Graphene-based one-dimensional photonic crystal

A novel type of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal formed by an array of periodically located stacks of alternating graphene and dielectric stripes embedded into a background dielectric medium is proposed. The wave equation for the electromagnetic wave propagating in such a structure is solved in the framework of the Kronig-Penney model. The frequency band structure of the 1D graphene-based photonic crystal is obtained analytically as a function of the filling factor and the thickness of the dielectric between the graphene stripes. The photonic frequency corresponding to the electromagnetic wave localized by a defect of the photonic crystal formed by an extra dielectric placed in the position of one stack of alternating graphene and dielectric stripes is obtained.     

Three-dimensional optical metrology with color-coded extended depth of focus

A novel method of rapid three-dimensional optical metrology that is based on triangulation of a configuration of color-coded light stripes is presented. The method exploits polychromatic illumination and a combined diffractive-refractive element, so the incident light is focused upon a stripe that is axially dispersed, greatly increasing the depth-measuring range without any decrease in the axial or the lateral resolution. The discrimination of each color stripe is further improved by spectral coding and decoding techniques. An 18-fold increase in the depth of focus was experimentally obtained while diffraction-limited light stripes were completely maintained.     

核燃料棒反光表面条纹自适应中心提取方法

针对水下检测中激光条纹中心难以准确提取的问题,提出了一种适用于水下核燃料棒反光表面的条纹自适应中心提取方法.根据检测环境中存在水体散射及物体表面高反光的特点,去除水下噪点、反光噪点,实现激光条纹分割提取;充分利用BP神经网络曲线拟合及由光条几何信息生成的自适应卷积模板,实现反光区域的轮廓与灰度分布修正,使光条截面灰度分...     

Tunable Pair Transmission in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Consisting of Single-Negative Materials

We study the transmission of one-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of single-negative permittivity and single-negative permeability media by using transfer matrix method. A pair of transmission modes is found in the gap. The transmission modes are dependent only on the ratio of the thicknesses of the two alternating layers. The separation of a pair of transmission modes can be tuned by varying the thickness of the defect layer or the ratio of thicknesses of the two alternating layers.     

利用结构光进行三维测量的新方法

提出一种利用三维图像实验三维标定的测量方法。用增行光投射光栅,使之产生一系列相互平行的光切面,这些光切面投射到物体表面之后,在物体表面形成一系列的光条。我们利用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器产生的激光实验ＣＣＤ测头的定位和光条的识别,从而实现编码。编码后的图像经过细化、边界提取等处理后可以进行接下来的计算工作。由于我们是利用一幅图像来提取三维信息,从推导提取等处理后可以进行接下来的计算工作。由于我们是利用一幅图     

Length scale dependence of chiral symmetry breaking in free-standing films of achiral smectic C

The textures of a smectic C phase in free-standing films of the Schiff base 5O.6 are studied as a function of the number of layers and temperature. Periodic stripes with alternating contrast are observed in SmA boundary layers. On further cooling a transition to the splay stripes occurs in the smectic A temperature interval. In the smectic C phase all the periodic textures disappear, whereas in films with one free boundary a periodic arrangement of splay stripes is found. Mechanisms of symmetry breaking are discussed. Pis'ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 64, No. 1, 29–32 (10 July 1996) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit.     

复合纺丝法制备聚合物瓣状光纤的研究

瓣状光纤(SCF)由高折射率均匀芯层和高低折射率区域交替的皮层组成, 可有效地实现大纤芯单模运行。提出了采用复合纺丝法一步制备瓣状光纤。采用聚碳酸酯(PC)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)成功地制备截面符合设计要求的聚合物瓣状光纤。所制光纤的纤芯直径为40 μm。并用白光作为光源, 考察了所制光纤在500～1000 nm波段范围的出射光谱。从出射光谱可以看出, 所制光纤在730～830 nm波段范围内透射率比较高。通过截断法对所得光纤在500～1000 nm波段范围的传输损耗进行测试, 结果表明所制光纤的传输损耗比较大, 最大为30 dB/m。采用532 nm绿色激光作为光源, 通过CCD采集60 cm所得光纤的光斑。     

Colour-stripe permutation pattern for rapid structured-light range imaging

For structured-light range imaging, colour stripes can be used for increasing the number of distinguishable light patterns compared to binary black-and-white stripes. Therefore, an appropriate use of colour patterns can reduce the number of required light projections for imaging an object scene, and range imaging can be achievable in a single video frame or in “one-shot”. On the other hand, the reliability and range resolution attainable from colour stripes are generally lower than those from temporally encoded binary black-and-white patterns since colour contrast is affected by object colour reflectance and ambient light. This paper presents new methods for selecting stripe colours and designing multiple-stripe patterns for “one-shot” and “two-shot” imaging. We show that maximizing colour contrast between the stripes in one-shot imaging reduces the ambiguities resulting from coloured object surfaces and limitations in sensor/projector resolution. Moreover, a cross-stripe gradient method is presented to improve estimation of illumination patterns in one-shot imaging. Two-shot imaging adds an extra video frame and maximizes the colour contrast between the first and second video frames to diminish the ambiguities even further. Experimental results and discussion demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the presented one-shot and two-shot colour-stripe imaging schemes.     

