2 1日在北京举行。会议由国土资源部中国地质调查局、国际地质分析者协会 (IGA)联合举办 ,国家地质实验测试中心承办。会议将邀请国际知名学者参加 ,会议语言为英语。本届会议的主题是“资源与环境材料的现代分析技术”,会议的 8个专题为 :1 .环境和地球化学研究中的分析技术 (包括 :自动化分析、形态分析、同位素和有机分析等 ) ;2 .微观地学研究中的微探针…     

火焰原子荧光光谱法测定矿石样品中的银

为满足矿产资源领域地质找矿的检测工作需要,寻找一种操作便捷、重现性好、检出限低的检测方法,进行银元素的定量分析测试。通过对样品取样重量、复溶盐酸用量等参数进行条件优化试验,选出最优前期处理条件;对火焰原子荧光光谱仪进行条件试验,针对灯电流、燃气气流量等关键参数进行单一变量试验,最终确立了仪器最佳测试条件;测试方法精密度为精密度为1.80%～4.52%,准确度为0.46%～1.82%,检出限为0.4g/t。本方法具有稳定性好,灵敏度高,分析效率快等特点,适合在样品量多、精度要求高的实验室间推广。     

Comparability of thermodynamic data – a metrological point of view

In order to compare and to interpret chemical measurements, compliance with general rules of metrology is compulsory. Such rules are the more important the more the chemical measurements are applied under circumstances where material assets and goods or immaterial values like health may be affected. Metrology of chemical measurements attempts to define rules for achieving comparability and for guaranteeing quality of analytical data. Thermodynamic data are commonly derived from a set of analytical measurements. Comparability among thermodynamic data is an important issue especially for those data to be applied in politically sensitive issues of environmental prognosis, long-term safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories in deep geological formations and assessment of environmental impact of technical intervention in the geosphere. Taking the data evaluation step in the traceability chain of thermodynamic data as an example, the existing thermodynamic data is shown to be affected by deficiencies in comparability and quality that may severely limit its dependability in environmental prognosis. The need for a metrologically acceptable approach is demonstrated. Statistical concepts improving a reliable assignment of meaningful measurement uncertainty to a thermodynamic datum are presented. Unresolved issues, i.e. measurement uncertainty of a pH measurement, hampering the construction of a traceability chain are outlined.     

地球化学分析

本文回顾、评述了我国在岩石、矿物、矿石与矿产资源、土地、环境地质与放射性测量、海洋、地下水资源、煤炭等与地球化学分析相关的研究领域中，在过去两年所取得的研究进展。     

Comparability of thermodynamic data--a metrological point of view

In order to compare and to interpret chemical measurements, compliance with general rules of metrology is compulsory. Such rules are the more important the more the chemical measurements are applied under circumstances where material assets and goods or immaterial values like health may be affected. Metrology of chemical measurements attempts to define rules for achieving comparability and for guaranteeing quality of analytical data. Thermodynamic data are commonly derived from a set of analytical measurements. Comparability among thermodynamic data is an important issue especially for those data to be applied in politically sensitive issues of environmental prognosis, long-term safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories in deep geological formations and assessment of environmental impact of technical intervention in the geosphere. Taking the data evaluation step in the traceability chain of thermodynamic data as an example, the existing thermodynamic data is shown to be affected by deficiencies in comparability and quality that may severely limit its dependability in environmental prognosis. The need for a metrologically acceptable approach is demonstrated. Statistical concepts improving a reliable assignment of meaningful measurement uncertainty to a thermodynamic datum are presented. Unresolved issues, i.e. measurement uncertainty of a pH measurement, hampering the construction of a traceability chain are outlined.     

Optical Remote-sensing Monitoring and Forecasting of Atmospheric Pollution in Huaibei Area,China

Huaibei is an energy city. Coal as the primary energy consumption brings a large number of regional pollution in Huaibei area. Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) as optical remote sensing technology has been applied to monitor regional average concen-trations and inventory of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone. DOAS system was set up and applied to monitor the main air pollutants in Huaibei area. Monitoring data were obtained from 7 to 28 August, 2011. Monitoring results show measurements in controlling pollution are effective, and emissions of pollutants are up to the national standard in Huaibei area. Prediction model was also created to track changing trend of pollutions. These will provide raw data support for effective evaluation of environmental quality in Huaibei area.     

Minerals of Moscow

By the example of the territory of Moscow, possibilities of studying large cities as independent topomineralogical objects are shown. A cadastre of minerals, their varieties, and mineral formations, consisting of more than 100 names, has been collected for Moscow for the first time on the basis of different sources (publications, geological funds, and museums). Distribution of important discoveries of minerals on the territory of the city is demonstrated in detail and their characteristics are given.     

Evaluation of the Potential Release Tendency of Metals and Metalloids from the Estuarine Sediments: Case Study of Raša Bay

Assessing the environmental quality of coastal systems is important not only for the management and protection of such areas, but also for improving the quality of water resources. Since sediment itself can often be a source of certain toxic elements, in addition to information on the distribution of metals in the water column and in the sediment itself, it is useful to determine the bioavailable forms of individual elements, particularly toxic ones. In this study, water and sediment geochemical data were supplemented with oxyanion mobility in sediments estimated by diffusion gradients in thin film (DGTs). The data obtained indicate that the chemical composition of the water in the Raša River estuary primarily reflects the high input of suspended sediment from the catchment, the mixing of freshwater and seawater, and to a lesser extent the effects of anthropogenic activities. Although sediment composition is primarily determined by geological and hydrodynamic conditions in the catchment, it also indicates moderate enrichment in Co, Cr, Mo and Ni. In contrast, the distribution of oxyanions in sediment pore water indicates the influence of sediment as a source of some elements in the bottom water; e.g., sediment contributes to 40% of the arsenic bottom water budget. The obtained depth profiles of the oxyanion distribution in the sediment pore water indicate an early onset of suboxic to anoxic conditions in Raša Bay, which is prone to rapid sedimentation. All this demonstrates the need to consider the bioavailable forms of elements when assessing environmental quality, as the lack of such information can lead to an incomplete assessment, especially in dynamic coastal systems such as estuaries.     

Determination of toxic and trace elements in algae by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been applied in the determination of toxic and other trace elements in a set of three algae materials provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency, with the aim of environmental preservation through enhanced applications of nuclear analytical techniques. The quality of the analysis method has been evaluated by analyzing a number of biological standard reference materials. By adding mineral nutrients, the cultivation of algae for metals is enhanced, in particular, selected toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb. It is believed that the level of elemental concentration in algae samples are dependent on environmental conditions due to its biochemical properties. Therefore, algae materials may be useful as an indicator or controller of environmental water pollution.     

中子活化分析在鄂尔多斯地区元素分析中的应用

利用中子活化对鄂尔多斯盆地油气田上方的地质样品进行了某些元素的检测,通过实验分析,得到了该地区岩石中某些元素的含量,并对该地区的放射性元素作出了评价,绘制了样品的稀土配分模式图和评价了当地的金属矿产资源情况.结果表明,在油气田的上方,放射性元素铀呈现出负异常;钍和钾无明显异常;岩石中的其它元素和中国大陆地壳元素丰度基本...