光条纹中心的实时快速提取

在光电检测系统中,光条纹中心的准确、快速提取是保证系统精度和实时性的必要条件。采用大规模并行算法和串行流水技术,提出了一种基于Steger算法的串并结合的处理结构。该方法在比原算法节省大量逻辑资源的同时,光条纹中心提取速度得到了大大的提升。给出了基于FPGA的实现方法,提取精度达到了亚像素级。     

Novel nanostructuring of the O/Cu(110) surface by reaction to oxygen

We present a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the reactivity to oxygen of the O/Cu(110) surface nanostructured with alternating oxidized and clean Cu stripes leading to novel nanostructuring by troughs made of missing top-most Cu atoms. The copper atoms extracted from these troughs are participating to the added-row reconstruction of the surface. The oxidation of the nanostructured surface proceeds by enlargement of the oxidized stripes and by oxidation of the troughs until the surface is fully covered by oxygen. At saturation, the trough arrangement, templated by the oxygen-free stripes, led to a novel nanostructure of the O/Cu(110) surface made of the (2 × 1) phase only.A limited influence of the step density was found as the nanostructuration blocks almost all the primary sources of copper atoms at the step edges. In this case, the troughs became the spare source feeding the reconstruction. Careful analysis of the trough distribution in the vicinity of step edges and on terraces shows clear indication of an anisotropic diffusion of the copper adatoms at the surface.     

干涉条纹的数据拟合方法

如何对干涉条纹数据进行有效地拟合,直接关系到条纹的定位精度以及待测量的检测精度。分析了上前使用的多项式最小二乘拟合法的局限法,提出了一种基于条纹特征的分步拟合新方法。该法避免了非线性拟合问题,其仿真拟合度优于９９．９９％,实验拟合度优于９７．２４％,可有产地对干涉条纹进行实时拟合,并可满意地得到整个序列的拟合曲线。     

基于两点光源的迈克耳孙实验分析

迈克耳孙实验是大学物理中的一个重要实验.本文从迈克耳孙实验出发,讨论两个点光源在空间光场中产生的非定域干涉和承接光屏放在不同方位上所显示的干涉条纹,用Matlab软件做出干涉条纹图样,并对条纹的形状和光屏位置的关系进行分析,进而通过条纹的形状判断出光源的位置.同时,解释实验中的一些现象,由此加深了对干涉原理和迈克耳孙实验的理解,为下一步更好地学习打下基础.     

Magnetoplasmonic crystals: Resonant linear and nonlinear magnetooptical effects

Results of spectroscopic analysis of the optical second-harmonic (SH) generation in magnetic plasmonic structures comprised of iron garnet and periodic arrays of gold stripes are presented. It is shown experimentally that, in the region of the resonant excitation of a surface plasmon on the metal–magnetic dielectric interface, an increase in the SH intensity and an alternating modulation of the magnetic contrast for the SH, reaching 40%, are observed. The results are described in terms of a nonlinear Fano resonance.     

Micro-projection dynamic backlight for multi-view 3D display

A micro-projection dynamic backlight for multi-view three-dimensional(3 D) display is proposed. The proposed backlight includes a light emitting diodes(LEDs) array, a lenticular lens array, and a scattering film. The LED array, the lenticular lens,and the scattering film construct a micro-projection structure. In this structure, the LEDs in the array are divided into several groups. The light from each LED group can be projected to the scattering film by the lenticular lens and forms a series of bright stripes. The different LED groups have different horizontal positions, so these bright stripes corresponding to different LED groups also have different horizontal positions. Therefore, they can be used as a dynamic backlight.Because the distance between the LEDs array and the lenticular lens is much larger than the distance between the lenticular lens and the scattering films, the imaging progress will make the width of the bright stripes much smaller than that of the LEDs, and the pitch of the stripes is also decreased. According to the 3 D display theory, the bright stripes with small width and pitch help to increase the number of views. Therefore, the proposed micro-projection dynamic backlight is very suitable for multi-view 3 D display. An experimental prototype was developed, and the experimental results show that the micro-projection dynamic backlight can correctly complete the directional projection of the parallax images to form a 3 D display.     

Photonic bandgap structures for long-range surface plasmon polaritons

Propagation of long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LR-SPPs) along periodically thickness-modulated metal stripes embedded in dielectric is studied both theoretically and experimentally for light wavelengths in the telecom range. We demonstrate that symmetric (with respect to the film surface) nm-size thickness variations result in the pronounced band gap effect, and obtain very good agreement between measured and simulated (transmission and reflection) spectra. This effect is exploited to realize a compact wavelength add-drop filter with the bandwidth of 20 nm centered at 1550 nm. The possibilities of achieving a full bandgap (in the surface plane) for LR-SPPs are also discussed.     

变延迟进动定制激发(DANTE)序列在工程中的优化设计

变延迟进动定制激发（Delays Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation,DANTE）序列作为一种黑血预脉冲序列,通过连续施加小角度激发脉冲,以及结合散相梯度,使得流动物质和静态物质达到不同的稳态,从而抑制流动的血液.对于静态物质而言,施加DANTE序列后在图像等间隔的位置会出现暗条纹,暗条纹的宽度与梯度幅值和小单元持续时间乘积相关：乘积越大,暗纹宽度越小.对于动态物质而言,为达到较好的抑制效果,需要增加整个DANTE序列模块的准备时间,并且增大梯度幅值和小单元持续时间的乘积.因此,该方法对于梯度系统的要求较高,而实际梯度放大器（Gradient Amplifier,GPA）有一定的限额.在有限的GPA条件下,为使得DANTE序列具有更好抑制流动信号效果,本文在读出方向以及片层旋转两个方面进行了梯度优化,实现了更好的黑血效果.     

Nanolithography Considerations for Multi-Passband Grating Filters

The placement accuracy and resolution of direct-write patterning tools, in particular the atomic force microscope (AFM), is considered for application to fabricating multi-passband integrated optical niters. Because of its simpler fabrication a grating structure is proposed that consists of identical stripes that are non-periodically spaced. The recently developed pseudorandom encoding method from the field of computer generated holography is modified to effectively assign analog reflectances at each point along the grating by selective withdrawal and offsetting of the stripes from a periodic spacing. An example filter designed by this method has two 1.5 nm bandwidth passbands and –23 dB of rejection for lightly coupled stripes. As with single band filters, the passbands broaden as the coupling increases. A calculation of the coupling coefficient of stripes on a fundamental mode, slab waveguide indicate that stripes on the order of 100 nm in depth and width support low insertion loss, multipassband filtering applications at visible wavelengths. Lines of these dimensions patterned with an AFM on (110) silicon indicates the feasibility of fabricating these filters. These conclusions are specific to current AFM’s that are limited to writing fields of 100 μm. Increased rejection and decreased passband widths will result from incorporating precise field stitching into future AFM’s.     

金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心提取方法

采用线结构光法测量金属表面形貌时,由于受到金属表面光学特性和散斑噪声的影响,条纹中心的提取误差往往较大。为此,提出了一种非相干线结构光形貌测量方法,避免了散斑噪声的影响。通过分析该方法测量金属表面形貌时的条纹图像特点,提出一种适合非相干线结构光条纹的中心提取方法。该方法首先采用结合积分图像原理的自适应阈值分割算法,对原条纹图像进行分割。采用灰度重心法粗提取原条纹中心坐标,以该坐标为基准向条纹宽度方向延伸,从而确定阈值分割后条纹图的感兴趣区和背景区,并去除背景区的噪声。经中值滤波后,采用几何中心法提取条纹中心。实验结果表明：采用该方法提取粗糙度样块表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为1.5μm,提取齿轮渐开线样板表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为0.9μm,均比其线激光条纹中心的提取误差小。所提方法能实现金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心的精确提取。     

Reciprocity of Faraday effect in ferrofluid: Comparison with magneto-optical glass

The transmission light intensity method is carried out on a classical platform to study the reciprocity of Faraday effect in water-based Fe₃O₄ ferrofluid and its diluents. Setting the polarization direction of the analyzer at an angle of 45° to that of the polarizer, the switchable DC magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field are imposed to ferrofluid. The ferrofluid film is replaced by magneto-optical glass for contrastive experiments. The results indicate that ferrofluid is different with magneto-optical glass. Even though the direction of magnetic field is reversed, the rotation direction of the polarized light does not change for ferrofluid. The theoretical model of magneto-optical rotation was used to describe the origin of the reciprocity of Faraday effect in ferrofluid and the non-reciprocity in magneto-optical glass. These findings suggest that the magnetic moments of nanoparticles in ferrofluid tend to the same orientation with the magnetic field because of the rotation of particles.     

Nanofabrication of a space-variant optical transmission filter

A space-variant optical transmission filter is demonstrated for which a simplified process is used to tailor the spatial response of the filter across the surface of a single wafer. A multilayer stack, of alternating high or low refractive index dielectric materials, was used to produce a narrow transmission notch in the center of a wide stop band. Subsequent patterning and etching of arrays of holes through the volume of the dielectric stack was performed to control the fill factor of the dielectric in the layers. The position of the transmission notch within the reflection spectrum was varied across the device surface by adjusting the hole diameter of the hole arrays. Experimental and numerical simulation were used to confirm the space-variant transmission characteristics of a single-wafer sample with two zones of different hole diameter arrays in the 1550 nm wavelength regime.